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Sun X, Li C, Yu B, Wang J, Wang W. Removal of gaseous volatile organic compounds via vacuum ultraviolet photodegradation: Review and prospect. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 125:427-442. [PMID: 36375926 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) have attracted much attention for decades as they are the precursors of photochemical smog and are harmful to the environment and human health. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photodegradation is a simple and effective method to decompose VOCs (ranging from tens to hundreds of ppmV) without additional oxidants or catalysts in the air at atmospheric pressure. In this paper, we review the research progress of VOCs removal via VUV photodegradation. The fundamentals are outlined and the key operation factors for VOCs degradation, such as humidity, oxygen content, VOCs initial concentration, light intensity, and flow rate, are discussed. VUV photodegradation of VOCs mixture is elucidated. The application of VUV photodegradation in combination with ozone-assisted catalytic oxidation (OZCO) and photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) systems, and as the pre-treatment technique for biological purification are illustrated. Based on the summary, we propose the challenges of VUV photodegradation and perspectives for its future development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chaolin Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Boping Yu
- Shenzhen Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen 518001, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China.
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Yu Y, Jiang J, Hua L, Chen C, Xu Y, Chen P, Wang W, Chen Y, Fan Z, Li H. Ionization of Dichloromethane by a Vacuum Ultraviolet Krypton Lamp: Competition Between Photoinduced Ion-Pair and Photodissociation-Assisted Photoionization. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:1265-1271. [PMID: 36719712 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c03572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The photodissociation and photoionization behaviors of haloalkanes in the VUV regime are important to fully understand the mechanism of ozone depletion in the stratosphere. The ionization of dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) under the irradiation of 10.0 and 10.6 eV light was investigated. CH2Cl+ was observed at 10 Pa, while both CH2Cl+ and CHCl2+ were observed at higher pressure. The production efficiency of CH2Cl+ decreased with the increasing number density of CH2Cl2, while that of CHCl2+ increased. A kinetic model was successfully derived to quantitatively describe the variation trends of CH2Cl+ and CHCl2+, in which the competition between photoinduced ion-pair and photodissociation-assisted photoionization (PD-PI) were included. The ion-pair channel was quenched efficiently at higher pressure or concentration, which reduced its contribution. Our study proposed new insights into the complicated photoexcitation behaviors of CH2Cl2 in the VUV regime and revealed the important role of photodissociation in photoionization at low photon flux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichun Jiang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Hua
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiqian Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Fan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiyang Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning116023, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Okada I, Tsuda A. Flow Photo-On-Demand Phosgenation Reactions with Chloroform. Org Process Res Dev 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.2c00322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Itsuumi Okada
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
| | - Akihiko Tsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai-cho, Nada-ku, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
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Jiang Y, Song J, Zhu A. Gas-phase advanced oxidation (GPAO) for benzene-containing gas by an ultraviolet irradiation/hydrogen peroxide vapour (UV/[H 2O 2] g) process. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:16418-16426. [PMID: 34648160 PMCID: PMC8514807 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16920-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a remarkably strong oxidant, and its vapour ([H2O2]g) has further advantages, such as a low cost and good light transmission. However, there has been very little research on its removal through gas-phase advanced oxidation (GPAO). In the present study, the photochemical oxidation of a gas that contains a series of benzene derivatives using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation and [H2O2]g was investigated in a transparent bag made of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP). UV and [H2O2]g barely reduced the pollutant within 5 h when used alone, and the reactant was also stable. When the pollutant concentration was high (248 to 756 mg/m3) and the residence time was short (3 s) compared with related studies on the removal of benzene, toluene and xylene, the apparent removal rate by UV/[H2O2]g/(powder active carbon, PAC) was higher than when other methods (UV/[H2O2]g, UV/[H2O2]g/TiO2 and UV/[H2O2]g/ZnO), were used. However, it was found that the mineralization by UV/[H2O2]g significantly decreased, which in turn decreased the conductivity after the reaction. Increasing the pollutant concentration and the pH of the H2O2 had a negative effect on the treatment, but the UV radiation had a positive effect at powers of up to 40 W. In addition, the characteristic absorbance of three benzene derivatives showed that the key structure of the pollutant molecules was damaged during GPAO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuping Jiang
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Juanjuan Song
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Andong Zhu
- University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Zhongshan Institute, Zhongshan City, 528403, Guangdong Province, China
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Wang B, Yue Y, Pang X, Yu M, Wang T, Chang R, Pan Z, Zhao J, Li X. Nature of HCl oxidation Au anomalies and activation of non-carbon-material-supported Au catalyst. J Catal 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2021.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Sun X, Li C, Ren L, Wang W. Efficient mineralization of gaseous benzyl chloride by VUV/UV photodegradation in humid air. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:27520-27527. [PMID: 33512685 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11900-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
VUV/UV photodegradation technology, which is free of catalysts or oxidants, has been regarded as an efficient method to decompose gaseous VOCs. However, the mineralization of gaseous VOCs by VUV/UV photodegradation has seldom been discussed systematically. In this work, the mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air is comprehensively investigated and the potential contributors in the system (i.e., light wavelength, O2 and H2O) are discussed. As a result, more than 95.0% benzyl chloride is mineralized at 40 min in humid air with 80% relative humidity (RH) despite its initial concentrations (i.e., ranging from 4 to 20 ppm). It is found that both 185-nm VUV light and H2O significant contribute to the efficient mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air, while O2 only has a limited effect to the efficient mineralization of benzyl chloride in humid air. The introduction of H2O into the VUV/UV photodegradation can reduce the emission of ozone obviously. These findings are significant inspiration to application of the VUV/UV photodegradation technology on the treatment of gaseous VOCs in the actual air atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Sun
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chaolin Li
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Liyuan Ren
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Wenhui Wang
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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Wang Y, Zhang P. Effects of pH on photochemical decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid in different atmospheres by 185nm vacuum ultraviolet. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:2207-2214. [PMID: 25458674 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2013] [Revised: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), a persistent organic pollutant, receives increasing concerns due to its worldwide occurrence and resistance to most conventional treatment processes. The photochemical decomposition by 185nm vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) is one of the efficient methods for PFOA decomposition. The effects of pH on PFOA decomposition in nitrogen atmosphere or oxygen atmosphere were investigated. At its original pH (4.5) of PFOA aqueous solution, PFOA decomposed efficiently both in nitrogen and in oxygen atmosphere. However, when the pH increased to 12.0, PFOA decomposition was greatly inhibited in oxygen atmosphere, while it was greatly accelerated in nitrogen atmosphere with a very short half-life time (9min). Furthermore, fluorine atoms originally contained in PFOA molecules were almost completely transformed into fluoride ions. Two decomposition pathways have been proposed to explain the PFOA decomposition under different conditions. In acidic and neutral solutions, PFOA predominantly decomposes via the direct photolysis in both atmospheres; while in the alkaline solution and in the absence of oxygen, the decomposition of PFOA is mainly induced by hydrated electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, China.
| | - Pengyi Zhang
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Rifai A, Souissi Y, Genty C, Clavaguera C, Bourcier S, Jaber F, Bouchonnet S. Ultraviolet degradation of procymidone--structural characterization by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry and potential toxicity of photoproducts using in silico tests. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2013; 27:1505-1516. [PMID: 23722685 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Procymidone is a dicarboximide fungicide mainly used for vineyard protection but also for different crops. The structural elucidation of by-products arising from the UV-visible photodegradation of procymidone has been investigated by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The potential toxicities of photoproducts were estimated by in silico tests. METHODS Aqueous solutions of procymidone were irradiated for up to 90 min in a self-made reactor equipped with a mercury lamp. Analyses were carried out on a gas chromatograph coupled with an ion trap mass spectrometer operated in electron ionization and methanol positive chemical ionization. Multistage collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments were performed to establish dissociation pathways of ions. Toxicities of byproducts were estimated using the QSAR T.E.S.T. program. RESULTS Sixteen photoproducts were investigated. Chemical structures were proposed mainly based on the interpretation of multistage CID experiments, but also on their relative retention times and kinetics data. These structures enabled photodegradation pathways to be suggested. Only three photoproducts remain present after 90 min of irradiation. Among them, 3,5-dichloroaniline presents a predicted rat LD50 toxicity about ten times greater than that of procymidone. CONCLUSIONS 3,5-Dichloroaniline is the only photoproduct reported in previous articles. Eight by-products among the sixteen characterized might be as toxic, if not more, than procymidone itself considering the QSAR-predicted rat LD50.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Rifai
- Laboratoire des Mécanismes Réactionnels UMR-7651, Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France
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Alfredo NV, Jalapa NE, Morales SL, Ryabov AD, Le Lagadec R, Alexandrova L. Light-Driven Living/Controlled Radical Polymerization of Hydrophobic Monomers Catalyzed by Ruthenium(II) Metalacycles. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma3014383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Vargas Alfredo
- Instituto de Investigaciones
en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Noel Espinosa Jalapa
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510, México
D.F., Mexico
| | - Salvador Lopez Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones
en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510, México D.F., Mexico
| | - Alexander D. Ryabov
- Department of
Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University,
4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh,
Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Ronan Le Lagadec
- Instituto de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510, México
D.F., Mexico
| | - Larissa Alexandrova
- Instituto de Investigaciones
en Materiales, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Circuito Exterior s/n, Ciudad Universitaria,
04510, México D.F., Mexico
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Wang C, Xi JY, Hu HY. Chemical identification and acute biotoxicity assessment of gaseous chlorobenzene photodegradation products. CHEMOSPHERE 2008; 73:1167-1171. [PMID: 18774585 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.07.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2008] [Revised: 07/22/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In order to evaluate the ecological safety and feasibility of UV photodegradation processes for the treatment of halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, the chemical composition and acute biotoxicity of gaseous chlorobenzene photodegradation products were investigated. Results showed that the main products of chlorobenzene photodegradation included hydrochloric acid, acetic acid, formic acid, phenol and chlorophenol. Roughly 64% of the removed chlorobenzene was converted into phenol, making it the most significant product formed. The types of byproducts suggested that two distinct reaction pathways might compete during the photodegradation process. Interestingly, it appeared that one of these pathways did not involve the direct photocatalytic oxidation of chlorobenzene. An acute biotoxicity assay measuring the inhibition of bioluminescence indicated that gaseous exhaust with overall higher toxicity was emitted after UV irradiation. The acute toxicity of the UV reactor exhaust gas was as high as EC(50)=13.5mg-Zn(2+)m(-3-)-gas. The increased toxicity mainly resulted from the conversion of chlorobenzene to more soluble toxic products and ozone production during the photodegradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Wang
- Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control State Key Joint Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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Alapi T, Dombi A. Direct VUV photolysis of chlorinated methanes and their mixtures in an oxygen stream using an ozone producing low-pressure mercury vapour lamp. CHEMOSPHERE 2007; 67:693-701. [PMID: 17166560 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.10.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2006] [Revised: 10/28/2006] [Accepted: 10/30/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The gas-phase photooxidations of CCl(4), CHCl(3), CH(2)Cl(2) and their binary mixtures in an O(2) stream were studied in a flow reactor under various experimental conditions using a low-pressure mercury lamp as light source covered with a high-purity silica sleeve being used. The 184.9 nm VUV irradiation emitted is responsible for the Cl-C bond rupture in the chlorinated methanes and for the formation of O(3) from O(2). The rate of degradation of H-containing chlorinated methanes increased sharply on increase of their initial concentrations, most probably of a (*)Cl chain reaction, as indicated by the increase in the molar ratio of the amount of HCl formed to the amount of H-containing target substance decomposed. The experimental results suggested that the further transformations of the radicals and products formed play an important role as (*)Cl sources, causing a considerably higher rate of decomposition of the H-containing target substances. In a humidified O(2) stream, the (*)OH formed opens up another route for oxidation of the target substances. Thus, the rates of degradation of CH(2)Cl(2) and CHCl(3) increased on increase of the relative humidity, whereas the water vapour had no effect at all on the decomposition of CCl(4). At the same time, competition occurs between (*)Cl or (*)OH for reactions with the target substance. The photooxidation of binary mixtures was investigated too. The addition of CCl(4) or CHCl(3) to CH(2)Cl(2) strongly increased its degradation rate. The addition of CH(2)Cl(2) did not have a considerable effect on the rate of degradation of CHCl(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Alapi
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 440, H-6701 Szeged, Hungary
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