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Shokri S, Bonakdarpour B, Abdollahzadeh Sharghi E. How high salt shock affects performance and membrane fouling characteristics of a halophilic membrane bioreactor used for treating hypersaline wastewater. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 354:141716. [PMID: 38490610 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the effect of short-term salt shocks (13% and 20%) on the performance of a halophilic MBR bioreactor used to treat a hypersaline (5% salt) synthetic wastewater was considered. 13% and 20% salt shocks resulted in a transient and permanent decrease in chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency, respectively which could be correlated with soluble microbial products (SMP) concentration and specific oxygen uptake rate values of the halophilic population. DNA leakage tests suggested that both 13% and 20% short-term salt shocks resulted in some cell structural damage. During both 13% and 20% salt shocks mixed liquor SMP, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), zeta potential and endogenous respiration increased while relative hydrophobicity, EPSp/EPSc and exogenous respiration decreased; in both cases, however, the pre-shock values for these parameters were restored after the removal of the salt shock. 13% salt shock resulted in a transient increase in the membrane fouling rate and a permanent rise in total membrane resistance (Rt). On the other hand, both membrane fouling rate and Rt increased during 20% salt shock. Membrane fouling rate initially reduced after the 20% salt shock removal but after 5 days a "TMP jump" occurred. The latter was caused by the higher steady state SMPc and SMPp concentrations after removal of 20% salt shock compared to pre-shock values. This might have either resulted in a decrease in critical flux or an increase in local flux above critical flux in some parts of the membrane. The contribution of cake layer resistance to overall membrane resistance increased after the 13% and 20% salt shocks. The findings of the present study reveal the robustness of halophilic MBRs against salt shocks in the treatment of hypersaline wastewater. However, in cases of very high salt shocks, appropriate membrane fouling reduction strategies should be carried out during its operation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousan Shokri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Bonakdarpour
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran.
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Liu S, Zhou M, Daigger GT, Huang J, Song G. Granule formation mechanism, key influencing factors, and resource recycling in aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment: A review. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 338:117771. [PMID: 37004484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The high-efficiency and additionally economic benefits generated from aerobic granular sludge (AGS) wastewater treatment have led to its increasing popularity among academics and industrial players. The AGS process can recycle high value-added biomaterials including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), sodium alginate-like external polymer (ALE), polyhydroxyfatty acid (PHA), and phosphorus (P), etc., which can serve various fields including agriculture, construction, and chemical while removing pollutants from wastewaters. The effects of various key operation parameters on formation and structural stability of AGS are comprehensively summarized. The degradable metabolism of typical pollutants and corresponding microbial diversity and succession in the AGS wastewater treatment system are also discussed, especially with a focus on emerging contaminants removal. In addition, recent attempts for potentially effective production of high value-added biomaterials from AGS are proposed, particularly concerning improving the yield, quality, and application of these biomaterials. This review aims to provide a reference for in-depth research on the AGS process, suggesting a new alternative for wastewater treatment recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuli Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China; Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Miao Zhou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Glen T Daigger
- Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Michigan, 2350 Hayward St, G.G. Brown Building, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jianping Huang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China.
| | - Gangfu Song
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Zhengzhou, 450000, China; Zhongzhou Water Holding Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou, 450046, China.
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Hao T, Shao J, Hu P, Varjani S, Qian G. Achieving tetracycline removal enhancement with granules in marine matrices: Performance, adaptation, and mechanism studies. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 371:128590. [PMID: 36627084 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Using the aerobic granular sludge (AGS) to improve tetracycline (TET) removal in the treatment of mariculture wastewater was investigated in the present study. The AGS rapidly adapted to and was sustained in seawater matrices with a robust granule strength (k = 0.0014) and a more stable sludge yield than the activated sludge (AS) (0.14 vs 0.11 g-VSS/g-CODrem). The compact structure provided the AGS with an anoxic environment, which favored the growth of N (37.3 %) and P removal bacteria (30.4 %) and the expression of functional genes (nos, nor, and nar), resulting in more than 62 % TN and TP removals, respectively. Similar abundances of aromatic compound-degrading bacteria (∼34 %) in both reactors (AGS and AS) led to comparable TET biodegradation efficiencies (∼0.045 mg/g-VSS). The greater size and surface area of the AGS expanded the boundary layer diffusion region, leading to 16 % increases in the granule's TET adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianwei Hao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Jingyi Shao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China
| | - Sunita Varjani
- Gujarat Pollution Control Board, Gandhinagar, Gujarat 382 010, India
| | - Guangsheng Qian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China; Centre for Regional Oceans, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Macau, Macau 999078, China.
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Liu Z, Zhang D, Ning F, Zhang S, Hou Y, Gao M, Wang J, Zhang A, Liu Y. Resistance and adaptation of mature algal-bacterial granular sludge under salinity stress. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160558. [PMID: 36574543 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The study investigated the response characteristics of algal-bacterial granular sludge (ABGS) under salinity stress (0 % → 2 %). At 1 % salinity, the sludge performance was inhibited, while recovered rapidly, indicating the ABGS exhibited resistance. However, at 2 % salinity, the suppressed performances did not recover until the stress was eliminated. Under salinity stress, the nutrient removal capacity of the system and the composition and chemical characteristics of extracellular polymers substances also changed. Meanwhile, the ABGS formed adaptation to salinity stress in the early coping process. As a result, the effect of the second 2 % salinity on ABGS was significantly weakened. High-throughput sequencing results showed that the microbial community in ABGS shifted under salinity stress, and the halophilic bacteria genera Arcobacter, Denitromonas, Azoarcus, etc. were enriched, which might be the genetic basis of the adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China; Yulin Ecological Environment Monitoring Station, High-tech Zone Xingda Road, Yulin 719000, China.
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Fangzhi Ning
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Shumin Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yiwen Hou
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Min Gao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Polytechnic University, Jin Hua Nan Road, No. 19, Xi'an 710048, China
| | - Jiaxuan Wang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 58, Xi'an 11 710054, China
| | - Aining Zhang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Yongjun Liu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Yan Ta Road, No. 13, Xi'an 710055, China; Key Lab of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
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Sun Y, Li X, Liu G. Enhanced pollutants removal and high-value cell inclusions accumulation with Fe 2+ in heavy oil refinery treatment system using Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133520. [PMID: 35032517 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions has been widely used as a method of improving pollutant removal efficiency in wastewater biological treatment system. In order to enhance pollutants removal and high-value cell inclusions accumulation in heavy oil refinery wastewater treatment systems using PSB, different reactors were built feeding with different Fe2+ concentrations respectively, and run with enriching Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas in the reactors. Solute chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), ammonia (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N), nitrous nitrogen (NO2--N), Fe2+, and related cell inclusions were all detected, moreover, microbial community structure and the quantity of Rhodopseudomonas and Pseudomonas were also detected. The results showed that at the optimal dosage of Fe2+ with 20 mg/L, the corresponding removal ratios of solute chemical oxygen demand and ammonia were 73.51% and 92.26%, respectively. The yields of carotenoid, bacteriochlorophyll, and coenzyme Q10 were 11.18, 6.75, and 9.84 mg/g-DCW respectively. Furthermore, with 20 mg/L Fe2+ dosage, the relative abundance and gene number of Rhodopseudomonas were the highest in the system, which were 91.57% and 1.843 × 106 gene copies/μL, while Fe2+ had no obvious effect on the growth of Pseudomonas. The results showed that adding Fe2+ has improved the removal of pollutants and accumulation of high-value cells inclusions, also provided theoretical guidance for the treatment of heavy oil refinery wastewater using PSB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Sun
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
| | - Xiangkun Li
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China.
| | - Gaige Liu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300401, China
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Han F, Zhang M, Liu Z, Han Y, Li Q, Zhou W. Enhancing robustness of halophilic aerobic granule sludge by granular activated carbon at decreasing temperature. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 292:133507. [PMID: 34979206 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High salinity seriously inhibits the growth and metabolism of microorganisms, resulting in poor settleability, excessive biomass loss and low treatment efficiency of biological wastewater treatment systems. The development of halophilic aerobic granular sludge (HAGS) is a feasible strategy for addressing this challenge. However, there are problems with the granulation of HAGS and the stability of granules at decreasing temperatures. In this study, granular activated carbon (GAC) with a large specific surface area and good biocompatibility was used to enhance the robustness of HAGS. The results showed that the addition of GAC shortened the granulation time from 60 d (control system) to 35 d (GAC-addition system). The proteins contents of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the GAC-addition system was significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that in the control system during granulation. Satisfactory NH4+-N and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiencies reached more than 96% in both systems at 18-26 °C. When the operating temperature was lower than 15 °C, the GAC-addition system exhibited better NH4+-N removal performance (>80%) than the control system (<60%). Moreover, the abundance of almost all nitrogen metabolism-related genes in the GAC-addition system was higher than that in the control system. During the granulation process, the enrichment of functional microorganisms, including family Flavobacteriaceae, Rhodobacteraceae, and Cryomorphaceae, may promote the production of EPS by significantly upregulating (p < 0.05) the metabolic pathway "Signaling Molecules and Interaction" in the GAC-addition system. The overexpression of the nitrogen assimilation gene glnA in heterotrophic bacteria (Halomonas and Marinobacterium) may promote the conversion of inorganic nitrogen to extracellular proteins to adapt to the decreased operational temperature. Our findings confirm that GAC addition is a simple but effective strategy to accelerate granulation and enhance the robustness of HAGS in saline wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Mengru Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Zhe Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Yufei Han
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Qian Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, China
| | - Weizhi Zhou
- School of Civil Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250002, China.
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Hang Z, Li Z, Zhu Y, Zhang J, Yang F, Zhang T. A new approach to evaluate and improve the stability of aerobic sludge systems based on maintenance coefficient. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113192. [PMID: 34252857 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Stability is a key issue of wastewater treatment plants using either aerobic granular (AGS) or conventional activated sludge (CAS). The two forms of aerobic sludge were cultivated under different conditions to study the main factors affecting their stability. It was found that maintenance coefficient (m) describing the fraction of non-growth energy of granules increased significantly when the system became more stable during processes with the enhancement of granulation and the periodic short-term shock load. The yield coefficient (YH) was the main factor affecting the m value, and the inhibition in YH value was able to promote the maintenance potential according to the kinetic equation. Therefore, strategies that promote the maintenance coefficient could be applied to improve the stability of sludge systems, including inhibiting the yield rate and taking periodic short-term shock. Evaluation of stability based on the maintenance coefficient is a promising tool for ensuring the stable operation of wastewater treatment processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenyu Hang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Zhihua Li
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China.
| | - Yuanmo Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resource, Environment and Ecology, MOE, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, 710055, China
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, 59717-2400, USA
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Dong X, Zhao Z, Yang X, Lei Z, Shimizu K, Zhang Z, Lee DJ. Response and recovery of mature algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge to sudden salinity disturbance in influent wastewater: Granule characteristics and nutrients removal/accumulation. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 321:124492. [PMID: 33316698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of sudden salinity (1-3%) disturbance in influent wastewater on mature algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AGS) was investigated, in addition to its recovery possibility when salinity disturbance was removed. Results show that the mature algal-bacterial AGS with less filamentous could maintain its good settleability with sludge volume index below 41 mL/g when wastewater salinity was increased to 3%, in which loosely bound extracellular polymeric substances might play an important role. Under this condition, the granule system achieved slightly lower dissolved organic carbon removal (from 97% to 94%), while the removals of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus were remarkably decreased from ~100%, 66% and 70% to 23%, 16% and 38%, respectively. However, the organics and nutrients removals could be recovered immediately when the salinity disturbance was removed from the influent. P bioavailability, on the other hand, kept almost stable (93-97%) in the AGS during the examination period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochuan Dong
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Ziwen Zhao
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Xiaojing Yang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhongfang Lei
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan.
| | - Kazuya Shimizu
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Zhenya Zhang
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan
| | - Duu-Jong Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
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He Q, Xie Z, Fu Z, Wang H, Chen L, Gao S, Zhang W, Song J, Xu P, Yu J, Ma J. Effects of phenol on extracellular polymeric substances and microbial communities from aerobic granular sludge treating low strength and salinity wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:141785. [PMID: 33207518 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The effects of phenol on aerobic granular sludge including extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and microbial community were investigated for low strength and salinity wastewater treatment. Elevated phenol over 20 mg/L stimulated biological phosphorus removal mainly via co-metabolism with nearly complete phenol degradation, whereas resulted in significant accumulation of nitrate around 4 mg/L. Aerobic granules kept structural stability via enhancing production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS), especially folds of polysaccharides (PS) and varying functional groups identified through EEM, FTIR and XPS spectral characterizations at increasing phenol loads. Illumina MiSeq sequencing results indicated that elevated phenol decreased the bacterial diversity and richness, and caused remarkable variations in structural and compositions of microbial population. Multiple halophilic bacteria including Stappia, Luteococcus, and Formosa laid the biological basis for stability of aerobic granules and efficient biological nutrients and phenol removal. Redundancy analysis (RDA) suggested the key role of phenol in shaping the relative abundances and predominant genera. This study proved that aerobic granular sludge was feasible for low-saline and phenol-laden low-strength wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiulai He
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
| | - Zhiyi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Zhidong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Hongyu Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Shuxian Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science and Technology, Changsha 410114, China
| | - Jianyang Song
- School of Civil Engineering, Nanyang Institute of Technology, Nanyang 473004, China; School of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Building Safety and Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Education, Department of Water Engineering and Science, College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China
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Impact of additive application on the establishment of fast and stable aerobic granulation. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5697-5709. [PMID: 32415318 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10657-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Aerobic granular sludge (AGS) is a microbial biofilm self-aggregation, which is effective for nutrient and pollutant removal, through the development of dense microbial layers bound together with extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs). However, long start-up times and granule disintegration are still challenges ahead. An array of external additives, including ion chelating agents, sludge-based enhancers, and magnetic influence have been tested to overcome these barriers. The application of such additives may promote enhanced EPS production, neutralization of charges on the bacterial surface, acts as a core-induced agent, or as a bridge to connect EPSs and cell surfaces. Although additives may improve the granule formation without reducing treatment efficiencies, there are still environmental concerns due to the fate and toxicity of discharged excess sludge. This mini-review identifies an array of external additives and their mechanisms to improve granulation properties, and proposes discussion about the technical and economic viability of these additives. KEY POINTS: • Additives reduce granulation time and repair granule disintegration. • Biopolymer-based additives fulfill technical and environmental requirements. • Sludge-based additives are cheap and in line with the resource recovery concept. • The need for environmental-friendly additives for aerobic granular sludge process. • External additives affect granular biomass size distribution.
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