1
|
Pei Y, Lin Y, Guo J, Luo K, Wu J, Wu J, Yang W, Gao J. Microplastics in wild fish in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China: A detailed investigation of their occurrence, characteristics, biomagnification and risk. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 478:135551. [PMID: 39154484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.135551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) pollution in freshwater poses a risk to various ecosystems and health security. In 2018, the Chinese government banned fishing since 2018 in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), but the fate and risk of MPs in wild fish remain unclear. Therefore, a detailed investigation was conducted into the occurrence of MPs in 18 wild fish species in the TGR using a Micro Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, and the trophic transfer and risks were assessed. MPs in fish were aged, with abundances ranging from 0.68 ± 0.98 to 4.00 ± 2.12 items/individual. Most particles were less than 1 mm in size (73.4 %), with fibers being the dominant shape (48.9 %) and transparent as the dominant color (35 %). Polyethylene (PE) was the most prevalent type. The bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation factor (BAF), trophic magnification factor (TMF) and polymer hazard index (PHI) were low, suggesting no trophic transfer and a low risk of MPs. The BAF may provide a more reasonable description of the degree of enrichment of MPs, and 'items/individual' or 'g/individual' can be used to describe MPs concentrations in fish. This study proposes new insights and prospectives that can help researchers better understand MPs enrichment in fish across various trophic levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yizhi Pei
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Ying Lin
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jinsong Guo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Kongyan Luo
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Jingcheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Wenhao Yang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China
| | - Junmin Gao
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Destro ALF, Gonçalves DC, Alves TDS, Gregório KP, da Silva VM, Santos VR, de Castro OW, Filho HB, Garbino GST, Gonçalves RV, Oliveira JMD, Freitas MB. Iron and aluminum ore mining pollution induce oxidative and tissue damage on fruit-eating bats from the Atlantic Forest. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 465:133285. [PMID: 38154190 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Mining, a vital industry for economic growth, poses significant environmental pollution challenges. Failures in tailings dam containment have caused environmental contamination and raised concerns about preserving the globally significant biodiversity in the Atlantic Forest, which is under severe threat. Fruit-eating bats are key for forest regeneration as essential seed dispersers and pollinators. This study focuses on two keystone species, Artibeus lituratus and Sturnira lilium, exploring the effects of iron ore mining area (FEOA) and aluminum ore mining area (ALOA) on these bats, respectively, and comparing to individuals from a preserved Atlantic Forest fragment (FFA). Bats from FEOA showed higher Aluminum (Al), Calcium (Ca), Iron (Fe) and Barium (Ba) liver accumulation, as well as Ca and Fe muscle accumulation. These animals also showed higher liver and kidney oxidative damage associated with liver fibrosis and kidney inflammation. Brain and muscle also showed oxidative stress. Bats from ALOA showed higher Ca and Ba liver accumulation and Ca, Zinc (Zn), and Ba muscle accumulation, along with higher brain oxidative stress, liver fibrosis, and kidney inflammation. Our findings indicate that iron and aluminum ore mining activities cause adverse effects on bat tissues, posing a potential threat to biodiversity maintenance in the Atlantic Forest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hernando Baggio Filho
- Department of Geography, Federal University of the Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Jerusa Maria de Oliveira
- Rede Nordeste de Biotecnologia (RENORBIO), Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, Maceió, AL, Brazil
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xue SM, Jiang SQ, Li RZ, Jiao YY, Kang Q, Zhao LY, Li ZH, Chen M. The decomposition of algae has a greater impact on heavy metal transformation in freshwater lake sediments than that of macrophytes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167752. [PMID: 37838060 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal (HM) pollution is a major concern in freshwater ecosystem management. The different types of endogenous organic matter and the way their decomposition affects HM transformation in freshwater lakes is not well understood. An ex situ mesocosm study was conducted to compare HM transformation in sediments during anaerobic decomposition of cyanobacterial bloom biomass (CBB) and submerged cyanobacterial vegetation in Lake Taihu, known as Potamogeton malaianus (PM). Microbial community structures were examined through Illumina sequencing of 16S rDNA. Results indicate that Zn had a remarkably higher amount of potential mobile fraction than other heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Cu, Ni, and Cd) detected in sediments, especially in sediments collected from CBB-dominated areas (approximately 150 mg kg-1). CBB decomposition has caused a significant increase in exchangeable Zn content in sediments and a decrease in reducible Zn that was three times greater than PM decomposition. Additionally, oxidizable Zn content declined during CBB decomposition but increased during PM decomposition. Furthermore, the relative abundance of the main fermentative bacteria and some sulfate-reducing bacteria genera (e.g., Desulfomicrobium) were significantly associated with the HM content of exchangeable and reducible fractions during CBB decomposition. Overall, the findings indicate that Zn is more susceptible to endogenous organic matter decomposition than other metals in freshwater lakes, and the impacts of CBB decomposition on the transformation of heavy metals in sediment are greater than that of submerged macrophyte decomposition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Min Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shu-Qi Jiang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Rui-Ze Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yi-Ying Jiao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration for River-Lakes and Algal Utilization, College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Qun Kang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Li-Ya Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zhao-Hua Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Mo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Regional Development and Environmental Response, Faculty of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang X, Xie Q, Wang Y, Lü H, Fu M, Wang D, Li J. Hg bioaccumulation in the aquatic food web from tributaries of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China and potential consumption advisories. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 458:131902. [PMID: 37364435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) holds the distinction of being China's largest reservoir, and the presence of pollutants in the fish from the reservoir have a direct impact on the health of local residents. Thus, 349 fish specimens of 21 species and 1 benthos (Bellamya aeruginosas) were collected from four typical tributaries of the TGR from 2019 to 2020. These specimens were analyzed for the concentrations of total mercury (THg) and methylmercury (MeHg), and some representative samples were tested for δ13C and δ15N values to reveal the characteristics of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. The maximum safe daily consumption was estimated based on the oral reference dose (0.1 μg kg-1 bw/day according to US-EPA, 2017). The results showed that the mean THg and MeHg concentrations in fish from the TGR tributaries were 73.18 ± 49.21 ng g-1 and 48.42 ± 40.66 ng g-1, respectively, with the trophic magnification factors (TMFs) of THg and MeHg being 0.066 and 0.060, respectively. Among all the fish species in the tributaries, the highest daily maximum safe consumption amount was 1253.89 g for S. asotus consumed by adults, while the lowest was 62.88 g for C. nasus consumed by children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xueheng Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Resources, Environment and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing 402260, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Hongjian Lü
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Fu
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jiajia Li
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; National Base of International S&T Collaboration on Water Environmental Monitoring and Simulation in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jeong H, Byeon E, Kim DH, Maszczyk P, Lee JS. Heavy metals and metalloid in aquatic invertebrates: A review of single/mixed forms, combination with other pollutants, and environmental factors. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 191:114959. [PMID: 37146547 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals (HMs) and metalloid occur naturally and are found throughout the Earth's crust but they are discharged into aquatic environments at high concentrations by human activities, increasing heavy metal pollution. HMs can bioaccumulate in higher organisms through the food web and consequently affect humans. In an aquatic environment, various HMs mixtures can be present. Furthermore, HMs adsorb on other environmental pollutants, such as microplastics and persistent organic pollutants, causing a synergistic or antagonistic effect on aquatic organisms. Therefore, to understand the biological and physiological effects of HMs on aquatic organisms, it is important to evaluate the effects of exposure to combinations of complex HM mixtures and/or pollutants and other environmental factors. Aquatic invertebrates occupy an important niche in the aquatic food chain as the main energy link between higher and lower organisms. The distribution of heavy metals and the resulting toxic effects in aquatic invertebrates have been extensively studied, but few reports have dealt with the relationship between HMs, pollutants, and environmental factors in biological systems with regard to biological availability and toxicity. This review describes the overall properties of individual HM and their effects on aquatic invertebrates and comprehensively reviews physiological and biochemical endpoints in aquatic invertebrates depending on interactions among HMs, other pollutants, and environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haksoo Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Eunjin Byeon
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Duck-Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea
| | - Piotr Maszczyk
- Department of Hydrobiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jae-Seong Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ai L, Ma B, Shao S, Zhang L, Zhang L. Heavy metals in Chinese freshwater fish: Levels, regional distribution, sources and health risk assessment. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 853:158455. [PMID: 36063941 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
China is a major producer and consumer of freshwater fish, which can provide nutrients to the human body but is also of great concern because of the bioaccumulation and amplification of heavy metals that are directly related to human health. In this paper, we reviewed the accumulation and distribution patterns of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) in freshwater fish from 2010 to 2020 in nine basins of China (Yangtze River, Pearl River, Yellow River, Haihe River, Huaihe River, Songhua and Liaohe River, Continental, Southeast, and Southwest basins), assessed the health risks, and compared them with those in Chinese marine fish, international freshwater fish, Chinese wild freshwater fish, and artificially cultured freshwater fish. The results showed that 1) the pollution status of the five heavy metals in freshwater fish from nine basins in China is at an intermediate level internationally; 2) the magnitude of heavy metal concentration in four types of artificially farmed freshwater fish and wild freshwater fish is ranked as follows: rice-farmed fish < cage-farmed fish < pond-farmed fish < lake-farmed fish < wild fish; 3) the noncarcinogenic risk factors for heavy metals in freshwater fish in the nine major basins in China were <1 for adults, but the noncarcinogenic risk factors for heavy metals in freshwater fish in the Yellow River, Yangtze River, Pearl River, Songhua and Liaohe River, and Huaihe River basins were all >1 for children.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liuhuan Ai
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Bing Ma
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Shiwei Shao
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266005, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arif M, Jiajia L, Dongdong D, Xinrui H, Qianwen G, Fan Y, Songlin Z, Changxiao L. Effect of topographical features on hydrologically connected riparian landscapes across different land-use patterns in colossal dams and reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 851:158131. [PMID: 35988615 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Topographic features impact the riparian landscape, which shapes reservoir ecosystems. We know little about ecological network parameter (ENP) responses to topographical features (riparian width, stream-channel width, slope, and elevation) from three land-use areas (rural, urban, and rural-urban transitional) in larger dams and reservoirs globally. This study used a field-based approach with 305 transects on an inundated area of 58,000 km2 inside the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR) in China. We discovered that topographical features influenced ENPs differently, involving parameters of plant cover, regeneration, exotics, erosion, habitat, and stressors. As per the Pearson correlation (p < 0.05), riparian width had the most significant effect on transitional ENPs and the least impact on urban ENPs. Riparian width showed the most important influence on the parameters of exotics (with r ≤ -0.44) and erosion (r ≤ 0.56). In contrast, stream-channel widths had the greatest effect on rural ENPs and the least on urban and transitional ENPs. The erosion parameters were the most affected (r ≤ -0.26) by stream width. The slope showed relationships with the fewest ENPs in all three areas and influenced the stress (with a range of -0.51 <r < 0.85) and erosion (r ≤ -0.39) parameters. The impact of elevation was higher in urban areas and was positively correlated with the parameters of plant cover (r ≤ 0.70), erosion (r ≤ 0.58), and habitat (r ≤ 0.69). These results justify the policy emphasis on riparian areas that are managed using the same techniques, which generally ignores their topographical features.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Jiajia
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ding Dongdong
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - He Xinrui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Geng Qianwen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhang Songlin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Li Changxiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu XB, Lin C, Wu YY, Huang HN, Zhu LT, Jiang R, Huang Q. Dataset-based assessment of heavy metal contamination in freshwater fishes and their health risks. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:49985-49997. [PMID: 35224696 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-19427-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The ecological risks and health hazards of heavy metals pollution in Taihu Lake have received widespread concern. This study has developed a species-pollution dataset which includes a large amount of data on heavy metal pollution in Taihu fish. The heavy metal contamination poses a significant threat to human consumption, but no studies have been conducted to assess the risk of exposure to consumption of these fish and to make recommendations for their consumption. In this study, we systematically integrated the relevant data in the dataset, analyzed its contamination level using PI (single pollution index) and MPI (metal pollution index) models, and assessed health hazards of fish consumption using THQ (target hazard quotient) and ILCR (incremental lifetime cancer risk) models. Results showed that the contamination levels of heavy metals in fish varied in a feeding habit and living habit dependent manner. The risk of non-cancer health is the highest from consuming omnivorous fish, then from carnivorous and herbivorous fish. The ILCR model predicted that the long-term Taihu consumption of omnivorous fish may pose a potential carcinogenic risk, especially for children. In all, our study provided a comprehensive understanding on the risk of heavy metals in Taihu. Accordingly, it is recommended that children should try to choose herbivorous fish when consuming fish from Taihu Lake while avoiding long-term consumption of omnivorous fish.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Bo Liu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Congtian Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservational Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People's Republic of China
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang-Yu Wu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Ning Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Ting Zhu
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Ru Jiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330006, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiansheng Huang
- Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
- National Basic Science Data Center, Beijing, 100190, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zhang S, Wang W, Wang F, Zhang D, Rose NL. Temporal-spatial variations, source apportionment, and ecological risk of trace elements in sediments of water-level-fluctuation zone in the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18282-18297. [PMID: 34687419 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-17066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) plays a crucial role in providing electricity for mega-cities across China. However, since the impoundment was completed in 2006, attention to environmental concerns has also been intensive. In order to determine the distribution, sources, and pollution status of trace elements in the water fluctuation zone of the TGR following ten years of repeated "submergence" and "exposure", we systematically collected 16 paired surface sediment samples (n = 32) covering the entire main body of the TGR in March 2018 (following 6 months of submergence) and September 2018 (after 6 months of exposure), and quantitatively analyzed 13 elements (e.g., Mn, Fe, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Sr, Y, Zr, Ba, and Pb) using X-ray fluorescence spectrophotometry (XRF). The results showed that, except for Sr, concentrations of trace metals following submergence were generally higher than those after exposure due to the less settling of suspended solids at the faster flow velocity during the drawdown period. Assessment using enrichment factors (EFs) and a geo-accumulation index (Igeo) both characterized a relatively serious anthropogenic pollution status of metals in the upper reaches of the TGR with respect to the middle-lower reaches. Source apportionment by positive matrix factorization (PMF) analysis indicated that agricultural activities (24.8 and 24.3%, respectively) and industrial emissions (24.5 and 22.9%, respectively) were the two major sources in these two periods, followed by natural sources, domestic sewage, and ore mining. Ecological risk assessment showed that metalloid arsenic (As) could be the main potential issue of risk to aquatic organisms and human health. A new source-specific risk assessment method (pRI) combined with PMF revealed that agricultural activities could be the major source of potential ecological risk and should be prioritized as the focus of metal/metalloid risk management in the TGR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Weiru Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Fengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China.
| | - Daijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
- Department of Environmental Science, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Neil L Rose
- Environmental Change Research Centre, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hu X, Arif M, Ding D, Li J, He X, Li C. Invasive Plants and Species Richness Impact Litter Decomposition in Riparian Zones. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:955656. [PMID: 35873999 PMCID: PMC9301390 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.955656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Natural ecosystems generally include litter decomposition as part of the natural cycle since the material properties and the environment greatly influence the decomposition rate. The invasion of exotic plants alters the species diversity and growth characteristics of plant communities, but its impact on litter decomposition is unknown in the riparian zone. This study examines how invasive plants affect the early stages of litter decomposition and how species richness impacts them. This experiment involved a random litter mixture of exotic (Alternanthera philoxeroides and Bidens pilosa) and native species in the riparian zone of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir in China. There were 43 species mixture types, with various species richness ranging from 1 to 6. Litterbags were placed in the hydro-fluctuation zone and terrestrial zone, where they decomposed over the course of 55 days. Invasive plants decompose rapidly compared to native plants (35.71% of the remaining mass of the invasive plant). The invasive plant A. philoxeroides has the potential to accelerate native plant decomposition (0.29 of non-added synergetic effect), but Bidens pilosa cannot. Nonetheless, species richness had little effect on the decomposition rate. These effects are dependent upon differences in chemical functional characteristics among the species. The initial traits of the plants, specifically C, N, and C/N, were significantly and linearly correlated with the loss of mixed litter mass and mixing effect strength (P < 0.01). In addition, submergence decomposition conditions reduce the disturbance of invasive plants and predict decomposition rates based on litter characteristics. Invasive plants can therefore impact the material cycle of an ecosystem. There is a need to examine decomposition time, which may also involve considering other factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Biological Science Research Center, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Dongdong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xinrui He
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Changxiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- *Correspondence: Changxiao Li
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yang J, Xie Q, Wang Y, Wang J, Zhang Y, Zhang C, Wang D. Exposure of the residents around the Three Gorges Reservoir, China to chromium, lead and arsenic and their health risk via food consumption. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:112997. [PMID: 34808509 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hydrological management of the Three Gorges Dam has resulted in the interception of heavy metals in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR). However, the exposure to heavy metals and health risks among local residents remained poorly understood. Here we collected 208 biomarker samples (hair) and 20 food species from typical regions in the TGR to assess the exposure levels of three toxic metals (Cr, Pb and As) in residents of the TGR, and subsequently investigated their health risk via dietary intake. Results indicated that hair Cr and As levels were below the reference value for normal people and threshold of skin lesions, respectively, whereas about 22% hair Pb exceeded the reference for clinical medicine, indicating a potential Pb exposure of local residents. Smoking habit and fish consumption were found to be predictors for hair Pb. In addition, the concentrations of heavy metals in all investigated food samples were below the limits of contaminants in food in China, except for Pb in the sweet potato and fish. The estimated daily intake of metals (DIMs) revealed that the intakes of Cr and As from studied food were under the recommended thresholds of Cr and As. However, the intake of Pb via diet exceeded the limit of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and closed to the threshold for cardiovascular, which was probably associated with the high Pb concentrations of fish and sweet potato. Overall, residents around the TGR were at low exposure to Cr and As, but Pb exposure may need more attention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Yang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qing Xie
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Juan Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yongjiang Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Department of Environment and Quality Test, Chongqing Chemical Industry Vocational College, Chongqing 401220, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Dingyong Wang
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Agriculture Green Development in Yangtze River Basin, College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Response of Annual Herbaceous Plant Leaching and Decomposition to Periodic Submergence in Mega-Reservoirs: Changes in Litter Nutrients and Soil Properties for Restoration. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10111141. [PMID: 34827134 PMCID: PMC8614921 DOI: 10.3390/biology10111141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary This research focuses on the leaching and decomposition of riparian zone plants, which lose mass and release nutrients due to changing water levels during their vigorous growth period. While different factors greatly influence litter decomposition, the change in soil characteristics over various depths and their relationship to litter are largely unknown in mega-reservoir settings. Current research explores how annual plants decompose and release nutrients while they are submerged in soggy circumstances. Flooding circumstances can hasten plant mass loss and nutrient release, as well as change soil and water characteristics. This research found that sediment hindered the loss of mass and C, N, and P elements while stimulating the release of the K element. The litter decomposition of annual herbaceous plants has minimal impact on the overall amount of carbon and nutrients in the soil when the soil is saturated with water. This is linked to water leaching and soil element transformation. However, this does not imply that the significance of litter for soil nutrition is minor. It is essential to investigate the continuing production of residual soil litter nutrients after the water level has receded. Abstract Litter decomposition is an important soil nutrient source that promotes vegetation in deteriorated riparian zones worldwide. The periodic submergence and sediment burial effects on two prominent annual herbaceous plants (Echinochloa crusgali and Bidens tripartite) are little known in mega-reservoir settings. Our study focuses on the mass and carbon loss and nutrient release from E. crusgali and B. tripartitle litter and changes in soil properties, which are important for riparian zone rehabilitation in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China. This study adopted the litter bag method to explore the nutrient change characteristics and changes in soil properties at different sediment burial depths under flooding scenarios. Three burial depths (0 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm) were used for these two plants, and the experiment lasted for 180 days. The results revealed that the litter decay rate was high at first in the incubation experiment, and the nutrient loss rate followed the pattern of K > P > N > C. The relationship between % C remaining and % mass remaining was nearly 1:1, and the total amount of P exhibited a leaching–enrichment–release state in the decomposition process. Nutrients were changed significantly in the soil and overlying water at the first decomposition stage. Still, the total soil nutrient change was insignificant at the end, except for the 10 cm burial of B. tripartitle. Moreover, oxidation–reduction potential was the main factor in the litter decomposition process at different burial depths. This study indicated that sediment deposition reduced litter mass loss, slowed down the release of N and P, and retained more C, but promoted the release of K. Conclusively, in litter decomposition under waterlogging, the total soil nutrient content changed little. However, litter does more to the soil than that. Therefore, it is necessary to study the residual soil litter’s continuous output after the water level declines for restoration purposes.
Collapse
|
13
|
Yang N, Zhang C, Wang L, Li Y, Zhang W, Niu L, Zhang H, Wang L. Nitrogen cycling processes and the role of multi-trophic microbiota in dam-induced river-reservoir systems. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 206:117730. [PMID: 34619413 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen (N) cycle is one of the most important nutrient cycles in river systems, and it plays an important role in maintaining biogeochemical balance and global climate stability. One of the main ways that humans have altered riverine ecosystems is through the construction of hydropower dams, which have major effects on biogeochemical cycles. Most previous studies examining the effects of damming on N cycling have focused on the whole budget or flux along rivers, and the role of river as N sources or sinks at the global or catchment scale. However, so far there is still lack of comprehensive and systematic summarize on N cycling and the controlling mechanisms in reservoirs affected by dam impoundment. In this review, we firstly summarize N cycling processes along the longitudinal riverine-transition-lacustrine gradient and the vertically stratified epilimnion-thermocline-hypolimnion gradient. Specifically, we highlight the direct and indirect roles of multi-trophic microbiota and their interactions in N cycling and discuss the main factors controlling these biotic processes. In addition, future research directions and challenges in incorporating multi-trophic levels in bioassessment, environmental flow design, as well as reservoir regulation and restoration are summarized. This review will aid future studies of N fluxes along dammed rivers and provide an essential reference for reservoir management to meet ecological needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Chi Zhang
- College of Mechanics and Materials, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Linqiong Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China.
| | - Wenlong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Lihua Niu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Huanjun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| | - Longfei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lake of Ministry of Education, College of Environment, Hohai University, Xikang Road #1, Nanjing 210098, P R China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Arif M, Jie Z, Wokadala C, Songlin Z, Zhongxun Y, Zhangting C, Zhi D, Xinrui H, Changxiao L. Assessing riparian zone changes under the influence of stress factors in higher-order streams and tributaries: Implications for the management of massive dams and reservoirs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 776:146011. [PMID: 33647660 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Riparian ecosystem services along higher-order streams and connected tributaries may change over time as disturbances continuously increase, resulting in diverse deterioration of buffer zones. How habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and exotic parameters (riparian health conditions) change within huge dams and reservoirs worldwide is an unanswered question. We used multivariate statistical techniques to assess changes in riparian health parameters affected by disturbances identified in 304 transects within the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China, and associated tributaries. Kruskal-Wallis tests (p < 0.01) revealed high diversity in habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and overall stream condition. There was also notable variance relating to exotic and pressure parameters. The critical variables of riparian health indicators and stress factors identified by principal component analysis explained 58.40% and 74.6% (in the main waterway) and 53.23% and 71.0% (in the tributaries) of the total variance. Among riparian health indicators, one habitat parameter (riparian vegetation width) in the main waterway and one regeneration parameter (tree size classes) in tributaries contributed greatly, along with other specified parameters. Furthermore, stress factors such as farming systems, land-use types, and pollutant activity variables had the highest impact on these water bodies. In comparison, counting stress factors alone showed more deterioration in the main waterway with a range of (r = -0.527- 0.493), as determined using Pearson correlation (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after indexing, the parameters exhibited weaker coefficient values in tributaries, where exotic correlated negatively with other indexed values. These findings are relevant for managers of massive dam and reservoir ecosystems seeking to mitigate environmental and socioeconomic losses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Arif
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; Punjab Forest Department, Government of Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan.
| | - Zheng Jie
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Charles Wokadala
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhang Songlin
- Key Laboratory of Reservoir Aquatic Environment, Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China.
| | - Yuan Zhongxun
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Chen Zhangting
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Dong Zhi
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - He Xinrui
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Li Changxiao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education), Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Ecology and Resources Research in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region, College of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pham HT, Dinh KV, Hoang THT. Reversible and irreversible transgenerational effects of metal exposure on nine generations of a tropical micro-crustacean. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 276:116631. [PMID: 33631692 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Micro-crustaceans are important grazers that control the algal blooms in eutrophic lakes. However, we know little about how these key species may be affected by long-term exposure to contaminants and when the transgenerational effects are reversible and irreversible. To address this, we investigated the effects of lead (Pb, 100 μg L-1) exposure on morphology and reproduction of Moina dubia for nine consecutive generations (F1-F9) in three treatments: control, Pb, and pPb (M. dubia from Pb-exposed parents returned to the control condition). In F1-F2, Pb did not affect morphology, and reproduction of M. dubia. In all later generations, Pb-exposed M. dubia had a smaller body and shorter antennae than those in control. In F3-F6, pPb-exposed animals showed no differences in body size and antennae compared to the control, suggesting recoverable effects. In F7-F9, the body size and antennae of pPb-exposed animals did not differ compared to Pb-exposed ones, and both were smaller than the control animals, suggesting irreversible effects. Pb exposure reduced the brood size, number of broods and total neonates per female in F3-F9, yet the reproduction could recover in pPb treatment until F7. No recovery of the brood size and number of broods per female was observed in pPb-exposed animals in the F8-F9. Our study suggests that long-term exposure to metals, here Pb, may cause irreversible impairments in morphology and reproduction of tropical urban micro-crustaceans that may lower the top-down control on algal blooms and functioning of eutrophic urban lakes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong T Pham
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Faculty of Chemistry and Environment, Thuyloi University, No 175 Tay Son Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Khuong V Dinh
- Department of Fisheries Biology, Nha Trang University, No 2 Nguyen Dinh Chieu Street, Nha Trang City, Viet Nam
| | - Thu-Huong T Hoang
- School of Environmental Science and Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, No 1 Dai Co Viet Street, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Lu Q, Xu Z, Xu X, Liu L, Liang L, Chen Z, Dong X, Li C, Qiu G. Cadmium exposure as a key risk factor for residents in a world large-scale barite mining district, southwestern China. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 269:129387. [PMID: 33387789 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.129387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) contamination is easily generated during the mining and manufacturing of barium (Ba). In this study, concentrations of both Ba and Cd in rice, vegetables, pork, fish, drinking water, and soil samples from an active barite mining district were determined. Daily intakes of Ba and Cd, as well as corresponding health risks, were evaluated. The average total daily exposure doses of Cd were 0.0035 and 0.0012 mg/kg BW/day (geometric mean) in the mining zone (MZ) and the chemical plant zone (PZ), respectively. These values significantly exceed the provisional tolerable monthly intake (25 μg/kg BW/month, equal to 0.00083 mg/kg BW/day). Based on the daily exposure doses, vegetable consumption was the most significant Ba exposure route for residents, contributing around 66.1% of the total exposure. In contrast, rice consumption was the major Cd exposure pathway, accounting for about 85.6% of the total exposure. Although the geometric mean (0.17) and 95th percentile (P95, 0.75) of the total hazard quotient (HQ) for Ba were below the acceptable level (1), suggesting that there were no significant health effects caused by Ba exposure, Cd exposure was associated with significant health risks, with the geometric mean of the HQ (1.7) and the P95 (21) well above the acceptable limit (1), indicating the unacceptable non-carcinogenic risk of Cd exposure. In summary, high Cd exposure risk, rather than Ba, was observed for populations living in a large-scale active Ba mining area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinhui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhidong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Xiaohang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Lin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Longchao Liang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China.
| | - Xian Dong
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Guangle Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, 550081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Chen S, Tan X, Tang S, Zeng J, Liu H. Removal of sulfamethazine and Cu 2+ by Sakaguchia cladiensis A5: Performance and transcriptome analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 746:140956. [PMID: 32745848 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the potential risks of contamination of antibiotics and heavy metals to ecological environment and human safety, biological removal of these composite pollutants is the focus of much study. One previously identified isolate, Sakaguchia cladiensis A5, was used to decompose sulfamethazine (SMZ) and adsorb Cu2+. The ability of A5 to remove SMZ was enhanced by pre-induced culture, which reached 49.8% on day 9. The removal of SMZ could be also increased to 37.6% on day 3 in the presence of Cu2+, but only to 12.2% in the system without Cu2+. The biosorption of Cu2+ mainly occurred on the cell walls, while the biodegradation of SMZ was inside the cells. By comparative transcriptome analysis for A5, 1270 and 2220 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified after treating single SMZ and SMZ/Cu2+, respectively. The Gene expression pattern analysis suggested a suppression of transcriptional changes in A5 responding to SMZ/Cu2+ as compared to under the sole stress of SMZ. The DEGs functional enrichment analysis suggested that the antioxidant and sulfate assimilation pathways played a key role on SMZ biodegradation and Cu2+ biosorption. The DEGs of proteins CAT, PRDX5, SAT, and CYSC were up-regulated to facilitate the resistance of A5 against oxidative toxicity of Cu2+. Moreover, the protein MET30 activated by Cu2+ was also overexpressed to promote the transmembrane transport of SMZ, such that A5 could decompose SMZ more effectively in SMZ/Cu2+ system. The results of this study would provide new insights into the mechanism of biodegradation and biosorption of SMZ/Cu2+.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuona Chen
- College of Natural Resources and Environment of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China.
| | - Xiao Tan
- South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, MPP, Guangzhou 510655, China
| | - Shaoyu Tang
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Jieyi Zeng
- College of Natural Resources and Environment of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Huiling Liu
- College of Natural Resources and Environment of South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Huang Q, Yang L, Li B, Du H, Zhao F, Han L, Wang Q, Deng Y, Xiao G, Wang D. Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis emissions from humans and animals in the Three Gorges Reservoir in Chongqing, China. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9985. [PMID: 33194374 PMCID: PMC7646300 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia duodenalis are two waterborne protozoan parasites that can cause diarrhea. Human and animal feces in surface water are a major source of these pathogens. This paper presents a GloWPa-TGR-Crypto model that estimates Cryptosporidium and G. duodenalis emissions from human and animal feces in the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR), and uses scenario analysis to predict the effects of sanitation, urbanization, and population growth on oocyst and cyst emissions for 2050. Our model estimated annual emissions of 1.6 × 1015 oocysts and 2.1 × 1015 cysts from human and animal feces, respectively. Humans were the largest contributors of oocysts and cysts, followed by pigs and poultry. Cities were hot-spots for human emissions, while districts with high livestock populations accounted for the highest animal emissions. Our model was the most sensitive to oocyst excretion rates. The results indicated that 74% and 87% of total emissions came from urban areas and humans, respectively, and 86% of total human emissions were produced by the urban population. The scenario analysis showed a potential decrease in oocyst and cyst emissions with improvements in urbanization, sanitation, wastewater treatment, and manure management, regardless of population increase. Our model can further contribute to the understanding of environmental pathways, the risk assessment of Cryptosporidium and Giardia pollution, and effective prevention and control strategies that can reduce the outbreak of waterborne diseases in the TGR and other similar watersheds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Huang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Yang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Huihui Du
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Feng Zhao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Han
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Qilong Wang
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunjia Deng
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Guosheng Xiao
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.,Engineering Technology Research Center of Characteristic Biological Resources in Northeast Chongqing, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China.,Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wanzhou, Chongqing, China
| | - Dayong Wang
- Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Yin D, Peng F, He T, Xu Y, Wang Y. Ecological risks of heavy metals as influenced by water-level fluctuations in a polluted plateau wetland, southwest China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 742:140319. [PMID: 32634688 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Caohai wetland, one of karst plateau wetlands in southwest China, is given more attention due to the serious heavy metal (HM) pollution from artisanal zinc smelting activities. A natural hydrological change has caused this wetland to form a water-level fluctuating zone. This raises a question of whether such an area has elevated HM risks to the aquatic environment, and it was explored by a field investigation and biological exposure experiment. The results showed that Caohai sediment properties were significantly altered by water-level fluctuation, and the permanently inundated sediment had obviously higher organic matter (SOM) concentrations (32.62 ± 9.37%), humification levels (ratio of C to H, 6.81 ± 0.97), and Fe oxide fractions (12.29 ± 3.17%) than seasonally inundated sediment (4.94 ± 2.25%, 1.33 ± 0.75, and 8.72 ± 1.87%, respectively). These significantly enhanced the competition and retention, resulting in the increased accumulation, whereas reduced bioavailability of HMs. In comparison, the mean bioaccumulation capacity of Zn, Pb and Cd by wild benthos at the seasonally inundated area respectively increased by 2, 11 and 20 times higher than that at the permanently inundated area, which was further verified in the biological incubation experiment. Our results suggest that hydraulic fluctuation can greatly shape the sediment properties to increase the ecological risks of HMs to organisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deliang Yin
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Fengcheng Peng
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tianrong He
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Guizhou Karst Environmental Ecosystems Observation and Research Station, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Yiyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Resources and Environment, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yongmin Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Yang Q, Shao Y, Du H, Lin X, Wang L, Luo Z, Ge L, Wang E. IMPACT OF THE THREE GORGES WATER CONSERVANCY PROJECT ON RADIOACTIVITY CONCENTRATION LEVELS IN SURROUNDING WATERS. RADIATION PROTECTION DOSIMETRY 2020; 189:505-516. [PMID: 32472124 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncaa065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Large-scale water conservancy projects bear much economic and social significance. However, there is a lack of systematic research on how such projects affect radioactivity levels in regional water bodies. For the first time, the present paper uses data for nearly 10 y at different impoundment levels during construction of the dam to analyze changes in water radioactivity concentration levels in China's Three Gorges region, in order to provide a valuable reference for evaluating the impact of large-scale water conservancy projects on radioactivity concentration levels. Results show that gross α, gross β, U, Th, 226Ra, 40K, 90Sr and 137Cs levels in the water bodies of the Three Gorges region fall within normal limits and annual effective dose for the adults, children and infants are below the WHO recommended reference level of 0.1 mSv per y. The period where the sample was collected and spatial distribution are the main reasons why some radionuclides are not normally distributed. Different water levels during different periods result in large variations in the levels of certain radionuclides, indicating that water levels can have a strong influence on radionuclide levels in reservoir regions. Hence, when evaluating the impact of large-scale water conservancy projects on radioactivity levels, analysis should be carried out on samples collected during different periods in order to make accurate assessments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Yang
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
- School of Medicine, Sichuan Cancer Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Shao
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Hengyan Du
- Chongqing Radiation Environment Supervision and Management Station, Chongqing 400015, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Lin
- Chongqing Radiation Environment Supervision and Management Station, Chongqing 400015, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyi Luo
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangquan Ge
- Applied Nuclear Technology in Geosciences Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, People's Republic of China
| | - Erqi Wang
- Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of People's Republic of China, Beijing 100082, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Evaluating the Effects of Pressure Indicators on Riparian Zone Health Conditions in the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir, China. FORESTS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/f11020214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The possible negative impacts of flow regulation on riparian zone conditions can be observed due to the disruption of the natural flow regime in reservoirs. In spite of considerable literature on the qualitative effects of external disturbances on riparian health indicators (RHIs), quantitative evaluations of such changes induced by pressure are rare in the literature. Our study evaluated the effects of pressure indicators on the RHIs, and the responses of RHIs relevant to the riparian zones of the Three Gorges Dam Reservoir (TGDR), China, by using the field-based approach. This paper is a component of a large project—rapid appraisal of riparian condition for the TGDR, China. The analysis has compared pressures (13 indicators) and RHIs (27 indicators) determined from the transects (259) identified throughout the TGDR (within 15 counties) by categorizing into upstream, midstream, and downstream. By using basic statistical techniques (Kruskal-Wallis tests and Pearson’s correlation), pressure indicators were found to significantly differently influence RHIs for the categorized three sections of the riparian zones of the TGDR. The correlation analysis confirmed that the pressure indicators correlated (range of r = −0.496–0.971) with the RHIs (enlisted as habitat, plant cover, regeneration, erosion, and exotic parameters). Moreover, pressure indicators were found to have a highly significant influence on erosion and habitat parameters, but moderate effects on plant cover, exotic and regeneration parameters. In addition, the highest relative effect of the pressure indicators was detected in the upstream transects, whereas the lowest was in the downstream transects. Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster analysis also confirmed the substantial dissimilarity in the upstream transects, whereas significant similarities were identified between midstream and downstream transects. These results may be particularly important in the planning stages, to help administrators and planners form better priorities and treatments for reach-scale conservation and restoration of wide-ranging riparian zones.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lin L, Li C, Yang W, Zhao L, Liu M, Li Q, Crittenden JC. Spatial variations and periodic changes in heavy metals in surface water and sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 240:124837. [PMID: 31542575 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Substantial changes have occurred in hydrological situation of the Three Gorges Reservoir (TGR) after the operation of the Three Gorges project, as have the heavy metals (HMs) pollution characteristics. In this study, concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, and Cd in surface water and sediments of the TGR were determined during the water impoundment period (December 2015) and water drawdown period (June 2016). The index of geoaccumulation, principal component analysis (PCA), and correlation analysis were used to analyze HMs pollution characteristics. Results showed that HMs concentrations in surface water were much lower than the quality standards for drinking water and surface water of China. The pollution levels of HMs in sediments were nonpolluted for Cr, nonpolluted to moderately polluted for Cu, Zn, Pb, and moderately polluted for Cd. In the fluctuating backflow zone, HMs concentrations in sediments during the water drawdown period were lower than those during the water impoundment period, which was attributed to that faster flow velocity during the water drawdown period resulted in less deposition of suspended solids and faster release of HMs pollutants from sediments to water. HMs concentrations of sediments at sites M14 and M17 showed similar periodic changes to those at the fluctuating backflow zone, which might be attributed to the density-stratified flow in the adjacent upstream tributaries (Meixi River and Qinggan River, respectively). Correlation analysis and PCA analysis results showed that for the sediments, Cr came from natural sources, while Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cd mainly came from anthropogenic sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
| | - Chao Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Wenjun Yang
- Administration Office, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Liangyuan Zhao
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Min Liu
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - Qingyun Li
- Basin Water Environmental Research Department, Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China; Key Lab of Basin Water Resource and Eco-Environmental Science in Hubei Province, Wuhan, Hubei, 430010, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute of Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
| |
Collapse
|