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Abstract
Guanidinoacetate (GAA) is a naturally occurring amino acid derivative and the direct precursor of creatine, which is widely used in feed additives and the pharmaceutical industry. The current industrial synthesis of GAA is based on chemical methods, which limits the application of GAA. Here, a biological approach is developed for food safety GAA production via whole-cell biocatalysis by the generally regarded as safe (GRAS) bacterium Bacillus subtilis. First, we introduced a heterologous arginine: glycine amidinotransferase (AgaT) from Amycolatopsis kentuckyensis into B. subtilis and optimized its expression level using strategies including: promoter optimization, ribosome binding site (RBS) and N-terminal coding sequence (NCS) screening. In order to alleviate the waste of arginine and the inhibition of AgaT by ornithine, we optimized the natural ornithine cycle in B. subtilis. At the same time, the first gene in the glycine degradation pathway was knocked out. After optimization using these strategies, the titer of GAA was 4.26 g/L with a productivity of 0.21 g/L/h in 20 h, which provides a new method for the biosynthesis of GAA.
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Liu L, Chen YZ, Zhang SS, Chen XP, Lin GQ, Yin H, Feng CG, Zhang F. Multiplexed Analysis of Endogenous Guanidino Compounds via Isotope-Coded Doubly Charged Labeling: Application to Lung Cancer Tissues as a Case. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16862-16872. [PMID: 34894659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c03835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Endogenous guanidino compounds (GCs), nitrogen-containing metabolites, have very important physiological activities and participate in biochemical processes. Therefore, accurately characterizing the distribution of endogenous GCs and monitoring their concentration variations are of great significance. In this work, a new derivatization reagent, 4,4'-bis[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]benzyl (BDMAPB), with isotope-coded reagents was designed and synthesized for doubly charged labeling of GCs. BDMAPB-derivatized GCs not only promote the MS signal but also form multicharged quasimolecular ions and abundant fragment ions. With this reagent, an isotope-coded doubly charged labeling (ICDCL) strategy was developed for endogenous GCs with high-resolution liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LC-QTOF MS). The core of this methodology is a 4-fold multiplexed set of [d0]-/[d4]-/[d8]-/[d12]-BDMAPB that yields isotope-coded derivatized GCs. Following a methodological assessment, good linear responses in the range of 25 nM to 1 μM with correlation coefficients over 0.99 were achieved. The limit of detection and the limit of quantitation were below 5 and 25 nM, respectively. The intra- and interday precisions were less than 18%, and the accuracy was in the range of 77.3-122.0%. The percentage recovery in tissues was in the range of 85.1-113.7%. The results indicate that the developed method facilitates long-term testing and ensures accuracy and reliability. Finally, the method was applied for the simultaneous analysis of endogenous GCs in four types of lung tissues (solid adenocarcinoma, solid squamous-cell carcinoma, ground-glass carcinoma, and paracancerous tissues) for absolute quantification, nontargeted screening, and metabolic difference analysis. It is strongly believed that ICDCL combined with isotope-coded BDMAPB will benefit the analysis and study of endogenous GCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Yan-Zhen Chen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Shu-Sheng Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Guo-Qiang Lin
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Hang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, P. R. China
| | - Chen-Guo Feng
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
| | - Fang Zhang
- The Research Center of Chiral Drugs, Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Zhou H, Tao Y, Lin B. Reconstitution of the Ornithine Cycle with Arginine:Glycine Amidinotransferase to Engineer Escherichia coli into an Efficient Whole-Cell Catalyst of Guanidinoacetate. ACS Synth Biol 2020; 9:2066-2075. [PMID: 32702969 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.0c00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Guanidino compounds can be synthesized by transamidination reactions using arginine as a guanidine group donor. The efficiency of guanidino biosynthesis is often affected by the supply of arginine and the inhibition of the coproduct ornithine. To alleviate this shortcoming, we designed a reconstituted ornithine cycle in Escherichia coli to engineer an efficient whole-cell catalyst for guanidinoacetate (GAA) production by introducing a heterogeneous arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT). To alleviate the inhibition of ornithine, a citrulline synthetic module was constructed and optimized by introducing a glutamine self-sufficient system. Then, to improve the pathway from citrulline to arginine, an aspartate self-sufficient system was introduced into the arginine synthetic module. By combining these modules (GAA, citrulline, and arginine synthetic modules), a reconstituted ornithine cycle was developed, which significantly improved the biocatalyst efficiency (3.9-fold increase). In the system, arginine was regenerated efficiently through the reconstituted ornithine cycle, which converted arginine from a substrate to a cofactor for the transamidination reaction, thereby relieving the ornithine inhibition. Moreover, the amidino group of GAA in this system was mainly supplied by carbon and nitrogen assimilation. After the engineering process, 8.61 g/L GAA (73.56 mM) with a productivity of 0.39 g/L/h was achieved in a 22 h bioconversion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that GAA has been produced in E. coli. This reconstructed ornithine cycle could be used as a transamidination platform for amidino group supply and has potential applications in the biosynthesis of other guanidino compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwen Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yong Tao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baixue Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Microbial Physiological and Metabolic Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cullen A, Pearson LA, Mazmouz R, Liu T, Soeriyadi AH, Ongley SE, Neilan BA. Heterologous expression and biochemical characterisation of cyanotoxin biosynthesis pathways. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:1117-1136. [DOI: 10.1039/c8np00063h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses cyanotoxin biosynthetic pathways and highlights the heterologous expression and biochemical studies used to characterise them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alescia Cullen
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Leanne A. Pearson
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Rabia Mazmouz
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Tianzhe Liu
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Angela H. Soeriyadi
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences
- The University of New South Wales
- Sydney 2052
- Australia
| | - Sarah E. Ongley
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
| | - Brett A. Neilan
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences
- University of Newcastle
- Callaghan 2308
- Australia
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Barón-Sola Á, Fernández Del Campo F, Sanz-Alférez S. Influence of Glycine and Arginine on Cylindrospermopsin Production and aoa Gene Expression in Aphanizomenon ovalisporum. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:toxins9110355. [PMID: 29104251 PMCID: PMC5705970 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9110355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Arginine (Arg) and glycine (Gly) seem to be the only substrates accepted by the amidinotransferase that catalyze the first step of the synthesis pathway of the cyanotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN), leading to guanidinoacetate (GAA). Here, the effect of these amino acids on the production of CYN in cultures of the cylindrospermopsin-producing strain, Aphanizomenon ovalisporum UAM-MAO, has been studied. Arg clearly increased CYN content, the increment appearing triphasic along the culture. On the contrary, Gly caused a decrease of CYN, observable from the first day on. Interestingly, the transcript of the gene ntcA, key in nitrogen metabolism control, was also enhanced in the presence of Arg and/or Gly, the trend of the transcript oscillations being like that of aoa/cyr. The inhibitory effect of Gly in CYN production seems not to result from diminishing the activity of genes considered involved in CYN synthesis, since Gly, as Arg, enhance the transcription of genes aoaA-C and cyrJ. On the other hand, culture growth is affected by Arg and Gly in a similar way to CYN production, with Arg stimulating and Gly impairing it. Taken together, our data show that the influence of both Arg and Gly on CYN changes seems not to be due to a specific effect on the first step of CYN synthesis; it rather appears to be the result of changes in the physiological cell status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Barón-Sola
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Soledad Sanz-Alférez
- Departament of Biology, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Rzymski P, Poniedziałek B, Mankiewicz-Boczek J, Faassen EJ, Jurczak T, Gągała-Borowska I, Ballot A, Lürling M, Kokociński M. Polyphasic toxicological screening of Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and Aphanizomenon gracile isolated in Poland. ALGAL RES 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Berlinck RGS, Bertonha AF, Takaki M, Rodriguez JPG. The chemistry and biology of guanidine natural products. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:1264-1301. [DOI: 10.1039/c7np00037e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry and biology of natural guanidines isolated from microbial culture media, from marine invertebrates, as well as from terrestrial plants and animals, are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ariane F. Bertonha
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
| | - Mirelle Takaki
- Instituto de Química de São Carlos
- Universidade de São Paulo
- São Carlos
- Brazil
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