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Yang JM, Lu HL, Liu JH, Qian XR, Fu GL, Gao JF. Embryonic development, hatchling performance and metabolic profile after egg exposure to environmentally relevant levels of chlorpyrifos in an aquatic turtle. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 260:115095. [PMID: 37267781 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The extensive use of organophosphorus insecticides poses a threat to the survival of non-target organisms. Ecotoxicological outcomes of embryonic exposure to insecticides are rarely evaluated in various oviparous species. In this study, soft-shelled turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis) eggs were incubated in moist substrate containing different levels (0, 2, 20 and 200 μg/kg) of chlorpyrifos to investigate its toxic effects on embryonic development and survival, and hatchling physiological performance. Chlorpyrifos exposure had no significant impacts on embryonic development rate and egg survival in P. sinensis. Similarly, embryonic chlorpyrifos exposure neither obviously affected the size and locomotor performance of hatchlings, nor changed the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and content of malondialdehyde in their erythrocytes. Based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis, minor metabolic perturbations related to amino acid, lipid and energy metabolism in hatchlings after embryonic chlorpyrifos exposure were revealed by hepatic metabolite profiling. Overall, our results suggested that embryonic exposure to environmentally relevant levels of chlorpyrifos had only a limited impact on physiological performances of hatchlings, although it would result in a potential risk of hepatotoxicity in P. sinensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Meng Yang
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hong-Liang Lu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jia-Hui Liu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin-Ru Qian
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guang-Li Fu
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Fang Gao
- Herpetological Research Center, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, Zhejiang, China.
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Tian H, Feng Y, Yang X, Li S, Pang C, Ma C. Development of a new and facile method for determination of chlorpyrifos residues in green tea by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction. Sci Rep 2022; 12:15542. [PMID: 36109661 PMCID: PMC9477813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-20021-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work a simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method has been established for the determination of chlorpyrifos residue in green tea by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography-flame photometric detection. Some experimental parameters that influence extraction efficiency, such as the kind and volume of disperser solvents and extraction solvents, extraction time, addition of salt and pH, were investigated. And the optimal experimental conditions were obtained, quantitative analysis was carried out using external standard method. The correlation coefficient of the calibration curves was 0.999 with in 0.05 mg/kg to 5 mg/kg. The results showed that under the optimum conditions, the enrichment factors of the chlorpyrifos was about 554.51, the recoveries for standard addition fell in the range from 91.94 to 104.70% and the relative standard deviations was 4.61%. The limit of quantification of chlorpyrifos in green tea was 0.02 μg/mL at the signal/noise ratio of 3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Tian
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, China
| | - Yujie Feng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Hainan Academy of Agricultural Science & Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Crop Pests in HaiKou, Haikou, China.
| | - Xinfeng Yang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, China
| | - Shuhuai Li
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, China
| | - Chaohai Pang
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, China
| | - Chen Ma
- Analysis and Testing Center, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Science & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Quality and Safety for Tropical Fruits and Vegetables, Haikou, China
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Park SH, Jun H, Ahn SK, Lee J, Yu SL, Lee SK, Kang JM, Kim H, Lee HI, Hong SJ, Na BK, Bahk YY, Kim TS. Monitoring Insecticide Resistance and Target Site Mutations of L1014 Kdr And G119 Ace Alleles in Five Mosquito Populations in Korea. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY 2020; 58:543-550. [PMID: 33202506 PMCID: PMC7672240 DOI: 10.3347/kjp.2020.58.5.543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mosquitoes are globally distributed and important vectors for the transmission of many human diseases. Mosquito control is a difficult task and the cost of preventing mosquito-borne diseases is much lower than that for curing the associated diseases. Thus, chemical control remains the most effective tool for mosquito. Due to the long-term intensive use of insecticides to control mosquito vectors, resistance to most chemical insecticides has been reported. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between insecticide resistance and target site mutation of L1014 kdr and G119 ace alleles in 5 species/species group of mosquitoes (Aedes vexans, Ae. albopictus, Anopheles spp., Culex pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus) obtained from 6 collection sites. For Anopheles spp., the proportion of mosquitoes with mutated alleles in L1014 was 88.4%, homozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 46.7%, and heterozygous resistant genotypes were observed in 41.8%. For the Cx. pipiens complex and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus species, homozygous resistant genotypes were found in 25.9% and 9.8%, respectively. However, target site mutation of L1014 in the Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus species was not observed. Anopheles spp., Cx. pipiens complex, and Cx. tritaeniorhynchus mosquitoes were resistant to deltamethrin and chlorpyriphos, whereas Ae. vexans nipponii and Ae. albopictus were clearly susceptible. We also found a correlation between the resistance phenotype and the presence of the L1014 kdr and G119 ace mutations only in the Anopheles spp. population. In this study, we suggest that insecticide resistance poses a growing threat and resistance management must be integrated into all mosquito control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seo Hye Park
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Hojong Jun
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Seong Kyu Ahn
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jinyoung Lee
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Yu
- Inha Research Institute for Medical Sciences, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Sung Keun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Jung-Mi Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hyunwoo Kim
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Hee-Il Lee
- Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Osong 28159, Korea
| | - Sung-Jong Hong
- Department of Medical Environmental Biology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul 06974, Korea
| | - Byoung-Kuk Na
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea.,Department of Convergence Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Young Yil Bahk
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Biomedical and Health Science, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, Korea
| | - Tong-Soo Kim
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine & Global Resource Bank of Parasitic Protozoa Pathogens, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon 22212, Korea
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Salazar Mercado SA, Maldonado Bayona HA. Evaluation of cytotoxic potential of chlorpyrifos using Lens culinaris Med as efficient bioindicator. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 183:109528. [PMID: 31404724 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (CPF), using L. culinaris apical cells as a biological indicator. L. culinaris seeds were exposed to different concentrations of chlorpyrifos (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10 and 15 mg L-1) and a control solution based on distilled water. Subsequently, root growth was measured during 24, 48 and 72 h. Therefore, the mitotic index (MI) and the number of cellular abnormalities were determined at 72 h. According to the obtained results, a decrease in root size was observed in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L-1) and T6 (10 mg L-1). On the other hand, it was evidenced that, through all the evaluated concentrations, the inhibition of mitosis in the concentrations of T5 (8 mg L-1), T6 (10 mg L-1) and T7 (15 mg L-1) was greater than 50%. Additionally, a variety of chromosomal abnormalities were reported, such as Micronuclei, sticky chromosomes in anaphase, chromosome disruption, irregular anaphase, nucleus absence, nuclear lesions, chromosomes grouped in metaphase, anaphase bridges, metaphase sticky chromosomes, present in all concentrations evaluated. Consequently, the presence of micronuclei in the concentrations of 8 mg L-1, 10 mg L-1 and 15 mg L-1 indicates that the CPF is a highly cytotoxic substance to L. culinaris. Therefore, L. culinaris is a plant species that offers a feasible experimental model to be implemented in laboratory studies with the purpose to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seir Antonio Salazar Mercado
- Department of Biology, Universidad Francisco de Paula Santander. Avenida Gran Colombia No. 12E-96B Colsag. San José de Cúcuta, Colombia.
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Xing H, Chen J, Peng M, Wang Z, Liu F, Li S, Teng X. Identification of signal pathways for immunotoxicity in the spleen of common carp exposed to chlorpyrifos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2019; 182:109464. [PMID: 31398777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.109464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an environmental pollutant due to its high toxicity to aquatic animals. Because CPF was detected in aquatic environments in many countries, it has been widely concerned by researchers. Although the immunotoxicity of CPF to fish had been reported, the immunotoxicity mechanism is still not clear. Recently, transcriptome analysis has become a major method to study the toxic mechanism of pollutants in environmental toxicology. However, the immunotoxicity identification of CPF on fish had not been reported by transcriptome analysis. In the present study, we examined the effects of CPF on organismal system in the spleen of common carp by transcriptome analysis. We have successfully constructed a database of transcriptome analysis of carp spleens under exposure to CPF and found 773 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (including 498 up-regulated DEGs and 275 down-regulated DEGs) and 4 branches (containing 33 known KEGG pathways). Some genes associated with the 4 pathways (Complement and coagulation cascades, PPAR signaling pathway, Fat digestion and absorption, and Collecting duct acid secretion) contained in organismal system were validated by quantitative real-time PCR and showed significant improvement compared with the control group. Our results indicated that exposure to CPF caused a change in the signal pathways of organismal system in carp spleens. The present study provides new insights into the immunotoxicity mechanism and risk assessment of CPF, as well as references for comparative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Houjuan Xing
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Jianqing Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Muqiao Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China
| | - Zhilei Wang
- Centre for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Feng Liu
- Centre for Animal Disease Prevention and Control of Heilongjiang Province, 243 Haping Road, Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, PR China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, 59 Mucai Street, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, PR China.
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