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Zhao Y, Luo F, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Combined toxic effects of fluxapyroxad and multi-walled carbon nanotubes in Xenopus laevis larvae. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 362:142685. [PMID: 38909862 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 06/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Carbon nanomaterials rarely exist in isolation in the natural environment, and their combined effects cannot be ignored. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have shown tremendous potential applications in diverse fields, including pollution remediation, biomedicine, energy, and smart agriculture. However, the combined toxicities of MWCNTs and pesticides on non-target organisms, particularly amphibians, are often overlooked. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), a significant succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has been extensively utilized for the protection of food and cash crops and control of fungi. This raises the possibility of coexistence of MWCNTs and FLX. The objective of this study was to explore the individual and combined toxic effects of FLX and MWCNTs on the early life stages of Xenopus laevis. Embryos were exposed to varying concentrations of FLX (0, 5, and 50 μg/L) either alone or in combination with MWCNTs (100 μg/L) for a duration of 17 days. The findings indicated that co-exposure to FLX and MWCNTs worsened the inhibition of growth, liver damage, and dysregulation of enzymatic activity in tadpoles. Liver transcriptomic analysis further revealed that the presence of MWCNTs exacerbated the disturbances in glucose and lipid metabolism caused by FLX. Additionally, the combined exposure groups exhibited amplified alterations in the composition and function of the gut microflora. Our study suggests that it is imperative to pay greater attention to the agricultural applications, management and ecological risks of MWCNTs in the future, considering MWCNTs may significantly enhance the toxicity of FLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Luo
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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2
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Pamanji R, Ragothaman P, Koigoora S, Sivan G, Selvin J. Network analysis of toxic endpoints of fungicides in zebrafish. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae087. [PMID: 38845614 PMCID: PMC11150978 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Zebrafish being the best animal model to study, every attempt has been made to decipher the toxic mechanism of every fungicide of usage and interest. It is important to understand the multiple targets of a toxicant to estimate the toxic potential in its totality. A total of 22 fungicides of different classes like amisulbrom, azoxystrobin, carbendazim, carboxin, chlorothalonil, difenoconazole, etridiazole, flusilazole, fluxapyroxad, hexaconazole, kresoxim methyl, mancozeb, myclobutanil, prochloraz, propiconazole, propineb, pyraclostrobin, tebuconazole, thiophanate-methyl, thiram, trifloxystrobin and ziram were reviewed and analyzed for their multiple explored targets in zebrafish. Toxic end points in zebrafish are highly informative when it comes to network analysis. They provide a window into the molecular and cellular pathways that are affected by a certain toxin. This can then be used to gain insights into the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and to draw conclusions on the potential of a particular compound to induce toxicity. This knowledge can then be used to inform decisions about drug development, environmental regulation, and other areas of research. In addition, the use of zebrafish toxic end points can also be used to better understand the effects of environmental pollutants on ecosystems. By understanding the pathways affected by a given toxin, researchers can determine how pollutants may interact with the environment and how this could lead to health or environmental impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Pamanji
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Prathiviraj Ragothaman
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Srikanth Koigoora
- Department of Biotechnology, Vignan's Foundation for Science, Technology and Research (Deemed to be University), Guntur -Tenali Rd, Vadlamudi 522213, AP, India
| | - Gisha Sivan
- Division of Medical Research, SRM SRM Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Potheri, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur, Chennai 603203, India
| | - Joseph Selvin
- Department of Microbiology, Pondicherry University, R.V. Nagar, Kalapet, Puducherry 605014, India
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3
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Mao X, Wu Z, Zhao F, Yang X, Zhou M, Hou Y. Bioactivity and Resistance Risk of Fluxapyroxad, a Novel SDHI Fungicide, in Didymella bryoniae. PLANT DISEASE 2024; 108:658-665. [PMID: 37773329 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-23-1374-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Gummy stem blight, caused by Didymella bryoniae, is an important disease in watermelon in China. Fluxapyroxad, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, shows strong inhibition of the mycelia growth of D. bryoniae. However, its resistance risk in D. bryoniae is unclear. In this research, the sensitivities of 60 D. bryoniae strains to fluxapyroxad were investigated. The average EC50 value and MIC values of 60 D. bryoniae strains against fluxapyroxad were 0.022 ± 0.003 μg/ml and ≤0.1 μg/ml for mycelial growth, respectively. Eight fluxapyroxad-resistant mutants with medium resistance levels were acquired from three wild-type parental strains. The mycelial growth and dry weight of mycelia of most mutants were significantly lower than those of their parental strains. However, four resistant mutants showed a similar phenotype in pathogenicity compared with their parental strains. The above results demonstrated that there was a medium resistance risk for fluxapyroxad in D. bryoniae. The cross-resistance assay showed that there was positive cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad and pydiflumetofen, thifluzamide, and boscalid, but there was no cross-resistance between fluxapyroxad and tebuconazole and mepronil. These results will contribute to evaluating the resistance risk of fluxapyroxad for managing diseases caused by D. bryoniae and further increase our understanding about the mode of action of fluxapyroxad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewei Mao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- College of Plant Protection, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhiwen Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Feifei Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Yang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mingguo Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yiping Hou
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Zhang Q, Li F, Li T, Lin J, Jian J, Zhang Y, Chen X, Liu T, Gou S, Zhang Y, Liu X, Ji Y, Wang X, Li Q. Nomo1 deficiency causes autism-like behavior in zebrafish. EMBO Rep 2024; 25:570-592. [PMID: 38253686 PMCID: PMC10897165 DOI: 10.1038/s44319-023-00036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Patients with neuropsychiatric disorders often exhibit a combination of clinical symptoms such as autism, epilepsy, or schizophrenia, complicating diagnosis and development of therapeutic strategies. Functional studies of novel genes associated with co-morbidities can provide clues to understand the pathogenic mechanisms and interventions. NOMO1 is one of the candidate genes located at 16p13.11, a hotspot of neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we generate nomo1-/- zebrafish to get further insight into the function of NOMO1. Nomo1 mutants show abnormal brain and neuronal development and activation of apoptosis and inflammation-related pathways in the brain. Adult Nomo1-deficient zebrafish exhibit multiple neuropsychiatric behaviors such as hyperactive locomotor activity, social deficits, and repetitive stereotypic behaviors. The Habenular nucleus and the pineal gland in the telencephalon are affected, and the melatonin level of nomo1-/- is reduced. Melatonin treatment restores locomotor activity, reduces repetitive stereotypic behaviors, and rescues the noninfectious brain inflammatory responses caused by nomo1 deficiency. These results suggest melatonin supplementation as a potential therapeutic regimen for neuropsychiatric disorders caused by NOMO1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Jia Lin
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Jian
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinglan Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Chen
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Shenglan Gou
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiuyun Liu
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongxia Ji
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Cancer Institute, Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Pancreatic Cancer Institute, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
- Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fudan University, 200032, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Translational Medical Center for Development and Disease, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Control, NHC Key Laboratory of Neonatal Diseases, Institute of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Fudan University, National Children's Medical Center, 210013, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Wu M, Zheng N, Zhan X, He J, Xiao M, Zuo Z, He C. Icariin induces developmental toxicity via thyroid hormone disruption in zebrafish larvae. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 182:114155. [PMID: 37898232 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Icariin (ICA) is a natural flavonoid isolated from the traditional Chinese medicinal herb, Epimedium brevicornu Maxim. Although previous studies have reported that ICA exhibits various pharmacological activities, little is known about its toxicology. Herein, zebrafish embryos were exposed to ICA at 0, 2.5, 10, and 40 μM. In developmental analysis, reduced hatching rates, decreased body length, and abnormal swim bladder were found after treatment with 10 and 40 μM ICA. In addition, the ability of locomotor behavior was impaired by ICA. Two important thyroid hormones (THs), triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4), were tested. The exposure resulted in a remarkable alteration of T4 level and a significant decrease of the T3/T4 ratio in the 40 μM, indicating thyroid endocrine disruption. Furthermore, gene transcription analysis showed that genes involved in thyroid development (nkx2.1) and THs synthesis (tg) were up-regulated after ICA exposure. Significant down-regulation of iodothyronine deiodinase (dio1) was also observed in the 10 and 40 μM groups compared to the control. Taken together, our study first demonstrated that ICA caused developmental toxicity possibly through disrupting thyroid development and hormone synthesis. These results show that it is necessary to perform risk assessments of ICA in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wu
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany / Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Naying Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Zhan
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany / Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Jianzhang He
- Fujian Institute of Subtropical Botany / Fujian Key Laboratory of Physiology and Biochemistry for Subtropical Plant, Xiamen, Fujian, 361006, China
| | - Min Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chengyong He
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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6
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Ji C, Miao J, Xia B, Dai Y, Yang J, Zhang G, Zhang Q, Wang F, Tang T, Zhao M. Evaluation of the toxic effects of fluindapyr, a novel SDHI fungicide, to the earthworms Eisenia fetida. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 899:165697. [PMID: 37482356 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to existing succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicides (SDHIs) calls for the urgent innovation of novel formulations, but also results in an increase information gap on the ecological risks of novel SDHIs especially to non-target organisms. Herein, the environmental behavior and toxicological effects of a novel SDHI, fluindapyr (FIP), were evaluated using earthworm as model non-target organism. Results showed that FIP had a relatively shorter half-live (about 28 days) in artificial soil compared with traditional SDHIs. Besides, FIP exhibited a rapid uptake and bioaccumulation trend in earthworms. For the toxicological effects, FIP suppressed earthworm growth (≥ 5 mg/kg) and reproduction (≥ 1 mg/kg) whereas no lethal effects were observed up to the highest tested concentration of 25 mg/mg. FIP of high exposure concentrations also induced serious epidermis and intestines damage as well as oxidative stress to earthworms after 28-day exposure. In addition, expression of oxidative damage related genes (CAT, CRT, GST, HSP70, SOD) was further verified after FIP exposure. The earthworm Tier 1 RQ also indicated a potential risk for earthworm reproduction. Data presented here may be useful for the risk assessments of FIP in soil ecosystems and help to set appropriate precautions to ensure protection against novel SDHIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Ji
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province, Interdisciplinary Research Academy, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou 310015, PR China
| | - Jiahui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Bin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Yaoyao Dai
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Jiawen Yang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Guizhen Zhang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, PR China
| | - Quan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, PR China.
| | - Meirong Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology for Industrial Pollution Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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Cui K, Guan S, Liang J, Fang L, Ding R, Wang J, Li T, Dong Z, Wu X, Zheng Y. Dissipation, metabolism, accumulation, processing and risk assessment of fluxapyroxad in cucumber and cowpea vegetables from field to table. Food Chem 2023; 423:136384. [PMID: 37201257 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the residue fate of fluxapyroxad is critical for food safety and human health. The present study profiled the dissipation, metabolism, accumulation, removal and risk assessment of fluxapyroxad in cucumbers and cowpeas from field to table. Greenhouse-field trials suggested that fluxapyroxad dissipated faster in cucumbers than in cowpeas, and M700F008 was the only detected metabolite at <LOQ-37.92 μg/kg. Fluxapyroxad accumulated in cucumbers (average residue accumulation value, 1: 2.21: 1.16) and cowpeas (1: 1.33: 1.05) after repeated spraying. Peeling, washing and parboiling could remove fluxapyroxad from cucumbers and cowpeas (PF range, 0.16-0.85); however, fluxapyroxad was partly concentrated by stir-frying (PF range, 0.36-1.41). Moreover, fluxapyroxad residues increased with increasing pickling time. Chronic and acute risk assessments revealed that dietary exposure to fluxapyroxad was within the acceptable levels from cucumber and cowpea consumption. Given high residue levels and their potential accumulation, fluxapyroxad should be continuously monitored and assessed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cui
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Guan
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingyun Liang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Liping Fang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyan Ding
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Wang
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Li
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Dong
- Institute of Quality Standard and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Test Technology on Food Quality and Safety, Jinan, Shandong 250100, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
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Chen Y, Wang J, Yu Z, Xiao L, Xu J, Zhao K, Zhang H, Shang X, Liu C. Transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses revealed epiboly delayed mechanisms of 2,5-dichloro-1, 4-benuinone on zebrafish embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023:10.1007/s11356-023-27145-4. [PMID: 37165267 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27145-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
2,5-Dichloro-1,4-benzenediol (2,5-DCBQ) is a putative disinfection by-product that belongs to the halogenated benzoquinone class. However, its developmental toxicity and related mechanism remained unclarified. In our study, we used zebrafish embryos as the model and exposed them to graded concentrations of 2,5-DCBQ (100, 200, 300, 400 μg/L). We found that the rate of epiboly abnormalities increased significantly in a concentration-dependent manner. The results of whole-mount in situ hybridization (WISH) indicated that the expression patterns and levels of chordin (dorsoventral marker), foxa2 (endodermal marker), eve1 (ventral mesodermal marker), and foxb1a (ectodermal marker) were altered, suggesting that 2,5-DCBQ might affect the germ layer development of zebrafish embryos. Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses were adopted to explore the molecular mechanisms of embryonic developmental delays. The results showed that 2,5-DCBQ exposure induced 1163 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 37 differential metabolites (DEMs). Bioinformatic analysis enriched the most affected molecular pathways (Wnt signaling pathway, cell adhesion molecules, actin cytoskeleton regulation) and metabolic pathways (purine metabolism, aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, arginine and proline metabolism) in zebrafish embryos. To summarize, our findings broadened the molecular mechanisms of 2,5-DCBQ embryotoxicity through multi-omics and bioinformatic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Chen
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingming Wang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiquan Yu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Xu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Kai Zhao
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Huiping Zhang
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuejun Shang
- Department of Andrology, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Institute of Reproductive Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Qiaokou District, Wuhan, 430030, People's Republic of China.
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Zhao Y, Jiao F, Tang T, Wu S, Wang F, Zhao X. Adverse effects and potential mechanisms of fluxapyroxad in Xenopus laevis on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023:121710. [PMID: 37137408 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Fungicides are one of significant contributing factors to the rapid decline of amphibian species worldwide. Fluxapyroxad (FLX), an effective and broad-spectrum succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide, has attracted major concerns due to its long-lasting in the environment. However, the potential toxicity of FLX in the development of amphibians remains mostly unknown. In this research, the potential toxic effects and mechanisms of FLX on Xenopus laevis were investigated. In the acute toxicity test, the 96 h median lethal concentration (LC50) of FLX to X. laevis tadpoles was 1.645 mg/L. Based on the acute toxicity result, tadpoles at the stage 51 were exposed to 0, 0.00822, 0.0822, and 0.822 mg/L FLX during 21 days. Results demonstrated that FLX exposure led to an apparent delay in the growth and development of tadpoles and associated with severe liver injury. Additionally, FLX induced glycogen depletion and lipid accumulation in the liver of X. laevis. The biochemical analysis of plasma and liver indicated that FLX exposure could perturb liver glucose and lipid homeostasis by altering enzyme activity related to glycolysis, gluconeogenesis, fatty acid synthesis, and oxidation. Consistent with the biochemical result, FLX exposure altered the liver transcriptome profile, and the enrichment analysis of differential expression genes highlighted the adverse effects of FLX exposure on steroid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and fatty acid metabolism in the tadpole liver. Overall, our study was the first to reveal that sub-lethal concentrations of FLX could induce liver damage and produce obvious interference effects on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism of Xenopus, providing new insight into the potential chronic hazards of FLX for amphibians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Fang Jiao
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, China
| | - Tao Tang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Shenggan Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Feidi Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Xueping Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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10
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Wu Y, Ye X, Jiang L, Wang A, Wang J, Yao W, Qin Y, Wang B. Developmental toxicity induced by brodifacoum in zebrafish (Danio rerio) early life stages. Birth Defects Res 2023; 115:318-326. [PMID: 36326103 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study mainly focused on the assessment of developmental toxicity induced by exposure to brodifacoum (BDF) in zebrafish at early life stages. MATERIAL AND METHODS Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/L of BDF from 6 to 96 hr post-fertilization (hpf), and the toxic effects of BDF on early embryonic development were investigated in terms of morphological changes, oxidative stress, and alterations in heart development-related genes. RESULTS The experimental results showed that BDF significantly decreased the heart rate, survival rate, body length, and spontaneous movements of zebrafish embryos at 0.8 mg/L, and the morphological developmental abnormalities were also observed at 96 hpf. In addition, exposure to BDF significantly increased oxidative stress levels in zebrafish embryos by increasing the enzymatic activities of catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased glutathione (GSH) levels. Furthermore, BDF treatment-induced alterations in the expression levels of the heart development-related genes (gata4, sox9b, tbx2b, and nppa). CONCLUSION Results from this study indicated that exposure to BDF could lead to marked growth inhibition and significantly alter the activities of antioxidant enzymes in zebrafish embryos. Moreover, BDF exposure exhibited severe cardiotoxicity and significantly disrupted heart development-related genes. The results indicated that BDF could induce developmental and cardiac toxicity in zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanzhao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Xinyu Ye
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Linyi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Jiye Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Weixuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Yazhou Qin
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
| | - Binjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Prevention and Control Technology of Zhejiang Province Zhejiang Police College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, PR China
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11
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Chen X, Qiu T, Pan M, Xiao P, Li W. Fluxapyroxad disrupt erythropoiesis in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 247:114259. [PMID: 36334343 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad, a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide, is commercialized worldwide to control a variety of fungal diseases. Growing evidence shows that fluxapyroxad is teratogenic to aquatic organisms. In this study, the influence of fluxapyroxad toward hematopoietic development was evaluated using zebrafish embryos which were exposed to fluxapyroxad (0.03 µM, 0.3 µM and 3 µM) from 3 h post fertilization (hpf) to 3 days post fertilization (dpf). Compared to the control groups, the hemoglobin was ectopic and decreased in response to fluxapyroxad treatment. The transcription levels of genes (hbbe1, hbbe2, and gata1a) involved in erythropoiesis were reduced after exposure to fluxapyroxad. In contrast, the distributions and expression of marker genes for myeloid lineage cells were unaffected by fluxapyroxad exposure. Our data suggested that fluxapyroxad might specifically affect erythropoiesis and hold great promise for the assessment of the toxicity of fluxapyroxad to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Tiantong Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Mengjun Pan
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Zhejiang Provincial Key Lab for Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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12
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Li W, Guo S, Miao N. Transcriptional responses of fluxapyroxad-induced dysfunctional heart in zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:90034-90045. [PMID: 35864390 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21981-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad (FLU) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide used in controlling crop diseases. Potential toxicity to aquatic organisms is not known. We exposed zebrafish to 1, 2, and 4 μM FLU for 3 days. The embryonic zebrafish showed developmental cardiac defects, including heart malformation, pericardial edema, and heart rate reduction. Compared with the controls, cardiac-specific transcription factors (nkx2.5, myh7, myl7, and myh6) exhibited dysregulated expression patterns after FLU treatment. We next used transcriptome and qRT-PCR analyses to explore the molecular mechanism of FLU cardiotoxicity. The transcriptome analysis and interaction network showed that the downregulated genes were enriched in calcium signaling pathways, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, and cardiac muscle contraction. FLU exposure repressed the cardio-related calcium signaling pathway, associated with apoptosis in the heart and other manifestations of cardiotoxicity. Thus, the findings provide valuable evidence that FLU exposure causes disruption of cardiac development in zebrafish embryos. Our findings will help to promote a better understanding of the toxicity mechanisms of FLU and act as a reference to explore the rational use and safety of FLU in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Miao
- Center for Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, 668 Jimei Road, Xiamen, 361021, People's Republic of China.
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13
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Yu H, Zhang J, Chen Y, Chen J, Qiu Y, Zhao Y, Li H, Xia S, Chen S, Zhu J. The adverse effects of fluxapyroxad on the neurodevelopment of zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135751. [PMID: 35863420 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad (Flu), one of the succinate dehydrogenase-inhibited (SDHI) fungicides, has been extensively used in crop fungal disease control. Despite its increasing use in modern agriculture and long-term retention in the environment, the potentially toxic effects of Flu in vivo, especially on neurodevelopment, remain under-evaluated. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to Flu at concentrations of 0.5, 0.75, and 1 mg/L for 96 h to evaluate the neurotoxicity of Flu. The results showed that Flu caused concentration-dependent malformations, including shorter body length, smaller head and eyes, and yolk sac edema. After exposure to Flu, larval zebrafish exhibited severe motor aberrations. Flu at a concentration of 1 mg/L significantly decreased dopamine level and notably altered acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and acetylcholine (ACh) content. Abnormal central nervous system (CNS) neurogenesis and disordered motor neuron development were observed in Tg (HUC-GFP) and Tg (hb9-GFP) zebrafish in Flu-treated groups. The expression of key genes involved in neurotransmission and neurodevelopment further proved that Flu impaired the zebrafish nervous system. This work contributes to our understanding of the neurotoxic effects and mechanisms induced by Flu in zebrafish and may help us take precautions against the neurotoxicity of Flu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huilin Yu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junhui Zhang
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Juan Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Qiu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Honghao Li
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shengyao Xia
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiguo Chen
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jiajin Zhu
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China.
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14
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Qiu T, Chen X, Xiao P, Wang L, Li W. Effects of embryonic exposure to fluxapyroxad on zebrafish (Danio rerio) ocular development. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 181:105018. [PMID: 35082041 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad (FLU) is a succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor that protects crops from fungal diseases, however, it has been identified as toxicants to aquatic organisms. The objective of this study is to investigate the potential toxicity and underlying mechanisms of FLU on aquatic organisms. Herein, by using zebrafish embryos as a model organism, we demonstrated that FLU can cause microphthalmia in zebrafish embryos. The cell density in ganglion cell layer (GCL) is increased after exposure. Compared with the control, differentiation of the cells in ganglion cell layer, inner nuclear layer (INL), and outer nuclear layer (ONL) were severely disrupted in response to FLU treatment. The data show clear evidence that FLU exhibits development toxicity to zebrafish embryos by inducing retinal cell apoptosis, which causes microphthalmia. Our study provides comprehensive understanding to the underlying mechanism of FLU toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantong Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Xin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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15
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Chen X, Qiu T, Xiao P, Li W. Retinal toxicity of isoflucypram to zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 243:106073. [PMID: 34999466 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Isoflucypram is an active succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicide. Recent studies have demonstrated that isoflucypram is toxic to non-target aquatic organisms such as zebrafish, Danio rerio. However, current knowledge of the potential risks presented by the SDHI to non-target aquatic organism remains limited. To investigate the teratogenic effects of isoflucypram on retinogenesis, zebrafish embryos were exposed to isoflucypram (0.025, 0.25, and 2.5 μM) from the blastula stage (3 h post-fertilization, hpf) to the larval stage (96 hpf). Prolonged exposure to isoflucypram induced abnormalities in retinal development in zebrafish larvae, resulted in the expression of a microphthalmic phenotype, disrupted retinal lamination, and altered the expression levels of retinal markers (opn1sw1, opn1sw2, opn1mw1, opn1lw1, rho, atoh7, vsx1, prox1a, and sox2). Retinal cell apoptosis was also significantly higher in the isoflucypram-exposed larvae than in the control larvae. Catalase activity decreased significantly and malondialdehyde content increased markedly after exposure to isoflucypram. Thus, isoflucypram should be regarded as having retinal neurotoxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Tiantong Qiu
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- College of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
| | - Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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16
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Xiao P, Li W, Lu J, Liu Y, Luo Q, Zhang H. Effects of embryonic exposure to bixafen on zebrafish (Danio rerio) retinal development. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 228:113007. [PMID: 34808508 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bixafen, a pyrazole-carboxamide fungicide, is a potent toxicant that may elicit multiple adverse effects in non-target organisms. However, knowledge of the mechanisms involved in developmental defects caused by bixafen in aquatic organisms remains limited. In this study, the effects of bixafen on retinal development were evaluated in embryo-larval zebrafish. We exposed zebrafish embryos to 0, 0.1, and 0.3 μM bixafen. Exposure of zebrafish embryos to bixafen caused severe retinal defects, including extreme microphthalmia and a significantly increased cell density of the ganglion cell layer (GCL). Compared with the controls, the expression levels of rod and cone photoreceptor marker genes (rho, opn1sw2, opn1mw1, opn1lw1, and opn1sw1) in the outer nuclear layer (ONL) were significantly downregulated after bixafen exposure. Furthermore, bixafen caused significantly increased expression levels in the GCL marker ath5 and decreased expression levels in the inner nuclear layer (INL) markers prox1a, vsx1, and sox2. Accordingly, we observed a significantly increased rate of cell apoptosis in the retina after bixafen exposure. Taken together, our data demonstrate that bixafen exhibits retinal developmental toxicity to zebrafish embryos/larvae, and thus, it may pose a significant environmental threat to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xiao
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Wenhua Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
| | - Jinfang Lu
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, China, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, PR China
| | - Qiulan Luo
- School of Life Sciences and Food Engineering, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, PR China
| | - He Zhang
- National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution of Life and Environmental Science, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
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17
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SDHI Fungicide Toxicity and Associated Adverse Outcome Pathways: What Can Zebrafish Tell Us? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212362. [PMID: 34830252 PMCID: PMC8618699 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides are increasingly used in agriculture to combat molds and fungi, two major threats to both food supply and public health. However, the essential requirement for the succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) complex—the molecular target of SDHIs—in energy metabolism for almost all extant eukaryotes and the lack of species specificity of these fungicides raise concerns about their toxicity toward off-target organisms and, more generally, toward the environment. Herein we review the current knowledge on the toxicity toward zebrafish (Brachydanio rerio) of nine commonly used SDHI fungicides: bixafen, boscalid, fluxapyroxad, flutolanil, isoflucypram, isopyrazam, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, and thifluzamide. The results indicate that these SDHIs cause multiple adverse effects in embryos, larvae/juveniles, and/or adults, sometimes at developmentally relevant concentrations. Adverse effects include developmental toxicity, cardiovascular abnormalities, liver and kidney damage, oxidative stress, energy deficits, changes in metabolism, microcephaly, axon growth defects, apoptosis, and transcriptome changes, suggesting that glycometabolism deficit, oxidative stress, and apoptosis are critical in the toxicity of most of these SDHIs. However, other adverse outcome pathways, possibly involving unsuspected molecular targets, are also suggested. Lastly, we note that because of their recent arrival on the market, the number of studies addressing the toxicity of these compounds is still scant, emphasizing the need to further investigate the toxicity of all SDHIs currently used and to identify their adverse effects and associated modes of action, both alone and in combination with other pesticides.
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18
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Zhao F, Tang X, Liu M, Qin Z, Li JQ, Xiao Y. Synthesis and insecticidal activity of novel 1,2,4-triazole derivatives containing trifluoroacetyl moieties. Mol Divers 2021; 26:2149-2158. [PMID: 34585322 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10321-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of compounds containing trifluoroacetyl groups were synthesized, and their insecticidal activity against Nilaparvata lugens and Aphis craccivora was evaluated. The compound structure was identified by NMR, HRMS, and single-crystal diffraction. The bioassay results indicated that compound 4-1 (R1 is chloropyridine, R2 is H), 4-2 (R1 is chlorothiazole, R2 is H) and 4-19 (R1 is benzyl, R2 is isopropyl) had the best activity against Nilaparvata lugens (93.5%, 94.1% and 95.5%) at 100 mg/L concentration. The effect of different substituents of R1 or R2 on the activity was studied through the structure-activity relationship. Molecular docking of compounds 4-1 and 4-2 was discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghai Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xianjun Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhaohai Qin
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jia-Qi Li
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yumei Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Innovation Center of Pesticide Research, College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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19
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Chen X, Li W. Isoflucypram cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 787:147529. [PMID: 33991914 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.147529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Isoflucypram belongs to the new generation of succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor (SDHI) fungicides that are commonly used in crop fungal disease control. Evidence indicates that isoflucypram poses a potential risk to aquatic organisms. However, the effects of isoflucypram during early embryogenesis are not fully understood. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to 0.025, 0.25, or 2.5 μM isoflucypram for three days. Isoflucypram caused severe developmental abnormalities (yolk sac edema, pericardial edema, and blood clotting clustering), hatching delay, and decreased heart rates in zebrafish. The expression levels of cardiac-specific genes (nkx2.5, myh7, myl7, and myh6) and erythropoiesis-related genes (gata1a, hbbe1, hbbe2, and alas2) were disrupted after isoflucypram exposure. Furthermore, enrichment analysis indicated that most of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in heart development or hemopoiesis processes. Overall, these findings suggest that exposure to isoflucypram is associated with developmental and cardiovascular toxicity in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China
| | - Wenhua Li
- Engineering Research Center of Molecular Medicine of Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Fujian Molecular Medicine, Key Laboratory of Xiamen Marine and Gene Drugs, Key Laboratory of Precision Medicine and Molecular Diagnosis of Fujian Universities, School of Biomedical Sciences, Huaqiao University, Xiamen 361021, PR China.
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20
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Lin H, Lin F, Yuan J, Cui F, Chen J. Toxic effects and potential mechanisms of Fluxapyroxad to zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 769:144519. [PMID: 33482547 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Fluxapyroxad is a broad-spectrum and high-efficiency succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor fungicide that can control plant fungal pathogens on many crops. However, fluxapyroxad can enter the aquatic environment when applied in the field, which has an impact on the aquatic environment. The potential threat and toxicological mechanisms of fluxapyroxad in aquatic organisms remain poorly understood. In this study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to fluxapyroxad to investigate the toxic effects and potential mechanisms of fluxapyroxad. In the acute toxicity test, the lethal sensitivity rank of the zebrafish during the three stages was larvae (0.699 mg/L) > adult fish (0.913 mg/L) > embryo (1.388 mg/L). Fluxapyroxad induced abnormal spontaneous movement, malformations and decreased heartbeat, hatching percentage, and body length of the embryos. In the sublethal toxicity test, succinate dehydrogenase activity was significantly increased in all treatment groups, while the activities of the electron transport chain complex II and ATPase were markedly inhibited in 0.347 and 0.694 mg/L fluxapyroxad groups compared to that of the control group. Exposure to fluxapyroxad resulted in significant increases in MDA production, and GPx activity was significantly reduced at 0.694 mg/L. Moreover, caspase-3 activity was significantly increased in the 0.694 mg/L group, and the expression of the genes related to growth (bmp4 and lox) was inhibited after fluxapyroxad exposure. These results indicated that oxidative stress, cell apoptosis and mitochondrial damage might be the potential mechanism underlying the toxic effects of fluxapyroxad on zebrafish embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai Lin
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangrui Lin
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Yuan
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Cui
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jie Chen
- National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, Zhejiang, China.
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