1
|
Folarin BT, Poma G, Yin S, Altamirano JC, Oluseyi T, Badru G, Covaci A. Assessment of legacy and alternative halogenated organic pollutants in outdoor dust and soil from e-waste sites in Nigeria: Concentrations, patterns, and implications for human exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 342:123032. [PMID: 38036088 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
E-waste is often processed informally, particularly in developing countries, resulting in the release of harmful chemicals into the environment. This study investigated the co-occurrence of selected persistent organic pollutants (POPs), including legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants (10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), decabromodiphenyl ethane (DBDPE), syn and anti-dechlorane plus (DP)), 32 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 12 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), in 20 outdoor dust and 49 soil samples from 7 e-waste sites in Nigeria. This study provides the first report on alternative flame retardants (DBDPE and DP) in Nigeria. The total concentration range of the selected classes of compounds was in the order: ∑10PBDEs (44-12300 ng/g) > DBDPE (4.9-3032 ng/g) > ∑2DP (0.7-278 ng/g) > ∑32PCBs (4.9-148 ng/g) > ∑12OCPs (1.9-25 ng/g) for dust, and DBDPE (4.9-9647 ng/g) > ∑10PBDEs (90.3-7548 ng/g) > ∑32PCBs (6.1-5025 ng/g) > ∑12OCPs (1.9-250 ng/g) > ∑2DP (2.1-142 ng/g) for soil. PBDEs were the major contributors to POP pollution at e-waste dismantling sites, while PCBs were the most significant contributors at e-waste dumpsites. DBDPE was found to be significantly associated with pollution at both e-waste dismantling and dumpsites. Estimated daily intake (EDI) via dust and soil ingestion and dermal adsorption routes ranged from 1.3 to 2.8 ng/kg bw/day and 0.2-2.9 ng/kg bw/day, respectively. In the worst-case scenario, EDI ranged from 2.9 to 10 ng/kg bw/day and 0.8-5.8 ng/kg bw/day for dust and soil, respectively. The obtained intake levels posed no non-carcinogenic risk, but could increase the incidence of cancer at some of the studied e-waste sites, with values exceeding the USEPA cancer risk lower limit (1.0 × 10-6). Overall, our results suggest that e-waste sites act as emission point sources of POPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bilikis T Folarin
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria; Chemistry Department, Chrisland University, Ogun State, 23409, Nigeria
| | - Giulia Poma
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Shanshan Yin
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy (IRA), Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, 310015, China.
| | - Jorgelina C Altamirano
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium; Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales (IANIGLA), CONICET-UNCuyo-Government of Mendoza, P.O. Box. 331, (5500), Mendoza, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, (5500), Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Temilola Oluseyi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Lagos, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Gbolahan Badru
- Department of Geographical and Environmental Education, Lagos State University of Education, Oto-Ijanikin, Lagos State, Nigeria
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610, Wilrijk, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nagar N, Saxena H, Pathak A, Mishra A, Poluri KM. A review on structural mechanisms of protein-persistent organic pollutant (POP) interactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 332:138877. [PMID: 37164191 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
With the advent of the industrial revolution, the accumulation of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the environment has become ubiquitous. POPs are halogen-containing organic molecules that accumulate, and remain in the environment for a long time, thus causing toxic effects in living organisms. POPs exhibit a high affinity towards biological macromolecules such as nucleic acids, proteins and lipids, causing genotoxicity and impairment of homeostasis in living organisms. Proteins are essential members of the biological assembly, as they stipulate all necessary processes for the survival of an organism. Owing to their stereochemical features, POPs and their metabolites form energetically favourable complexes with proteins, as supported by biological and dose-dependent toxicological studies. Although individual studies have reported the biological aspects of protein-POP interactions, no comprehensive study summarizing the structural mechanisms, thermodynamics and kinetics of protein-POP complexes is available. The current review identifies and classifies protein-POP interaction according to the structural and functional basis of proteins into five major protein targets, including digestive and other enzymes, serum proteins, transcription factors, transporters, and G-protein coupled receptors. Further, analysis detailing the molecular interactions and structural mechanism evidenced that H-bonds, van der Waals, and hydrophobic interactions essentially mediate the formation of protein-POP complexes. Moreover, interaction of POPs alters the protein conformation through kinetic and thermodynamic processes like competitive inhibition and allostery to modulate the cellular signalling processes, resulting in various pathological conditions such as cancers and inflammations. In summary, the review provides a comprehensive insight into the critical structural/molecular aspects of protein-POP interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nupur Nagar
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Harshi Saxena
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Aakanksha Pathak
- Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Mishra
- Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology Unit, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342011, Rajasthan, India
| | - Krishna Mohan Poluri
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India; Centre for Nanotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Balasch A, López M, Reche C, Viana M, Moreno T, Eljarrat E. Exposure of e-waste dismantlers from a formal recycling facility in Spain to inhalable organophosphate and halogenated flame retardants. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 294:133775. [PMID: 35104541 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Concentration levels of 16 organophosphate esters (OPEs) and 18 halogenated flame retardants (HFRs) were measured in airborne fine particulate matter (PM2.5) from an e-waste dismantling facility in Catalonia (Spain) to assess their occurrence, profiles and potential health risks. Three different areas from the facility were studied, including an area for cathodic ray-tube (CRT) TV dismantling, a grinding area, and the outdoor background. OPEs and HFRs were detected in all samples, with concentrations between 10.4 and 110 ng/m3 for OPEs and from 0.72 to 2213 ng/m3 for HFRs. The compounds with highest concentrations in both working areas were triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) and tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP) for OPEs and decabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-209) for HFRs. Higher concentration levels were found in the CRT area compared to the grinding one, probably due to the lower ventilation and different types of e-waste being processed. OPEs were also detected in the solid e-waste from the facility, highlighting the need to evaluate pollutant levels in e-waste before proceeding to its re-use. Estimated daily intakes via inhalation during workday were calculated, as well as carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic health risks, these being 25 and 50 times lower than threshold risk values in the worst cases, respectively. However, this calculated risk only considers the workday exposure via inhalation, while other routes of exposure (e.g., ingestion, dermal) could bring these values closer to threshold values.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Balasch
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M López
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Reche
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Viana
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - T Moreno
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Eljarrat
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA)-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonatesta F, Emadi C, Price ER, Wang Y, Greer JB, Xu EG, Schlenk D, Grosell M, Mager EM. The developing zebrafish kidney is impaired by Deepwater Horizon crude oil early-life stage exposure: A molecular to whole-organism perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 808:151988. [PMID: 34838918 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.151988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Crude oil is known to induce developmental defects in teleost fish exposed during early life stages (ELSs). While most studies in recent years have focused on cardiac endpoints, evidence from whole-animal transcriptomic analyses and studies with individual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicate that the developing kidney (i.e., pronephros) is also at risk. Considering the role of the pronephros in osmoregulation, and the common observance of edema in oil-exposed ELS fish, surprisingly little is known regarding the effects of oil exposure on pronephros development and function. Using zebrafish (Danio rerio) ELSs, we assessed the transcriptional and morphological responses to two dilutions of high-energy water accommodated fractions (HEWAF) of oil from the Deepwater Horizon oil spill using a combination of qPCR and whole-mount in situ hybridization (WM-ISH) of candidate genes involved in pronephros development and function, and immunohistochemistry (WM-IHC). To assess potential functional impacts on the pronephros, three 24 h osmotic challenges (2 hypo-osmotic, 1 near iso-osmotic) were implemented at two developmental time points (48 and 96 h post fertilization; hpf) following exposure to HEWAF. Changes in transcript expression level and location specific to different regions of the pronephros were observed by qPCR and WM-ISH. Further, pronephros morphology was altered in crude oil exposed larvae, characterized by failed glomerulus and neck segment formation, and straightening of the pronephric tubules. The osmotic challenges at 96 hpf greatly exacerbated edema in both HEWAF-exposed groups regardless of osmolarity. By contrast, larvae at 48 hpf exhibited no edema prior to the osmotic challenge, but previous HEWAF exposure elicited a concentration-response increase in edema at hypo-osmotic conditions that appeared to have been largely alleviated under near iso-osmotic conditions. In summary, ELS HEWAF exposure impaired proper pronephros development in zebrafish, which coupled with cardiotoxic effects, most likely reduced or inhibited pronephros fluid clearance capacity and increased edema formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Bonatesta
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Cameron Emadi
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Edwin R Price
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin B Greer
- Western Fisheries Research Center, United States Geological Survey, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elvis Genbo Xu
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Daniel Schlenk
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Martin Grosell
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Edward M Mager
- Department of Biological Sciences and the Advanced Environmental Research Institute, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu J, Zhao L, Guo L. Dechloranes exhibit binding potency and activity to thyroid hormone receptors. J Environ Sci (China) 2022; 112:16-24. [PMID: 34955199 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dechloranes are a group of halogenated flame retardants with a basic bicyclo[2.2.1]heptene, including Dechlorane Plus (DP), Dechlorane 602 (Dec 602), Dechlorane 603 (Dec 603) and Dechlorane 604 (Dec 604). A few epidemiological investigations and animal experiments have shown that DP exhibited thyroid-interfering effects. In the present study, we investigated whether DP and three other dechloranes could interfere the thyroid function through thyroid hormone receptors (TRs, TRα and TRβ) signaling pathways. The binding affinities of the four dechloranes to the two TRs were determined by fluorescence competitive binding assay. It was found that all the four dechloranes could bind with the two TRs. The relative potency (RP) values ranged from nd (not detectable) to 0.0667. Between the two TRs, dechloranes were more inclined to bind with TRβ, which implies that the thyroid interference effect of dechloranes may have selectivity in different tissues and organs. TRs-mediated luciferase reporter gene assay and T-screen assay showed that all the four dechloranes exhibited antagonistic activity to TRs in the cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that dechloranes might interfere with thyroid function by binding with TRs and acting as TR antagonists. The health risk of highly exposed human populations should be of serious concern because of the high hazard quotient calculated from our cell assay results.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianqiao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lixia Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lianghong Guo
- Institute of Environmental and Health Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China; Institute of Environment and Health, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kim JT, Choi YJ, Barghi M, Kim JH, Jung JW, Kim K, Kang JH, Lammel G, Chang YS. Occurrence, distribution, and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants in an ecosystem on King George Island, maritime Antarctica. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 405:124141. [PMID: 33087285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.124141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence and bioaccumulation of new and legacy persistent organic pollutants (POPs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs), hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs), and Dechlorane Plus (DPs) and their related compounds (Dechloranes) in an ecosystem on King George Island, Antarctica are investigated. The new and legacy POPs were widely detected in the animal samples collected from Antarctica, which included Limpet, Antarctic cod, Amphipods, Antarctic icefish, Gentoo and Chinstrap penguins, Kelp gull, and South polar skua. The trophic magnification factors indicated that the levels of PCNs and HBCDs, as well as the legacy POPs, were magnified through the food web, whereas DPs might be diluted through the trophic levels contradicting the classification of Dechloranes as POPs. This is one of the first extensive surveys on PCNs, HBCDs, and Dechloranes, which provides unique information on the distribution and trophic biomagnification potential of the new and legacy POPs in the Antarctic region.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Tae Kim
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea; Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Yun-Jeong Choi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Mandana Barghi
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea
| | - Jeong-Hoon Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Jung
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Kitae Kim
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Jung-Ho Kang
- Korea Polar Research Institute (KOPRI), 26 Songdomirae-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, South Korea
| | - Gerhard Lammel
- Multiphase Chemistry Department, Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Hahn-Meitner-Weg 1, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Research Center for Toxic Compounds in the Environment (RECETOX), Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, Brno 625 00, Czech Republic
| | - Yoon-Seok Chang
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), San 31, Hyoja-dong, Nam-gu, Pohang 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|