|
1
|
Ribeiro JYC, Santos GOS, Dória AR, Requena I, Lanza MRV, Salazar-Banda GR, Eguiluz KIB, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Improved Operation of Chloralkaline Reversible Cells with Mixed Metal Oxide Electrodes Made Using Microwaves. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 14:693. [PMID: 38668187 PMCID: PMC11054361 DOI: 10.3390/nano14080693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the synthesis of mixed metal oxide anodes (MMOs) with the composition Ti/RuO2Sb2O4Ptx (where x = 0, 5, 10 mol) using hybrid microwave irradiation heating. The synthesized electrodes were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray energy-dispersive analysis, X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These electrodes were then evaluated in both bulk electrolytic and fuel cell tests within a reversible chloralkaline electrochemical cell. The configurations using the electrodes Ti/(RuO2)0.7-(Sb2O4)0.3 and Ti/(RuO2)66.5-(Sb2O4)28.5-Pt5 presented lower onset potential for oxygen and chlorine evolution reactions and reduced resistance to charge transfer compared to the Ti/(RuO2)63-(Sb2O4)27-Pt10 variant. These electrodes demonstrated notable performance in reversible electrochemical cells, achieving Coulombic efficiencies of up to 60% when operating in the electrolytic mode at current densities of 150 mA cm-2. They also reached maximum power densities of 1.2 mW cm-2 in the fuel cell. In both scenarios, the presence of platinum in the MMO coating positively influenced the process. Furthermore, a significant challenge encountered was crossover through the membranes, primarily associated with gaseous Cl2. This study advances our understanding of reversible electrochemical cells and presents possibilities for further exploration and refinement. It demonstrated that the synergy of innovative electrode synthesis strategies and electrochemical engineering can lead to promising and sustainable technologies for energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamylle Y. C. Ribeiro
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil; (J.Y.C.R.); (A.R.D.); (G.R.S.-B.); (K.I.B.E.)
- Graduate Program in Processes Engineering (PEP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (G.O.S.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Gessica O. S. Santos
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (G.O.S.S.); (I.R.)
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Aline R. Dória
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil; (J.Y.C.R.); (A.R.D.); (G.R.S.-B.); (K.I.B.E.)
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Iñaki Requena
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (G.O.S.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Marcos R. V. Lanza
- São Carlos Institute of Chemistry, University of São Paulo, São Carlos 13566-590, SP, Brazil;
| | - Giancarlo R. Salazar-Banda
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil; (J.Y.C.R.); (A.R.D.); (G.R.S.-B.); (K.I.B.E.)
- Graduate Program in Processes Engineering (PEP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Katlin I. B. Eguiluz
- Electrochemistry and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Technology and Research (ITP), Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil; (J.Y.C.R.); (A.R.D.); (G.R.S.-B.); (K.I.B.E.)
- Graduate Program in Processes Engineering (PEP), Tiradentes University, Aracaju 49032-490, SE, Brazil
| | - Justo Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (G.O.S.S.); (I.R.)
| | - Manuel A. Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad Castilla-La Mancha, 13004 Ciudad Real, Spain; (G.O.S.S.); (I.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Carvela M, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Improving stability of chloralkaline high-temperature PBI-PEMFCs. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
|
3
|
Carvela M, Mena IF, Raschitor A, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Towards the Electrochemical Retention of CO
2
: Is it Worth it? ChemElectroChem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/celc.202101080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Carvela
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Ismael F. Mena
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Alexandra Raschitor
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Justo Lobato
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| | - Manuel Andrés Rodrigo
- Chemical Engineering Department Enrique Costa Building, Av. Camilo Jose Cela 12 13004 Ciudad Real Spain
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Abstract
The increasing energy demand and the subsequent climate change consequences are supporting the search for sustainable alternatives to fossil fuels. In this scenario, the link between hydrogen and renewable energy is playing a key role and unitized hydrogen-chlorine (H2-Cl2) regenerative cells (RFCs) have become promising candidates for renewable energy storage. Described herein are the recent advances in cell configurations and catalysts for the different reactions that may take place in these systems, that work in both modes: electrolysis and fuel cell. It has been found that platinum (Pt)-based catalysts are the best choice for the electrode where hydrogen is involved, whereas for the case of chlorine, ruthenium (Ru)-based catalysts are the best candidates. Only a few studies were found where the catalysts had been tested in both modes and recent advances are focused on decreasing the amount of precious metals contained in the catalysts. Moreover, the durability of the catalysts tested under realistic conditions has not been thoroughly assessed, becoming a key and mandatory step to evaluate the commercial viability of the H2-Cl2 RFC technology.
Collapse
|