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Danaee S, Naghoosi H, Badali Varzaghani N, Vo PHN. Biodegradation of human faecal sludge for photosynthetic bioelectricity generation and seawater desalination in a microbial desalination cell. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2024; 45:4887-4899. [PMID: 37965746 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2023.2283406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACTInaccessibility and expensiveness of vital infrastructures are the main problems in some urban and rural areas to supply fresh water, sustainable energy, and wastewater treatment. An effective solution is the integration of several systems in an environmentally friendly technology of the photosynthetic microbial desalination cell (PMDC). The aim of this study is to assess the process characterisation of an algae-based PMDC, which was loaded with a high-strength mixture of human feces and urine (HFS). The PMDC was also able to efficiently remove COD and total nitrogen of HFS by 50% and 94%, respectively. The maximum power density, voltage, and desalination efficiency of 362.5 mW/m², 175.2 mV, and 60% were accomplished. Adequate parameter adjustment led to a remarkable maximum of 2.25 g/L.d in the ion removal rate. In addition, an energy balance was governed showing that zero or positive net energy in PMDC is feasible by replacing the main energy consumers. Based on the results, this type of MDC had a high efficiency for simultaneous saline water desalination and HFS treatment, which makes it attractive for further studies of upscaling and its application in remote areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soroosh Danaee
- Biotechnology Department, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Naghoosi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neda Badali Varzaghani
- Department of Chemical Technologies, Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Phong H N Vo
- Climate Change Cluster, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
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Chakraborty S, Mondal S. Halotolerant Citrobacter sp. remediates salinity stress and promotes the growth of Vigna radiata (L) by secreting extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and biofilm formation: a novel active cell for microbial desalination cell (MDC). Int Microbiol 2024; 27:291-301. [PMID: 37329438 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00386-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
To address soil salinization and its impact on crop production, microbial desalination cells (MDCs) offer a promising solution. These bioelectrochemical systems integrate desalination and wastewater treatment through microbial activity. A halotolerant beneficial bacterial strain called Citrobacter sp. strain KUT (CKUT) was isolated from India's salt desert Run of Kutch, Gujrat, highlighting its potential application in combating soil salinization. CKUT exhibits high salt tolerance and has the ability to produce extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) at a concentration of 0.04 mg/ml. It forms biofilm that enable it to withstand up to 10% NaCl concentration. Additionally, CKUT shows promise in remediating salinity levels, reducing it from 4.5 to 2.7 gL-1. These characteristics are driven by biofilm formation and EPS production. In an experiment where V. radiata L. seedlings were inoculated with CKUT, the treated plants exhibited enhanced chlorophyll content, growth, and overall plant characteristics compared to seedlings treated with sodium chloride (NaCl). These improvements included increased shoot length (150 mm), root length (40 mm), and biomass. This indicates that CKUT treatment has the potential to enhance the suitability of V. radiata and other crops for cultivation in saline lands, effectively addressing the issue of soil salinization. Furthermore, integrating CKUT into microbial desalination cells (MDCs) offers an opportunity for freshwater production from seawater, contributing to sustainable agriculture by promoting improved crop growth and increased yield in areas prone to salinity. HIGHLIGHTS : • Soil salinization reduces crop yield, including Vigna radiata L. • Citrobacter sp. strain KUT (CKUT) is a halotolerant bacterium isolated from the salt desert Run of Kutch, Gujarat, which can tolerate high salt concentrations. • CKUT mitigates salinity by producing extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and forming biofilms. • CKUT treatment demonstrated increased plant growth, biomass, and chlorophyll content under salinity stress, showcasing its potential in microbial desalination cell (MDC) for enhancing crop yield in salinized soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohini Chakraborty
- Department of Microbiology, Techno India University, EM 4, Salt Lake, Sector V, Kolkata, 700091, India
| | - Sandhimita Mondal
- Department of Biotechnology, Brainware University, 398 Ramkrishnapur Road, Barasat, North 24 Pgs, Kolkata, 700125, West Bengal, India.
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Aber S, Shi Z, Xing K, Rameezdeen R, Chow CWK, Hagare D, Jindal T. Microbial Desalination Cell for Sustainable Water Treatment: A Critical Review. GLOBAL CHALLENGES (HOBOKEN, NJ) 2023; 7:2300138. [PMID: 37829683 PMCID: PMC10566805 DOI: 10.1002/gch2.202300138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
In view of increasing threats arising from the shortage of fresh water, there is an urgent need to propose sustainable technologies for the exploitation of unconventional water sources. As a derivative of microbial fuel cells (MFCs), microbial desalination cell (MDC) has the potential of desalinating saline/brackish water while simultaneously generating electricity, as well as treating wastewater. Therefore, it is worth investigating its practicability as a potential sustainable desalination technology. This review article first introduces the fundamentals and annual trends of MDCs. The desalination of diverse types of solutions using MDCs along with their life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) and economic analysis is studied later. Finally, limitations and areas for improvement, prospects, and potential applications of this technology are discussed. Due to the great advantages of MDCs, improving their design, building materials, efficiency, and throughput will offer them as a significant alternative to the current desalination technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheil Aber
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM)UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia
| | - Zhining Shi
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM)UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia
| | - Ke Xing
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM)UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia
| | - Raufdeen Rameezdeen
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM)UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia
| | - Christopher W. K. Chow
- Sustainable Infrastructure and Resource Management (SIRM)UniSA STEMUniversity of South AustraliaMawson LakesSA5095Australia
| | - Dharmappa Hagare
- School of Engineering, Design and Built EnvironmentWestern Sydney UniversityPenrithNSW2751Australia
| | - Tanu Jindal
- Amity Institute of Environmental Toxicology, Safety and ManagementAmity UniversityNoida201303India
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Elnahas M, Elawwad A, Ghallab A, Ettouney R, El-Rifai M. An integrated MDC-FO membrane configuration for simultaneous desalination, wastewater treatment and energy recovery. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17038-17050. [PMID: 37288372 PMCID: PMC10243461 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00149k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel microbial desalination cell (MDC) configuration was developed by introducing a forward osmosis (FO) membrane, separating the cathode chamber from a fourth extra chamber. Wastewater is treated using a sequential anode-cathode feed. The new chamber then serves as a FO draw chamber, where a saline solution is used to recover freshwater from the adjacent cathode chamber. The diluted saline solution then goes to the MDC middle chamber for further desalination. Three identical cells were constructed and operated in cyclic-batch-flow mode at different initial wastewater and saline solution concentrations. Up to 84.8 ± 1.7% of the wastewater was recovered as freshwater. Freshwater recovery decreases at lower salt concentrations and higher wastewater COD concentrations due to the lower osmotic pressure difference. Salinity of saline water was decreased by up to 69.57 ± 3.85% at the highest initial salinity. COD removal up to 94.42 ± 4.15% was reached. COD removal rates were higher at higher COD concentrations. Polarization curves show the effect of COD on the internal resistance, where cells operated at lower COD experienced higher internal resistance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images revealed the extent of fouling on the ion exchange membrane and biofilm formation on the FO membranes and the electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Elnahas
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Abdelsalam Elawwad
- Environmental Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Ayat Ghallab
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Reem Ettouney
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
| | - Mahmoud El-Rifai
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University Cairo University St. Giza 12613 Egypt
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Danaeifar M, Ocheje OM, Mazlomi MA. Exploitation of renewable energy sources for water desalination using biological tools. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:32193-32213. [PMID: 36725802 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-25642-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The emerging impacts of climate change and the growing world population are driving the demand for more food resources and creating an urgent need for new water resources. About 93% of Earth's surface is made up of water bodies, mainly oceans. Seawater attracted a lot of attention in order to be used as a sustainable source of usable water. However, an essential step in harnessing this source of water is desalination. Utilizing renewable sources of energy, biology offers several tools for removal of salts. This article for the first time reviews all currently available biological water desalination tools and compares their efficiency with industrial systems. Bacteria are employed as electrical power generators to provide the energy needed for desalination in microbial desalination cells. Its salt removal efficiency varied from 0.8 to 30 g/L/d. Many strains of algal cells can grow in high concentrations of salts, adsorb and accumulate it inside the cell, and therefore could be used without prior treatment for seawater desalination. This biological tool can yield salt removal efficiency of 0.4-5 g/L/d. Biopolymers are also used for treatment of seawater through enhancing water evaporation as a component of solar steam generators. Despite significant advances in biological water desalination, further modifications and improvements are still needed to make its use sustainable and cost-effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Danaeifar
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Onuche Musa Ocheje
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Ali Mazlomi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhou X, Yan G, Majdi HS, Le BN, Khadimallah MA, Ali HE, Assilzadeh H. Spotlighting of microbial electrodeionization cells for sustainable wastewater treatment: Application of machine learning. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115113. [PMID: 36574799 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Microbial electrodeionization cells (MECs) have been investigated for various potential applications, including the elimination of persistent pollutants, chemical synthesis, the recovery of resources, and the development of biosensors. Nevertheless, MEC technology is still developing, and practical large-scale applications face significant obstacles. This review aims to investigate MEC implementations in sustainable wastewater treatment. Ideas and concepts of MEC technology, the setup of the electrodeionization component, the membranes of MECs, the working mechanism of MECs, and the various microorganisms used in MECs are discussed. Additionally, difficulties and prospective outcomes were discussed. The goal of this review is to support scientists and engineers in fully grasping the most recent developments in MEC technologies and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Zhou
- School of Intelligent Construction, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Low-carbon Technology, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China
| | - Gongxing Yan
- School of Intelligent Construction, Luzhou Vocational and Technical College, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, China; Luzhou Key Laboratory of Intelligent Construction and Low-carbon Technology, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China.
| | - Hasan Sh Majdi
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum Industries, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 51001, Iraq
| | - Binh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; School of Engineering & Technology, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
| | - Mohamed Amine Khadimallah
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering in Al-Kharj, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - H Elhosiny Ali
- Advanced Functional Materials & Optoelectronic Laboratory (AFMOL), Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, Egypt
| | - Hamid Assilzadeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, 600 077, India
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Yang Z, Li Y, Zhan Z, Song Y, Zhang L, Jin Y, Xu L, Wang J, Shen X, Liu L, Chen F. Enhanced power generation, organics removal and water desalination in a microbial desalination cell (MDC) with flow electrodes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159914. [PMID: 36343800 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study introduced a flow electrode microbial desalination cell (FE-MDC), which used activated carbon (AC) particles and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as the electrode to promote electron harvesting. The recovered electricity energy (0.371 KWh/m3) and columbic efficiency (66.7 %) of the FE-MDC were over 2 times higher than those of the conventional MDC without the flow electrode. Consequently, the salt and COD removal efficiencies were enhanced to 77.8 % and 91.2 %, respectively. Electrochemical analysis implied that the charge transfer resistance of the system was reduced by the flow electrode. Electron accumulation and charging-discharging experiments proved that the flow electrode could accumulate electrons and transfer the electrons to the fixed anode. Bacterial community analysis indicated that the bacterial activity was improved by the flow electrode. The content of the exoelectrogen Pseudomonas increased from 5.0 % to 14.7 %, and Hydrogenophaga improved from 1.4 % to 5.9 %. Finally, a continuous operation mode of the FE-MDC was established, and the flow electrode slurry was returned to the anodic chamber for recirculated utilization. The voltage output, COD removal, and salt removal during the operation mode reached 610 mV, 78.8 %, and 76.1 %, respectively. This study proved that the flow electrode is a promising way to promote the practical application of MDC technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Yang
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yunfei Li
- School of Bioengineering, Shandong Polytechnic, Jinan 250104, China
| | - Ziyi Zhan
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China; School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yang Song
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Lijie Zhang
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Linxu Xu
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Jin Wang
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Xue Shen
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Liming Liu
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
| | - Feiyong Chen
- Resources and Environment Innovation Institute, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China.
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Nikoonahad A, Gholizadeh A, Ghaneian MT, Paseban A, Naimi N, Ghorbanian M, Taghavi M, Mohammadi A, Abdolahnejad A, Moradi B. Evaluation of a novel integrated membrane biological aerated filter for water reclamation: A practical experience. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:134916. [PMID: 35597458 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of treated wastewater in addition to solving the problem of water shortage, can increase soil fertility and reduce the use of chemical fertilizers. We aim to provide a high-quality effluent to feed membrane system, reduce treatment costs and enhance the efficiency of wastewater recycling. All experiments were conducted on a novel integrated membrane biological aerated filter (IMBAF) consisting of a down flow cylindrical biological aerated filter (BAF) filled by silica and a novel sand-coated polystyrene granules (SCP), followed by ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) membranes. IMBAF reactor, with 73.6 L volume, was operated for 270 days (in three 90-day stages) with different conditions of returning backwash water. Accordingly, BAF generated high quality water for feeding UF membrane with 94.2%, 68%, 54.4%, 91.2%, and 99.95% of turbidity, 5-day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen demand (COD), oil and grease (O&G), fecal coliform (FC) removal, respectively. At the end of stage 3, 99.88% of influent was recycled by UF and only 0.12% was disposed of as sludge. The BAF and UF module efficiently promote the quality of water entering RO system. After 75 days of continuous operation, the increase in trans-membrane pressure (TMP) and also decrease in RO membrane permeability were about 14% and 9.4%, respectively, indicating low clogging of the membrane. The use of BAF structure designed in this study increases the wastewater recycling rate, decreases membrane clogging and thereby reduces the costs of concentrate disposal and chemical cleaning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Nikoonahad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Abdolmajid Gholizadeh
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Taghi Ghaneian
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Paseban
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nayera Naimi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran; Student Research Committee, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahdi Ghorbanian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Taghavi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Social Development & Health Promotion Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
| | - Amir Mohammadi
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Ali Abdolahnejad
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
| | - Bagher Moradi
- Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Science, Esfarayen, Iran
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Alavi N, Majlessi M, Amanidaz N, Zamanzadeh M, Rafiee M. Increased biological and cathodic hydrogen production using a novel integrated thermophilic fermenter and dual anion exchange membrane bioelectrochemical system. MethodsX 2022; 9:101770. [PMID: 35818447 PMCID: PMC9270241 DOI: 10.1016/j.mex.2022.101770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Many researchers are interested in utilizing renewable and sustainable energy made by exoelectrogenic bacteria during electrodialysis for the separation of minerals and organic matters from aqueous environments. The aim of this study was to develop a novel thermophilic fermenter and dual anion exchange membrane bioelectrochemical system for separating biohydrogen production inhibitors from the thermophilic fermenter and thereby increasing biological and cathodic hydrogen production by food waste and wastewater.Using this innovative system the biohydrogen production inhibitors were separated and nutrients (for example ammonium), alkalinity, buffering capacity and pH were preserved in the bioreactor at the same time, led to higher biological and cathodic hydrogen production.
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Patel M, Patel SS, Kumar P, Mondal DP, Singh B, Khan MA, Singh S. Advancements in spontaneous microbial desalination technology for sustainable water purification and simultaneous power generation: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113374. [PMID: 34325367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Population growth and rapid urbanization have put a lot of pressure on the already scarce freshwater around the globe. The availability of freshwater is not only limited but it is non-uniform also. Available desalination technologies help mitigate water shortage; however, these techniques are energy-intensive and unsustainable. Desalination technologies utilizing renewable energy and bio-electrochemical systems have been developed to achieve limited sustainability. With technological advancements, microbial desalination cell (MDC) has been developed which is capable of desalination, wastewater treatment, and power generation simultaneously. This review critically examined the performance of various MDC techniques concerning their stimulus parameters including COD removal, total desalination rate, total dissolved solids reduction rate, Coulombic efficiency, and power density. Limitations of MDCs have also been incorporated in the review. Work on MDC coupled with other robust desalination techniques offering advantages such as better desalination and more water recovery e.g. osmotic-MDC etc. has been included. Researchers have tremendously worked on MDCs with different electro-catalysts. Few of these are not sustainable and costly. Authors have reviewed critically with belief that it will pave a way for the commercialization of this eco-friendly technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Patel
- Lightweight Metallic Materials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shiv Singh Patel
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Water Resources Management and Rural Technology, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Pradip Kumar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Integrated Approach for Design and Product Development, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India.
| | - Dehi Pada Mondal
- Lightweight Metallic Materials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Bhupendra Singh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168, University Rd., Minhsiung Township, Chiayi County, 62102, Taiwan
| | - Mohd Akram Khan
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India
| | - Shiv Singh
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India; Industrial Waste Utilization, Nano and Biomaterials, CSIR- Advanced Materials and Processes Research Institute (CSIR-AMPRI), Hoshangabad Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462026, India.
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Rahman S, Al-Mamun A, Jafary T, Alhimali H, Baawain MS. Effect of internal and external resistances on desalination in microbial desalination cell. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2021; 83:2389-2403. [PMID: 34032617 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The green and cost-effective nature of the microbial desalination cell (MDC) make it a promising alternative for future sustainable desalination. However, MDC suffers from a low desalination rate that inhibits it being commercialized. External resistance (Rext) is one of the factors that significantly affect the desalination rate in MDCs, which is still under debate. This research, for the first time, investigated the impact of Rext on MDCs with different internal resistance (Rint) of the system to discover the optimal range of Rext for efficient MDC performance. The results showed that the effect of Rext on desalination rate (2.52 mg/h) was quite low when the Rint of MDC was high (200 Ω). However, operating the MDC with a low Rint (67 Ω) significantly improved the desalination rate (9.85 mg/h) and current generation. When MDC was operated with a low Rint the effect of variable Rext on desalination and current generation was noticeable. Therefore, low Rint (67 Ω) MDC was used to select the optimum Rext when the optimal range was found to be Rext ≪ Rint, Rext < Rint, Rext ≈ Rint (ranging from 1-69 Ω) to achieve the highest desalination rates (10.41-8.59 mg/h). The results showed the superior effect of Rint on desalination rate before selecting the optimal range of Rext in the outer circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadik Rahman
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Abdullah Al-Mamun
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
| | - Tahereh Jafary
- Process Engineering Department, International Maritime College, Sohar, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Halima Alhimali
- Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, P.O. Box 33, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman E-mail: ;
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Dehdashti B, Amin MM, Gholizadeh A, Miri M, Rafati L. Atenolol adsorption onto multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified by NaOCl and ultrasonic treatment; kinetic, isotherm, thermodynamic, and artificial neural network modeling. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2019; 17:281-293. [PMID: 31297213 PMCID: PMC6582043 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-019-00347-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The removal of pharmaceutical pollutants from the aqueous environment is a great environmental concern, mainly due to their diversity, high consumption, and sustainability. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the ability of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) modified by sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ultrasonic treatment in refining wastewaters contaminated with Atenolol β-blocker drug (ATN). The physical and structural characteristics of the raw MWCNTs and modified MWCNTs (M-MWCNTs) were analyzed using SEM, TEM, Raman spectroscopy, TGA, and FT-IR techniques. The effects of different parameters, including pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were studied and optimized. Subsequently, the adsorption data were analyzed by several kinetic and equilibrium isotherm equations and modeled by artificial neural network (ANN). Highest ATN removal (87.89%) ((qe,exp = 46.03 mg g-1)) occurred on the adsorbent activated within 10 s of ultrasonication time and NaOCl 30%. Moreover, adsorbent modification significantly improved the ATN removal, so that the removal rate on the raw MWCNTs was about 58%, but in the same conditions, M-MWCNTs removed more than 92% of the adsorbate. The adsorption process reached equilibrium after 90 min under the optimized pH of 6. According to ANN modeling, approximately the whole values dispersed around the 45°line, indicating a good compatibility between the trial results and ANN-predicted data. The modification of MWCNTs in proper ultrasonic power via appropriate concentration of NaOCl solution removed many of the impurities and significantly improved the adsorption performance of MWCNTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahare Dehdashti
- Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mehdi Amin
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
- Environment Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Mohammad Miri
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Lida Rafati
- Deputy of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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