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Shen Z, Gao E, Meng X, Xu J, Sun Y, Zhu J, Li J, Wu Z, Wang W, Yao S, Dai Q. Mechanistic Insight into Catalytic Combustion of Ethyl Acetate on Modified CeO 2 Nanobelts: Hydrolysis-Oxidation Process and Shielding Effect of Acetates/Alcoholates. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:3864-3874. [PMID: 36812295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In this study, based on the comparison of two counterparts [Mn- and Cr-modified CeO2 nanobelts (NBs)] with the opposite effects, some novel mechanistic insights into the ethyl acetate (EA) catalytic combustion over CeO2-based catalysts were proposed. The results demonstrated that EA catalytic combustion consisted of three primary processes: EA hydrolysis (C-O bond breakage), the oxidation of intermediate products, and the removal of surface acetates/alcoholates. Rapid EA hydrolysis typically occurs on surface acid/base sites or hydroxyl groups, and the removal of surface acetates/alcoholates resulting from EA hydrolysis is considered the rate-determining step. The deposited acetates/alcoholates like a shield covered the active sites (such as surface oxygen vacancies), and the enhanced mobility of the surface lattice oxygen as an oxidizing agent played a vital role in breaking through the shield and promoting the further hydrolysis-oxidation process. The Cr modification impeded the release of surface-activated lattice oxygen from the CeO2 NBs and induced the accumulation of acetates/alcoholates at a higher temperature due to the increased surface acidity/basicity. Conversely, the Mn-substituted CeO2 NBs with the higher lattice oxygen mobility effectively accelerated the in situ decomposition of acetates/alcoholates and facilitated the re-exposure of surface active sites. This study may contribute to a further mechanistic understanding into the catalytic oxidation of esters or other oxygenated volatile organic compounds over CeO2-based catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zude Shen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Erhao Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Xinyu Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiacheng Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Yan Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jiali Zhu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Jing Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Zuliang Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Shuiliang Yao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Qiguang Dai
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Research Institute of Industrial Catalysis, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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Zhang X, Xu Z, Jiang M, Chen S, Han Z, Liu Y, Liu Y. Enhanced activity of CuOy/TNTs doped by CeOx for catalytic ozonation of 1,2-dichloroethane at normal temperatures: performance and catalytic mechanism. Sep Purif Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2023.123255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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The Study on the Active Site Regulated RuOx/Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 Catalysts with Different Ru Precursors for the Catalytic Oxidation of Dichloromethane. Catalysts 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/catal11111306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorine-containing volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) present in industrial exhaust gas can cause great harm to the human body and the environment. In order to further study the catalytic oxidation of CVOCs, an active site regulated RuOx/Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 catalyst with different Ru precursors was developed. With Dichloromethane as the model molecule, the activity test results showed that the optimization of Ru precursor using Ru colloid significantly increased the activity of the catalyst (T90 was reduced by about 90 °C when the Ru loading was 1 wt%). The analysis of characterization results showed that the improvement of the catalytic performance was mainly due to the improvement of the active species dispersion (the size of Ru cluster was reduced from 3–4 nm to about 1.3 nm) and the enhancement of the interaction between the active species and the support. The utilization efficiency of the active components was improved by nearly doubling TOF value, and the overall oxidation performance of the catalyst was also enhanced. The relationship between the Ru loading and the catalytic activity of the catalyst was also studied to better determine the optimal Ru loading. It could be found that with the increase in Ru loading, the dispersibility of RuOx species on the catalyst surface gradually decreased, despite the increase in their total amount. The combined influence of these two effects led to little change in the catalytic activity of the catalyst at first, and then a significant increase. Therefore, this research is meaningful for the efficient treatment of CVOCs and further reducing the content of active components in the catalysts.
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Ling W, Zhao H, Wu S, Tang Z, Zha F. A CeCoO x Core/Nb 2 O 5 @TiO 2 Double-Shell Nanocage Catalyst Demonstrates High Activity and Water Resistance for Catalytic Combustion of o-Dichlorobenzene. Chemistry 2021; 27:10356-10368. [PMID: 33988891 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A series of catalysts with different core-shell structures has been successfully prepared by a hydrothermal method. They consisted of CeCoOx @TiO2 (single shell), CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 (single shell) and CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 @TiO2 (double shell) core-shell nanocages and CeCoOx nanocages, in which CeCoOx was the core and TiO2 and Nb2 O5 were shells. The influence of the core-shell structure on the catalytic performance of o-dichlorobenzene was investigated by activity, water-resistance, and thermal stability tests as well as catalyst characterization. The temperatures corresponding to 90 % conversion of o-dichlorobenzene (T90 ) of CeCoOx , CeCoOx @TiO2 , CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 , and CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 @TiO2 catalysts were 415, 383, 362 and 367 °C, respectively. CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 exhibited excellent catalytic activity, mainly owing to the special core-shell structure, large specific surface area, abundant activity of Co3+ , Ce3+ , Nb5+ , strong reducibility, and more active oxygen vacancies. It can be seen that the Nb2 O5 coating can greatly improve the catalytic activity of the catalyst. In addition, due to the protective effect of the TiO2 shell on CeCoOx , CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 @TiO2 catalysts exhibited outstanding thermal and hydrothermal stability for 20 hours. The T90 of CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 @TiO2 was slightly lower than that of CeCoOx @Nb2 O5 , but it had higher stability and hydrothermal stability. Furthermore, possible reaction pathways involving the Mars-van-Krevelen (MvK) and Langmuir-Hinshelwood (L-H) models were deduced based on studies of the temperature-programmed desorption of O2 (O2 -TPD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in situ diffuse reflectance FTIR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weitong Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China.,College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Shilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and, National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fei Zha
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, 730000, P. R. China
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Fei X, Ouyang W, Gu Z, Cao S, Wang H, Weng X, Wu Z. Effect of Cr doping in promoting the catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane (CH 2Cl 2) over Cr-Co@Z catalysts. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 413:125327. [PMID: 33588329 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A core-shell catalyst which consists of a Co3O4 core and ZSM-5 shell, was prepared by microwave hydrothermal method and subjected for dichloromethane (DCM) oxidation. Chromium, cerium, niobium, and manganese species were separately introduced into the core-shell catalyst using the wet precipitation method and denoted as M-Co@Z (M = Cr, Ce, Nb, Mn). The catalytic activity of the Cr-Co@Z catalyst was significantly increased due to the interaction between Cr2O3 and Co3O4. The results of Raman spectra indicated the incorporation of chromium into the Co3O4 lattice and revealed the existence of the interaction between Cr2O3 and Co3O4. The synergistic effect between Cr2O3 and Co3O4 might be conducive to the generation of highly defective structure and increase the ratio of Co3+/Co2+ of the sample, leading to its better oxygen mobility. The dechlorination ability of Cr-Co@Z was also promoted due to the enhanced mobility of lattice oxygen. Based on in situ DRIFT studies, a possible reaction route of CH2Cl2 oxidation over Cr-Co@Z catalyst was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Fei
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Weilong Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhenyu Gu
- Ecological and Environmental Science Design and Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310007, PR China
| | - Shuang Cao
- Department of Environmental Engineering, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, PR China
| | - Haiqiang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Weng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
| | - Zhongbiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Resources Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, PR China; Zhejiang Provincial Engineering Research Center of Industrial Boiler Furnace Flue Gas Pollution Control, Hangzhou 310058, PR China
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Wang L, Li G, Wu P, Shen K, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Xiao R. Promoting effect of Pd modification on the M/TiO2 (M = V, Ce, Mn) catalyst for catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane (DCM). Chem Eng Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.116405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Comparative study of Co3O4-ZSM-5 catalysts synthesized by different hydrothermal methods for the catalytic oxidation of dichloromethane. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2020.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Wu S, Zhao H, Dong F, Ling W, Tang Z, Zhang J. Construction of Superhydrophobic Ru/TiCeO x Catalysts for the Enhanced Water Resistance of o-Dichlorobenzene Catalytic Combustion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:2610-2621. [PMID: 33412849 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c18636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a simple method to enhance the H2O resistance of Ru/TiCeOx catalysts for o-DCB catalytic combustion by constructing superhydrophobic coating of phenyltriethoxysilane (PhTES) was proposed. The effect of PhTES content on the pore structure, specific surface area, H2O resistance, contact angle (CA) value, and catalytic activity of the catalyst was studied. When water was added, the pristine Ru/TiCeOx catalytic activity decreased by about 26%, while the Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph activity hardly decreased. According to the analysis results of XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and CA, PhTES was closely coated on the surface of Ru/TiCeOx to produce a more hydrophobic surface. The Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph catalyst had strong hydrophobicity, and the contact angle was 159.8°, which not only significantly enhanced the water resistance and self-cleaning activity but also showed a good elimination temperature (T90 = 341 °C) for the o-DCB. The enhanced water resistance of Ru/TiCeOx-XPh catalysts resulted from the reduction of the active centers consumed (water occupying oxygen vacancy sites). The reaction mechanism of the Ru/TiCeOx-16Ph catalyst based on surface oxygen species and the Deacon reaction was proposed. This method provided new idea for the design of a new water-resistant composite catalyst and promoted the practical application of the composite catalyst in the catalytic oxidation of o-DCB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- School of Petroleum and Chemical, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
| | - Haijun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Weitong Ling
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Zhicheng Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Oxo Synthesis and Selective Oxidation, and National Engineering Research Center for Fine Petrochemical Intermediates, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, P. R. China
| | - Jiyi Zhang
- School of Petroleum and Chemical, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, P. R. China
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Chen J, Wang W, Zhai S, Sun P, Wu Z. The positive effect of Ca2+ on cryptomelane-type octahedral molecular sieve (K-OMS-2) catalysts for chlorobenzene combustion. J Colloid Interface Sci 2020; 576:496-504. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.04.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Yang Y, Li H, Zhang S, Yu X, Liu S, Qu R, Zheng C, Gao X. Different reactive behaviours of dichloromethane over anatase TiO2 supported RuO2 and V2O5. Catal Today 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cattod.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Li T, Li H, Li C. A review and perspective of recent research in biological treatment applied in removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds from waste air. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 250:126338. [PMID: 32126329 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.126338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Chlorinated volatile organic compounds (Cl-VOCs) waste air is a kind of typical recalcitrant organic compounds, which poses a great threat to the ecological environment and human health. At present, the biotechnology is considered as a potential strategy for the Cl-VOCs removal due to the advantages of low energy consumption and less possibility of secondary pollution. This work summarizes the recent researches on strains, bioreactors and technology integration. The dominant pure strains for biodegradation of Cl-VOCs are first outlined with a special focus on the co-metabolism of multi-components. It then summarizes two bioreactors (optimized airlift reactor (ALR) and two-phase partitioning bioreactor (TPPB)) and strategy (addition of surfactant) for improvement of biotrickling filter (BTF), which are benefit to achieve the mass transfer enhancement in the removal of hydrophobic Cl-VOCs from waste air. After that, the integration technologies, such as magnetic field (MF)-BTF, non-thermal plasma (NTP)/ultraviolet light (UV)-BTF, and microbial electrolytic cells (MEC), are elucidated, which provide opportunities for complete mineralization of Cl-VOCs in a more efficient, energy-saving and economical way. Finally, current challenges and a perspective of future research on biotechnology for Cl-VOCs removal are thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300000, China
| | - Hao Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300000, China.
| | - Chunli Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Energy Conservation in Chemical Process Integration and Resources Utilization, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Chemical Process Safety, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Hebei University of Technology, 8 Guangrong Road, Tianjin, 300000, China
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Owumi SE, Najophe ES. Dichloromethane and ethanol co-exposure aggravates oxidative stress indices causing hepatic and renal dysfunction in pubertal rats. TOXICOLOGY RESEARCH AND APPLICATION 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2397847319855285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon E Owumi
- Department of Biochemistry, Cancer Research and Molecular Biology Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Eseroghene S Najophe
- Department of Biochemistry, Nutritional and Industrial Biochemistry Laboratories, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Yang Y, Li H, Zhao H, Qu R, Zhang S, Hu W, Yu X, Zhu X, Liu S, Zheng C, Gao X. Structure and crystal phase transition effect of Sn doping on anatase TiO 2 for dichloromethane decomposition. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2019; 371:156-164. [PMID: 30849570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Efficient removal of chlorinated volatile organic compounds (CVOCs) has received great attention because of the considerable harm that they cause to the environment and to human health. Developing novel catalysts and exploring the catalytic activation and deconstruction mechanism of CVOCs molecule are always the focus in this field. Here, a set of Sn doped TiO2 catalysts were investigated for the decomposition of dichloromethane (DCM). Rietveld refinement of the XRD patterns showed that Sn ions can uniformly disperse into TiO2 and induce the crystal transition of anatase. Meanwhile, such decorating can induce an increase in specific surface area and affect the surface oxygen vacancy concentration of these samples, which have been demonstrated by N2 adsorption and XPS, respectively. Catalytic performance tests indicated that the Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 has the best activity for DCM decomposition, and a lower CH3Cl selectivity than that of pure TiO2. Computational results suggested the dominant surface (110) of rutile Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 is more beneficial for the adsorption/dissociation of DCM molecule than that of anatase TiO2 (101). That's because the anchoring of DCM to Sn sites and electron enrichment on the surface bridge oxygen atoms of rutile Sn0.2Ti0.8O2 (110) can promote the nucleophilic substitution process for breaking of CCl bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Hao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Haitao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Ruiyang Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Wenshuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinning Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xinbo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Shaojun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China; School of Energy and Power, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212003, China.
| | - Chenghang Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China
| | - Xiang Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China.
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