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Suzuki M, Kubo K, Hachinohe M, Sato T, Tsukada H, Yamaguchi N, Watanabe T, Maruyama H, Shinano T. Effects of cattle manure compost application on crop growth and soil-to-crop transfer of cesium in a physically radionuclide-decontaminated field. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 908:167939. [PMID: 37924879 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
Resuming crop production in physically decontaminated fields affected by radiocesium (134Cs and 137Cs) releases is crucial for restoring impacted areas. However, surface soil excavation to reduce radiocesium may lead to lower crop yield due to the loss of fertile topsoil. This study aimed to assess the effects of cattle manure compost (CMC) application on soil properties, crop growth, and 137Cs soil-to-crop transfer in a physically decontaminated field and pot experiment. Field trials were conducted during 2018-2022, with CMC (1 and 2 kg m-2 year-1) applied alongside conventional fertilization (CMC1 and CMC2 plots, respectively) in 2018-2019 and conventional fertilization alone in 2020-2022. Additionally, a pot experiment was used to evaluate the impact of CMC application in soil (1 kg m-2 year-1 for 5 years) on 137Cs transfer. In the field trial during 2018-2019, CMC1 and CMC2 plots exhibited higher soybean shoot dry weight (DW) compared with plots receiving conventional fertilization and additional K fertilizer (+K2O). CMC application also improved soil nutrient content. The transfer factor of 137Cs (TF-137Cs: plant 137Cs activity concentration/soil 137Cs activity concentration) followed the order CMC2 < CMC1 ≈ +K2O < conventional fertilization only (CF) and was negatively correlated with soil exchangeable K (Ex-K). During 2020-2022, when all plots received conventional fertilization alone, grain yields were higher in CMC1 and CMC2 plots than in the +K2O plot, with the lowest TF-137Cs in CMC2 plot followed by CMC1, +K2O, and CF plots. The pot experiment confirmed that CMC soil had a lower TF-137Cs and higher plant DW compared with CF soil with the same Ex-K level. Additionally, the soil exchangeable 137Cs (Ex-137Cs) level was significantly lower in CMC soil than CF soil. These findings demonstrate the potential of CMC application to improve crop growth and reduce 137Cs transfer in physically decontaminated fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Suzuki
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Katashi Kubo
- Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
| | - Mayumi Hachinohe
- Division of Food Quality and Food Safety Research, Institute of Food Research, NARO, 2-1-12 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8642, Japan.
| | - Takashi Sato
- Faculty of Bioresource Sciences, Akita Prefectural University, 241-438 Kaidobata-Nishi, Nakano, Shimoshinjo, Akita 010-0195, Japan.
| | - Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamaguchi
- Division of Environmental Chemical Research, Institute for Agro-environmental Sciences, NARO, 3-1-3 Kan-nondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Watanabe
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Hayato Maruyama
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan.
| | - Takuro Shinano
- Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita 9 Nishi 9, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8589, Japan; Agricultural Radiation Research Center, Tohoku Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 50 Harajukuminami, Arai, Fukushima 960-2156, Japan.
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Satoh Y, Ishizuka S, Hiradate S, Atarashi-Andoh M, Nagano H, Koarashi J. Sequential loss-on-ignition as a simple method for evaluating the stability of soil organic matter under actual environmental conditions. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 239:117224. [PMID: 37788758 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
Soil organic matter (SOM) is one of the largest carbon (C) reservoirs on Earth, and therefore its stability attracts a great deal of interest from the perspective of the global C cycle. This study examined the applicability of loss-on-ignition with a stepwise increase in temperature (SIT-LOI) of soil to evaluate the stability of SOM using soil samples having different organic matter (OM) and mineral contents and different mean residence times (MRTs) for SOM. The responses of SOM to the SIT-LOI varied depending on the samples but were all successfully approximated by a liner regression model as a function of the temperature of LOI. The slope value in the liner model that determines the residual potential of carbon during the SIT-LOI highly correlated with MRT of SOM, suggesting that this value reflects the overall stability of SOM over a range of soil properties. This hypothesis was consistent with the observation that Δ14C values of SOM decreased with increasing LOI temperature and thus, older, slower-cycling SOM was preferentially left in the soil samples by SIT-LOI. Additionally, the hypothesis was also supported by the significant correlations (p < 0.01) between the slope value and OM and mineral contents in the samples because these components are considered to regulate SOM stability. In addition to the regression analysis of the SIT-LOI data, changes in carbon to nitrogen (C/N) and carbon to hydrogen (C/H) ratios and stable carbon isotope signatures (δ13C) of the samples were investigated. The results suggest that the mineral association of SOM is an important factor characterizing the response of SOM to LOI. Hence, it was concluded that SIT-LOI is a simple and useful method for evaluating the stability of SOM under actual environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhi Satoh
- Department of Radioecology, Institute for Environmental Sciences (IES), Aomori, 039-3212, Japan.
| | - Shigehiro Ishizuka
- Department of Forest Soils, Forestry and Forest Research Institute (FFPRI), Ibaraki, 305-8687, Japan
| | | | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Hirohiko Nagano
- Institute of Science and Technology, Niigata University, Niigata, 950-2181, Japan
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA), Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
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Koarashi J, Atarashi-Andoh M, Nishimura S. Effect of soil organic matter on the fate of 137Cs vertical distribution in forest soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 262:115177. [PMID: 37354569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the fate of the vertical distribution of radiocesium (137Cs) in Japanese forest soils is key to assessing the radioecological consequences of the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident. The 137Cs behavior in mineral soil is known to be primarily governed by interaction with clay minerals; however, some observations suggest the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in enhancing the mobility of 137Cs. Here we hypothesized that soil organic carbon (SOC) concentration profile determines the ultimate vertical pattern of 137Cs distribution in Japanese forest soils. In testing this hypothesis, we obtained soil samples that were collected before the FDNPP accident at four forest sites with varying SOC concentration profiles and quantified the detailed vertical profile of 137Cs inventory in the soils roughly half a century after global fallout in the early 1960 s. Results showed that the higher the SOC concentration in the soil profile, the deeper the 137Cs downward penetration. On the basis of the data for surface soils (0-10 cm), the 137Cs retention ratio for each of the 2-cm thick layers was evaluated as the ratio of 137Cs inventory in the target soil layer to the total 137Cs inventory in and below the soil layer. A negative correlation was found between the ratio and SOC concentration of the layer across all soils and depths. This indicates that the ultimate fate of 137Cs vertical distribution can be predicted as a function of SOC concentration for Japanese forest soils, and provides further evidence for SOM effects on the mobility and bioavailability of 137Cs in soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Syusaku Nishimura
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan; Nuclear Fuel Cycle Engineering Laboratories, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki 319-1194, Japan
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4
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Ota M, Takahara S, Yoshimura K, Nagakubo A, Hirouchi J, Hayashi N, Abe T, Funaki H, Nagai H. Soil dust and bioaerosols as potential sources for resuspended 137Cs occurring near the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2023; 264:107198. [PMID: 37178632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2023.107198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
One of the current pathways to radiation exposure, caused by the radionuclides discharged during the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) accident, is the inhalation of resuspended 137Cs present in the air. Although wind-induced soil particle resuspension is recognized as a primary resuspension mechanism, studies regarding the aftermath of the FDNPP accident have suggested that bioaerosols can also be a potential source of atmospheric 137Cs in rural areas, although the quantitative impact on the atmospheric 137Cs concentration is still largely unknown. We propose a model for simulating the 137Cs resuspension as soil particles and bioaerosols in the form of fungal spores, which are regarded as a potential candidate for the source of 137Cs-bearing bioaerosol emission into the air. We apply the model to the difficult-to-return zone (DRZ) near the FDNPP to characterize the relative importance of the two resuspension mechanisms. Our model calculations show that soil particle resuspension is responsible for the surface-air 137Cs observed during winter-spring but could not account for the higher 137Cs concentrations observed in summer-autumn. Higher 137Cs concentrations are reproduced by the emission of 137Cs-bearing bioaerosols (fungal spores) that replenishes the low-level soil particle resuspension in summer-autumn. Our model results show that the accumulation of 137Cs in fungal spores and large emissions of spores characteristic of the rural environment are likely responsible for the presence of biogenic 137Cs in the air, although the former must be experimentally validated. These findings provide vital information for the assessment of the atmospheric 137Cs concentration in the DRZ, as applying the resuspension factor (m-1) from urban areas, where soil particle resuspension would dominate, can lead to a biased estimate of the surface-air 137Cs concentration. Moreover, the influence of bioaerosol 137Cs on the atmospheric 137Cs concentration would last longer, because undecontaminated forests commonly exist within the DRZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Ota
- Research Group for Environmental Science, Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Shogo Takahara
- Risk Analysis Research Group, Nuclear Safety Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kazuya Yoshimura
- Environmental Monitoring Group, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169, Sukakeba, Kaihama, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Azusa Nagakubo
- Risk Analysis Research Group, Nuclear Safety Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Hirouchi
- Risk Analysis Research Group, Nuclear Safety Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Naho Hayashi
- Risk Analysis Research Group, Nuclear Safety Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Abe
- Environmental Monitoring Group, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169, Sukakeba, Kaihama, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Hironori Funaki
- Environmental Monitoring Group, Collaborative Laboratories for Advanced Decommissioning Science, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 45-169, Sukakeba, Kaihama, Haramachi, Minamisoma, Fukushima, 975-0036, Japan
| | - Haruyasu Nagai
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata, Tokai, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
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5
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Tsukada H, Yamada D, Yamaguchi N. Accumulation of 137Cs in aggregated organomineral assemblage in pasture soils 8 years after the accident at the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 806:150688. [PMID: 34600999 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Despite the presence of minerals that allow Cs fixation in soils, 137Cs remains available to crops for several years after its deposition, particularly in pasture soils. Larger amounts of organic matter derived from herbage residues are accumulated in pasture soils than in tilled farmland soils. As the above-ground part of herbage crops initially received airborne 137Cs during the accident at Fukushima Daiich nuclear power plant (FDNPP), the organic matter originated from the contaminated herbage should play an important role in the fate of 137Cs in soils. To evaluate the role of organic matter on 137Cs distribution between potentially mobile and immobile fractions, we compared the distribution of 137Cs and stable 133Cs, which are differently associated with organic matter, by sequential extraction and density fractionation. Soil samples were collected 8 years after the accident from Andosols in pasture fields located about 160 km southwest of FDNPP. More than 90% of 137Cs was not extracted even after oxidative digestion of organic matter, suggesting that most 137Cs was strongly associated with soil minerals. Density fractionation results showed that the 137Cs/133Cs ratio was highest in the density fraction of 1.6-1.8 g cm-3, in which organic matter -including fragmented and decomposed plant detritus -was associated with minerals. Mineral-free organic matter, mostly composed of fresh plant detritus (<1.6 g cm-3), had a higher 137Cs/133Cs ratio than that of crops harvested in the same year of soil sampling. Thus, the transfer of 137Cs from soil to plants decreased with cultivation cycles. Our results demonstrate that plant-available 137Cs in pasture soil decreased with aging time, not only through increased 137Cs fixation in mineral-dominated fractions but also through its physical sequestration in aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Tsukada
- Institute of Environmental Radioactivity, Fukushima University, 1 Kanayagawa, Fukushima, Fukushima 960-1296, Japan.
| | - Daigo Yamada
- Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 768 Senbonmatsu, Nasushiobara, Tochigi 329-2793, Japan.
| | - Noriko Yamaguchi
- Institute for Agro-environmental Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-3, Kan-non-dai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8604, Japan.
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6
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Purkis JM, Warwick PE, Graham J, Hemming SD, Cundy AB. Towards the application of electrokinetic remediation for nuclear site decommissioning. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125274. [PMID: 33609867 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Contamination encountered on nuclear sites includes radionuclides as well as a range of non-radioactive co-contaminants, often in low-permeability substrates such as concretes or clays. However, many commercial remediation techniques are ineffective in these substrates. By contrast, electrokinetic remediation (EKR), where an electric current is applied to remove contaminants from the treated media, retains high removal efficiencies in low permeability substrates. Here, we evaluate recent developments in EKR for the removal of radionuclides in contaminated substrates, including caesium, uranium and others, and the current benefits and limitations of this technology. Further, we assess the present state of EKR for nuclear site applications using real-world examples, and outline key areas for future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M Purkis
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Phil E Warwick
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - James Graham
- National Nuclear Laboratory, Sellafield, Cumbria CA20 1PG, UK
| | - Shaun D Hemming
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK
| | - Andrew B Cundy
- School of Ocean and Earth Science, University of Southampton, National Oceanography Centre (Southampton), European Way, Southampton SO14 3ZH, UK.
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7
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Tanaka S, Kakinuma H, Adati T, Atarashi-Andoh M, Koarashi J. Transfer of 137Cs to web-building spiders, Nephila clavata, and its pathways: a preliminary study using stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00223131.2021.1894255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sota Tanaka
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hotaru Kakinuma
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tarô Adati
- Department of International Agricultural Development, Faculty of International Agriculture and Food Studies, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Distribution of 137Cs in different soil particle sizes in the vicinity of the Qianshan nuclear power plant. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-020-07459-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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9
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Sasaki T, Yamashita A, Terui N, Hattori T, Tanaka S. Evaluation of Removal Behavior of Cesium in Contaminated Soil Based on Speciation Analysis. ANAL SCI 2020; 36:589-594. [PMID: 32389935 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.19sbp12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The removal efficiency of Cs from contaminated soil depends on its chemical species bound with the soil components. Therefore, in this study, we observed the elution behavior of Cs based on speciation analysis in a Cs removal experiment conducted on contaminated soils. The treatment method was optimized using simulated contaminated soil and applied to actual contaminated soil on a large scale as well. The elution rate of Cs was approximately 50% or more in both actual and simulated contaminated soil using the optimized treatment method. From the obtained results, a robust treatment method using an eluting reagent and a magnetic adsorbent with low energy costs is proposed. Additionally, the usefulness of speciation analysis in decontamination studies was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido.,Graduate School of Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology.,Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Ayano Yamashita
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
| | - Norifumi Terui
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College
| | - Toshiaki Hattori
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Information Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Shunitz Tanaka
- Graduate School of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University
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Kim JH, Kim SM, Yoon IH, Choi SJ, Kim I. Selective separation of Cs-contaminated clay from soil using polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanoparticles. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 706:136020. [PMID: 31841848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the feasibility of using magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) coated with polyethylenimine (PEI), a cationic polymer, to remediate radioactive contaminated soil by separating Cs-contaminated clay from the soil. The influences of the solution pH, PEI-to-MNPs mass ratio, and the PEI-MNPs dose on the magnetic separation performance were systematically examined. The highest SE% of illite from solution through electrostatic attraction was approximately 100% at a mass ratio of 0.04 g-PEI-MNPs/g-clay. The PEI coating clearly enhanced the adhesion between MNPs and clay minerals by increasing the quantity of functional amine groups available for adsorbing negatively charged clay minerals. In separation experiments using a soil mixture, the PEI-coated MNPs selectively separated clay- and silt-sized fine particles smaller than 0.038 mm even in the presence of a large amount of sand when used at a low dose (mass ratio of 0.05 g-PEI-MNPs/g-clay) and without pH control. We also used the PEI-MNPs to separate 137Cs-contaminated illite from soil under an external magnetic field. After magnetic separation, the highest removal efficiency achieved for 137Cs removal from the treated soil was 81.7% at a low nanoparticle dosage, which resulted in satisfying the reduction of radioactivity and waste volume. The results clearly demonstrate that the selective separation of Cs-contaminated clay using PEI-coated MNPs is a promising technique for remediating radioactive soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Hyun Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea; School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Sangyeok-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Man Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Yoon
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-June Choi
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering, KyungPook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Sangyeok-dong, Buk-gu, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute, 111, Daedeok-daero 989beon-gil, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Kim JH, Kim SM, Yoon IH, Kim I. Application of polyethylenimine-coated magnetic nanocomposites for the selective separation of Cs-enriched clay particles from radioactive soil. RSC Adv 2020; 10:21822-21829. [PMID: 35516636 PMCID: PMC9054558 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03426f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The separation of Cs-enriched fine particles is a highly effective way to reduce the volume and radioactivity of contaminated soil. This work demonstrated the application of polyethylenimine (PEI)-coated Fe3O4 nanocomposites and a mesh filter for the selective separation of clay particles from Cs-contaminated soil. The PEI coating on the Fe3O4 nanoparticles enhanced the binding force between the magnetic nanoparticles and clay minerals via electrostatic attraction; thus, approximately 100% of the clay particles were magnetically separated from solution by Fe3O4-PEI nanocomposites at a low dose (0.04 g-nanocomposite per g-clay). In separation experiments with soil mixtures, clay- and silt-sized fine particles that had been magnetized by Fe3O4-PEI nanocomposites were selectively separated, and the separation efficiency improved when a mesh filter was added to exclude physically large particles. The combination of magnetic and sieving separation thoroughly separated fine particles from soil by reducing the volume of the magnetic fraction. We also evaluated the magnetic-sieving separation method for the selective removal of clay particles from 137Cs-contaminated soil. The decrease in radioactivity in the treated nonmagnetic fraction, which accounted for 87.5% of the total soil, corresponded to a high decontamination efficiency of approximately 90%. The developed separation technology offers great potential for the efficient remediation of radioactive soil. Selective separation of Cs-enriched fine particles from contaminated soil using Fe3O4-PEI nanocomposites and a mesh filter.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Hyun Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
- School of Architectural, Civil, Environmental, and Energy Engineering
| | - Sung-Man Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - In-Ho Yoon
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
| | - Ilgook Kim
- Decommissioning Technology Research Division
- Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute
- Daejeon
- Republic of Korea
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12
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Muto K, Atarashi-Andoh M, Matsunaga T, Koarashi J. Characterizing vertical migration of 137Cs in organic layer and mineral soil in Japanese forests: Four-year observation and model analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2019; 208-209:106040. [PMID: 31518883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2019.106040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Because of the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant accident, forest ecosystems in wide areas were contaminated with 137Cs. It is important to characterize the behavior of 137Cs after its deposition onto forest surface environments for evaluating and preventing long-term radiation risks. In the present study, 137Cs vertical distributions in the soil profile were observed repeatedly at five forest sites with different vegetation types for 4.4 years after the accident in 2011, and 137Cs migration in the organic layer and mineral soil was analyzed based on a comparison of models and observations. Cesium-137 migration from the organic layer to the underlying mineral soil was represented by a two-component exponential model. Cesium-137 migration from the organic layer was faster than that observed in European forests, suggesting that the mobility and bioavailability of 137Cs could be suppressed rapidly in Japanese forests. At all sites, 137Cs transfer in mineral soil could be reproduced by a simple diffusion equation model with continuous 137Cs supply from the organic layer. The diffusion coefficients of 137Cs in the mineral soil were estimated to be 0.042-0.55 cm2 y-1, which were roughly comparable with those of European forest soils affected by the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant accident. Model predictions using the determined model parameters indicated that 10 years after the accident, more than 70% of the deposited 137Cs will migrate to the mineral soil but only less than 10% of the total 137Cs inventory will penetrate deeper than 10 cm in the mineral soil across all sites. The results of the present study suggest that the 137Cs deposited onto Japanese forest ecosystems will be retained in the surface layers of mineral soil for a long time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kotomi Muto
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunaga
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
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Koarashi J, Nishimura S, Atarashi-Andoh M, Muto K, Matsunaga T. A new perspective on the 137Cs retention mechanism in surface soils during the early stage after the Fukushima nuclear accident. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7034. [PMID: 31065040 PMCID: PMC6504853 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant accident caused serious radiocesium (137Cs) contamination of the soil in multiple terrestrial ecosystems. Soil is a complex system where minerals, organic matter, and microorganisms interact with each other; therefore, an improved understanding of the interactions of 137Cs with these soil constituents is key to accurately assessing the environmental consequences of the accident. Soil samples were collected from field, orchard, and forest sites in July 2011, separated into three soil fractions with different mineral–organic interaction characteristics using a density fractionation method, and then analyzed for 137Cs content, mineral composition, and organic matter content. The results show that 20–71% of the 137Cs was retained in association with relatively mineral-free, particulate organic matter (POM)-dominant fractions in the orchard and forest surface soil layers. Given the physicochemical and mineralogical properties and the 137Cs extractability of the soils, 137Cs incorporation into the complex structure of POM is likely the main mechanism for 137Cs retention in the surface soil layers. Therefore, our results suggest that a significant fraction of 137Cs is not immediately immobilized by clay minerals and remains potentially mobile and bioavailable in surface layers of organic-rich soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Koarashi
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.
| | - Syusaku Nishimura
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan.,Tono Geoscience Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Gifu, 509-5102, Japan
| | - Mariko Atarashi-Andoh
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Kotomi Muto
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takeshi Matsunaga
- Nuclear Science and Engineering Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Ibaraki, 319-1195, Japan
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Low 137Cs retention capability of organic layers in Japanese forest ecosystems affected by the Fukushima nuclear accident. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-019-06435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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