1
|
Yaseen T, Hajjar MJ, Baogen G. High hazzard pesticides (HHPs) in Near East and North Africa (NENA), constrains and recommendations to mitigate the risk of HHPs. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:1133-1151. [PMID: 35915308 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-22023-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This study presents an overview of the current situation of highly hazardous pesticides (HHPs) in North Africa and Near East countries (NENA). This work reviews the registered pesticides in the region and identify HHPs being used according to the criteria 1-8 for HHPs of FAO/WHO Guidelines on HHPs. In addition, to identify the weakness and the need of the region to mitigate the risk from the use of HHPs, the report ended with recommendations needed in the region to improve the pesticide managements and registration, such as improving the agricultural practices by adopting the integrated pest management IPM and including replacing HHPs with ecosystem-friendly alternatives if available. The total number of pesticides registered and used in NENA region is 642 active ingredients (IA). Eighty-nine HHPs are still in use in NENA region and 50% of them are evaluated under 1-7 criteria of GHS HHPs. This evaluation shows that 50% of HHPs are insecticides, 22% fungicides, 10% herbicides, 8% nematocides, and 10% rodenticides. The rest of 38 HHPs are identified under criteria 8. This high number of HHPs still in use in some NENA countries urges the need of technical assistance to reduce the use of HHPs. The type of assistant varies from country to other; to identify the priority of technical and legal assistant needed, a country-based assessments must be carried out at the near future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thaer Yaseen
- FAO, Regional Office for the Near East and North Africa Region, 11 Al Eslah El Zerai St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Gu Baogen
- FAO, Pest and Pesticide Management, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Keswani C, Dilnashin H, Birla H, Roy P, Tyagi RK, Singh D, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Singh SP. Global footprints of organochlorine pesticides: a pan-global survey. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2022; 44:149-177. [PMID: 34027568 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-00946-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous environmental contaminants widely used all over the world. These chlorinated hydrocarbons are toxic and often cause detrimental health effects because of their long shelf life and bioaccumulation in the adipose tissues of primates. OCP exposure to humans occurs through skin, inhalation and contaminated foods including milk and dairy products, whereas developing fetus and neonates are exposed through placental transfer and lactation, respectively. In 1960s, OCPs were banned in most developed countries, but because they are cheap and easily available, they are still widely used in most third world countries. The overuse or misuse of OCPs has been rising continuously which pose threats to environmental and human health. This review reports the comparative occurrence of OCPs in human and bovine milk samples around the globe and portrays the negative impacts encountered through the long history of OCP use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chetan Keswani
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hagera Dilnashin
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Hareram Birla
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Partha Roy
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology-Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Rakesh K Tyagi
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Dheer Singh
- Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, India
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, 344006, Russia
| | - Surya P Singh
- Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Li S, Shao W, Wang C, Wang L, Xia R, Yao S, Du M, Ji X, Chu H, Zhang Z, Wang M, Wang SL. Identification of common genetic variants associated with serum concentrations of p, p'-DDE in non-occupational populations in eastern China. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2021; 152:106507. [PMID: 33756427 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2021.106507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE) is the major and most stable toxic metabolite of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), a well-known organochlorine pesticide banned worldwide in the 1980s. However, it remains easy to detect in humans, and internal levels vary widely among individuals. In the present study, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (511 subjects) and two replications (812 and 1030 subjects) were performed in non-occupational populations in eastern China. An estimated dietary intake (EDI) of p, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE was calculated by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and the determination of 195 food and 85 drinking water samples. In addition, functional verifications of susceptible loci were performed by dual-luciferase reporter, immunoblotting and metabolic activity assays in vitro. p, p'-DDT and p, p'-DDE were measured using gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). A common loci rs3181842 (high linkage equilibrium with rs2279345) in CYP2B6 at 19p13.2 were found to be strongly associated with low serum levels of p, p'-DDE in this population in GWAS and were verified by two replications and combined analysis of 2353 subjects (P = 1.00 × 10-22). In addition, p, p'-DDE levels were significantly lower in subjects with the rs3181842 C allele than in those carrying the normal genotype, even in individuals with similar EDIs of p, p'-DDT. Furthermore, the rs3181842 C allele functionally led to low CYP2B6 expression and activity, resulting in a low metabolic capacity for the formation of p, p'-DDE from p, p'-DDT. The study highlighted that CYP2B6 variants were more relevant than environmental exposure to internal p, p'-DDE exposure, which is important information for DDT risk assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shushu Li
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Changzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 203 Taishan Road, Changzhou, 213022, PR China
| | - Wei Shao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Rong Xia
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Shen Yao
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Mulong Du
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Haiyan Chu
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Zhengdong Zhang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Meilin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| | - Shou-Lin Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Toxicology of Ministry of Education, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China; State Key Lab of Reproductive Medicine, Institute of Toxicology, Nanjing Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing 211166, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El-Saeid MH, Hassanin AS, Bazeyad AY. Levels of pesticide residues in breast milk and the associated risk assessment. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:3741-3744. [PMID: 34220226 PMCID: PMC8241607 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the types and levels of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) present in the human milk collected from cities in eastern and central Saudi Arabia. This study is part of assessment of various persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk in four cities of eastern and central Saudi Arabia, namely, Riyadh, Al-Kharj, Al-Jobail and Al-Dammam. Milk samples were collected from 50 donors according to the WHO/UNEP protocol for monitoring human milk for POPs. The OCPs in each of the 50 milk samples were analyzed using as triple quadrupole gas chromatography mass spectrometry-mass spectrometry detection (GC–MS/MS). Quality assurance included the analysis of blank, spiked and reference samples. Sixteen different OCPs were identified namely: aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, hexachlorobenzene, alpha, beta, gamma and delta hexachlorocycohexame, pp’-,op’-DDT, pp’-DDE, pp’-DDD, alpha and gamma chlordane, heptachlor, mirex and methoxychlor. The results of the analysis OCPs in human milk samples indicated that the tested positive samples for one or more pesticide at the limits of determination used in this study. As required by the Stockholm Convention on POPs, the levels of certain POPs in human milk will serve as an indicator of the effectiveness of the treaty in eliminating or reducing emissions of selected POPs. This study contributes to that effort by providing seline data on current levels of OPCs in human milk in Saudi Arabia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed H El-Saeid
- Chromatographic Analysis Unit, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf S Hassanin
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulqader Y Bazeyad
- Plant Protection Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Souza RC, Portella RB, Almeida PVNB, Pinto CO, Gubert P, Santos da Silva JD, Nakamura TC, do Rego EL. Human milk contamination by nine organochlorine pesticide residues (OCPs). JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART. B, PESTICIDES, FOOD CONTAMINANTS, AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES 2020; 55:530-538. [PMID: 32525731 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2020.1729630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely used around the world as insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, nematicides, and rodenticides. Despite banned in Brazil, the usage remains occurring in many countries. The persistence and extreme mobility of OCPs contribute to the contamination of the environment and the human body. The OCPs bioaccumulation in adipose tissue triggers the excretion into human milk during breastfeeding. Hence, the present study determined eighteen OCPs residues in the breast milk of mothers from the Western Region of Bahia State, Brazil. Nine different residue species were found, including beta-Hexachlorocyclohexane (9.24 ± 0.00 ng g-1 fat), delta- Hexachlorocyclohexane (22.15 ± 10.48 ng g-1 fat), Heptachlor (58.08 ± 74.13 ng g-1 fat), Aldrin (142.65 ± 50.65 ng g-1 fat), Dieldrin (774.62 ± 472.68 ng g-1 fat), Endosulfan I (408.44 ± 245.51 ng g-1 fat), Dichloro-diphenyl-dichloro-ethylene (29.17 ± 22.42 ng g-1 fat), Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloro-ethane (28.87 ± 0.00 ng g-1 fat) and Methoxychlor (1699.67 ± 797.43 ng g-1 fat). The Methoxychlor presence in all samples may reveal a recent exposure, while Dieldrin and Endosulfan I analyses can point to distant past exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raiane Costa Souza
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Federal University of Western Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | | | - Caroline Oliveira Pinto
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Priscila Gubert
- Postgraduate Program in Pure and Applied Chemistry, Federal University of Western of Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Enoc Lima do Rego
- Chemistry Institute - IQ, University of Brasília - UnB, Brasília, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
|
7
|
Al-Saleh I, Al-Mohawes S, Al-Rouqi R, Elkhatib R. Selenium status in lactating mothers-infants and its potential protective role against the neurotoxicity of methylmercury, lead, manganese, and DDT. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2019; 176:108562. [PMID: 31280027 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2019.108562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/26/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
A total of 206 lactating mothers and their infants (3-12 months) were included in this study to evaluate postnatal exposure to neurotoxic pollutants such as methylmercury (MeHg), lead (Pb), manganese (Mn), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites [dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane (DDD), and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE)] and their association with delayed neurological development and to explore the protective role of selenium (Se) against chemical neurotoxicity. Neurodevelopmental performance was evaluated using Denver Developmental Screening Test II and Parents' Evaluation of Developmental Status (PEDS). Multivariate log-binomial regression modeling was applied for both single and multiple exposures to chemicals using a principal component analysis that generated six principal components. Both mothers and their infants had been exposed to metals and DDT metabolites, with some exceeding the accepted permissible limits. The geometric means of MeHg, Pb, Mn, DDD, DDE and DDT levels in breast milk were 1.333, 45.327, 15.576, 0.069, 0.542 and 1.08 μg/l, respectively. A single-exposure model identified a high risk of reduced PEDS performance significantly associated with DDD in breast milk [relative risk (RR) = 1.484; 95% confidence interval (95%CI) = 1.091-2.019] and marginally significantly associated with Pb in the mothers' blood (RR = 2.164; 95%CI = 0.87-5.382). We did not find a protective role of Se in neurodevelopment due to its high levels in the mothers. Models of multi-chemical exposure indicated that Mn in blood and breast milk, Se in blood and Pb in the mothers' urine were marginally significantly associated with a high risk of reduced PEDS performance (RR = 0.424; 95%CI = 0.176-1.022). The use of multi-chemical exposure approach in early life risk assessments is important because it indicates real-world exposure. Our results were not conclusive because the sample size was small, so future studies examining the implications to health of the impact of prenatal/postnatal exposure to a mixture of chemicals in the Saudi population are merited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iman Al-Saleh
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia.
| | | | - Reem Al-Rouqi
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rola Elkhatib
- Environmental Health Program, Research Centre, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, PO Box: 3354, Riyadh, 11211, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
ÇAKIR O. Chlorpyrifos Detection with Molecular Imprinted Based Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) Sensors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.21597/jist.451256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
9
|
ÇAKIR O, BAKHSHPOUR M, YILMAZ F, BAYSAL Z. Preparation of Nanoparticle-Amplified Surface Plasmon Resonance Sensors Based on Molecular Imprinting for Pesticide Determination. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.21597/jist.458636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
10
|
Chen MW, Santos HM, Que DE, Gou YY, Tayo LL, Hsu YC, Chen YB, Chen FA, Chao HR, Huang KL. Association between Organochlorine Pesticide Levels in Breast Milk and Their Effects on Female Reproduction in a Taiwanese Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15050931. [PMID: 29735922 PMCID: PMC5981970 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15050931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Only few studies have focused on organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in breast milk and the related health risks for women in Taiwan. Our goal is to examine breast milk OCPs and their associations with female reproductive function (infertility, gynecological diseases, and menstruation characteristics) as well as their correlation with sociodemographic parameters (age, pre-pregnant body mass index (BMI), annual incomes, population, birth year, and parity) and dietary habit. The breast milk samples were collected in southern Taiwan (n = 68) from 2013 to 2016 and the OCP residues were analyzed using high resolution gas chromatography with low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS). The results show that the most abundant OCP residues in the breast milk was ΣDDT with the geometric mean ± standard deviation of 9.81 ± 7.52 ng−1 lipid−1 followed by ΣHCH (0.539 ± 0.557 ng−1·lipid−1). In the principal component analysis, cis-chlordane (cis-CHL) and γ-HCH were found to be related to participants who received medical treatment for infertility, and 4,4′-DDT was associated with those who received gynecological surgery. The logistic regression showed that the odds ratio (OR) of log γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (γ-HCH) was higher for mothers who had received medical treatment for infertility than for the normal group (OR = 25.6, p = 0.035) after adjustments for age, pre-pregnant BMI, annual income, population (i.e., native-born Taiwanese), birth year, and parity. Cow milk and beef consumption as well as menstruation characteristics such as average menstrual period (>5 days), shortest menstrual period (<3 days), and women who had taken hormonal drugs were significantly associated to several OCP residues in the breast milk. In addition, ΣHCH including β-HCH and γ-HCH was correlated with annual family income and gravidity as well as cow milk and beef consumptions. Overall, γ-HCH exhibited a probable association with the infertility diseases of Taiwanese women, and dietary habit might play an important role in the female Taiwanese exposure to OCPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Men-Wen Chen
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
| | - Harvey M Santos
- School of Chemical Biological, and materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa university, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines.
| | - Danielle E Que
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 701, Taiwan.
| | - Yan-You Gou
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
| | - Lemmuel L Tayo
- School of Chemical Biological, and materials Engineering and Sciences, Mapúa university, Muralla St., Intramuros, Manila 1002, Philippines.
| | - Yi-Chyun Hsu
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan City 710, Taiwan.
| | - Young-Bin Chen
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
| | - Fu-An Chen
- Department of Pharmacy & Graduate, Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
- Institute of Food Safety Management, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lin Huang
- Emerging Compounds Research Center, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Neipu, Pingtung County 912, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Residue behavior of organochlorine pesticides during the production process of yogurt and cheese. Food Chem 2018; 245:119-124. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
12
|
Muñiz S, Gonzalvo P, Valdehita A, Molina-Molina JM, Navas JM, Olea N, Fernández-Cascán J, Navarro E. Ecotoxicological assessment of soils polluted with chemical waste from lindane production: Use of bacterial communities and earthworms as bioremediation tools. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 145:539-548. [PMID: 28787615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.07.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An ecotoxicological survey of soils that were polluted with wastes from lindane (γ-HCH) production assessed the effects of organochlorine compounds on the metabolism of microbial communities and the toxicity of these compounds to a native earthworm (Allolobophora chlorotica). Furthermore, the bioremediation role of earthworms as facilitators of soil washing and the microbial degradation of these organic pollutants were also studied. Soil samples that presented the highest concentrations of ε-HCH, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, pentachlorobenzene and γ-HCH were extremely toxic to earthworms in the short term, causing the death of almost half of the population. In addition, these soils inhibited the heterotrophic metabolic activity of the microbial community. These highly polluted samples also presented substances that were able to activate cellular detoxification mechanisms (measured as EROD and BFCOD activities), as well as compounds that were able to cause endocrine disruption. A few days of earthworm activity increased the extractability of HCH isomers (e.g., γ-HCH), facilitating the biodegradation of organochlorine compounds and reducing the intensity of endocrine disruption in soils that had low or medium contamination levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selene Muñiz
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). Av. Montañana 1005, CP 50059 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Pilar Gonzalvo
- Sociedad Aragonesa de Gestión Agroambiental (SARGA). Avda. de Ranillas 5, Edificio A, 3° planta, CP 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana Valdehita
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Carretera de la Coruña, km 7,5, CP 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Manuel Molina-Molina
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, CP 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), CP 18071 Granada, Spain; Unidad de apoyo a la investigación, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, CP 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - José María Navas
- Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA). Carretera de la Coruña, km 7,5, CP 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Nicolás Olea
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, CP 18012 Granada, Spain; CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), CP 18071 Granada, Spain; Unidad de apoyo a la investigación, Hospital Universitario San Cecilio, Universidad de Granada, CP 18012 Granada, Spain
| | - Jesús Fernández-Cascán
- Departamento de Desarrollo Rural y Sostenibilidad(Gobierno de Aragón), Plaza San Pedro Nolasco, CP 50071 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Enrique Navarro
- Pyrenean Institute of Ecology (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas). Av. Montañana 1005, CP 50059 Zaragoza, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Limon-Miro AT, Aldana-Madrid ML, Alvarez-Hernandez G, Antunez-Roman LE, Rodriguez-Olibarria G, Valencia Juillerat ME. Breast milk intake and mother to infant pesticide transfer measured by deuterium oxide dilution in agricultural and urban areas of Mexico. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 181:682-689. [PMID: 28476008 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.04.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases have increased pesticide use in urban areas (UA) and agricultural areas (AA) in Mexico. Breast milk can be contaminated by pesticide exposure. The objective of the study was to measure breast milk intake by deuterium oxide dilution as well as organochlorine and pyrethroid transfer from mother to infant in AA and UA of Sonora, Mexico. Human milk intake was determined by the 'dose-to-mother' technique using deuterium oxide (D2O) dilution. Mothers' body composition was also assessed by this technique and the intercept method. Pyrethroids (deltamethrin, cypermethrin and cyhalothrin) and organochlorine pesticide residues (p,p'- DDT, p,p'- DDE, p,p'- DDD) in breast milk samples were measured by gas chromatography. Sixty-two lactating women and their infants participated in the study, 32 lived in the UA and 30 lived in the AA. Breast milk intake was approximately 100 mL higher in the AA than in the UA 799 ± 193 and 707 ± 201 mL/day, respectively (p < 0.05). The concentrations of p,p'- DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA than in the AA (p < 0.05 and p = 0.001, respectively). None of the pyrethroids and organochlorine pesticides studied surpassed the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) in milk for humans according to EPA and FAO/WHO. In conclusion, breast milk intake was higher in the AA compared to the UA. The p,p'- DDT and cypermethrin levels in breast milk were higher in the UA compared to the AA. Since pesticide levels in human milk did not exceed the ADI, breastfeeding is still a safe practice and should be encouraged.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauro E Valencia Juillerat
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Sonora, Mexico; Department of Nutrition, Centro de Investigacion en Alimentacion y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| |
Collapse
|