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Wang Y, Zhu Y, Wang K, Tan Y, Bing X, Jiang J, Fang W, Chen L, Liao H. Principles and research progress of physical prevention and control technologies for algae in eutrophic water. iScience 2024; 27:109990. [PMID: 38840838 PMCID: PMC11152667 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The abnormal reproduction of algae in water worldwide is prominent in the context of human interference and global climate change. This study first thoroughly analyzed the effects of physical factors, such as light, temperature, hydrodynamics, and operational strategies, on algal growth and their mechanisms. Physical control techniques are safe and have great potential for preventing abnormal algal blooms in the absence of chemical reagents. The focus was on the principles and possible engineering applications of physical shading, ultrasound, micro-current, and ultraviolet (UV) technologies, in controlling abnormal algal reproduction. Physical shading can inhibit or weaken photosynthesis in algae, thereby inhibiting their growth. Ultrasound mainly affects the physiological and biochemical activities of cells by destroying the cell walls, air cells, and active enzymes. Micro-currents destroy the algal cell structure through direct and indirect oxidation, leading to algal cell death. UV irradiation can damage DNA, causing organisms to be unable to reproduce or algal cells to die directly. This article comprehensively summarizes and analyzes the advantages of physical prevention and control technologies for the abnormal reproduction of algae, providing a scientific basis for future research. In the future, attempts will be made toward appropriately and comprehensively utilizing various physical technologies to control algal blooms. The establishment of an intelligent, comprehensive physical prevention and control system to achieve environmentally friendly, economical, and effective physical prevention and control of algae, such as the South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China, is of great importance for specific waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Yuanrong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kuo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yidan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xiaojie Bing
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juan Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
- College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
| | - Wen Fang
- College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Liang Chen
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China
| | - Haiqing Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Environment Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Zhao H, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Sun H, Wang X, Li S, Liao J, Li YY, Wang Q. The stable operation of nitritation process with the continuous granular sludge-type reactor and microbial community analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 345:140527. [PMID: 37884092 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The nitritation step is the fundament for the biological nitrogen removal regardless of the traditional nitrification and denitrification process, the nitrite shunt process or the anammox process. Thus, exploring the effective nitritation performance is an important aspect of biological nitrogen removal. This study explored the upper limit of nitritation rate by increasing hydraulic residence time with the well-mixed and continuous granular sludge-type reactor characterized with low complexity and easy operation. The results showed that with the nitrogen loading rate of 1.0 kg/m3/d, the nitrite production rate could reach up to 0.65 kg/m3/d with the nitrite production efficiency of 63.49%, which is remarkable compared to that in the previously similar research. The microbial analysis indicated that ammonia-oxidizing bacteria was successfully enriched (13.27%) and genus Nitrosomonas was the dominant bacteria type. Besides, the activity of ammonium oxidizing bacteria in the continuous flow reactor was higher than that of other reactor types. The growth of vorticella on the sludge was also found in the reactor. The test of specific sludge activity and the microbe analysis both indicated that the nitrite-oxidizing bacteria was well inhibited during the whole experiment, which indicated the strategy of simply adjusting the dissolved oxygen is effective for running of nitritation process. The phosphorus removal performance was also achieved with a removal efficiency of 23.53%. The functional composition of the microbial community in the samples was predicted and finally transformation mechanism of nitrogen in sludge was drawn. In sum, this study indicated the superior performance of the granule sludge-type nitritation process and give a reference for the application of biological nitrogen removal technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Guo
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ze Zhang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Haishu Sun
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaona Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianbo Liao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-You Li
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-06 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Qunhui Wang
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Resource-Oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
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Kang D, Zhao X, Yuan J, Wang N, Suo Y, Peng Y. Nitrite accumulation in activated sludge through cyclic anaerobic exposure with acetate. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 346:119005. [PMID: 37717392 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Achieving nitrite accumulation still remains challenging for efficient short-cut biological nitrogen removal in municipal wastewater treatment. To tackle the problem of insufficient carbon in incoming wastewater for biological nutrient removal, a return activated sludge (RAS) fermentation method has been proposed and demonstrated to enable producing supplemental volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and enhance biological phosphorus removal via sludge cycling between mainstream and a sidestream anaerobic reactor. However, the impacts of long anaerobic exposure with acetate on nitrifying bacteria, known as the aerobic chemoautotrophic microorganisms, remains unexplored. In this study, the activated sludge underwent a cyclic anaerobic treatment with the addition of acetate (Ac), the effects on nitrification rate, abundance and microdiversity of nitrifying communities were comprehensively assessed. Firstly, batch activity tests proved the direct addition of high acetate (above 1000 mg/L) could cause inhibition on the nitrification rate, moreover, the inhibitory effect was stronger on nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) activity than that of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Then, a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) was applied to test the nitrogen conversion performance for low-strength ammonium wastewater. Nitrite accumulation could be achieved via the cyclic anaerobic exposure with 1000-5000 mg Ac/L. The maximum effluent concentration of nitrite was 40.8 ± 3.5 mg N/L with nitrite accumulation ratio (NAR) of 67.6 ± 3.5%. The decrease in NOB activity (72.7%) was greater than AOB of 42.4%, promoting nitrite accumulation via nitritation process. Furthermore, the cyclic anaerobic exposure with acetate can largely reshape the nitrifying communities. As the dominant AOB and NOB, the abundance of Nitrosomonas and Nitrospira were both decreased with species-level microdiversity in the nitrifying communities. However, the heterotrophic microorganism, Thauera, were found to be highly enriched (from 0 to 17.3%), which may act as the potential nitrite producer as proved by the increased nitrate reduction gene abundance. This study can provide new insights into achieving mainstream nitrite accumulation by involving sidestream RAS fermentation towards efficient wastewater treatment management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da Kang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China.
| | - Xuwei Zhao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Jiawei Yuan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Nan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Yirui Suo
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Department of Environmental Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, China
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Zuo F, Yue W, Gui S, Sui Q, Wei Y. Resilience of anammox application from sidestream to mainstream: A combined system coupling denitrification, partial nitritation and partial denitrification with anammox. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 374:128783. [PMID: 36828226 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a potential process to achieve the neutralization of energy and carbon. Due to the low temperature and variation of municipal sewage, the application of mainstream anammox is hard to be implemented. For spreading mainstream anammox in practice, several key issues and bottlenecks including the start-up, stable NO2--N supply, maintenance and dominance of AnAOB with high activity, prevention of NO3--N buildup, reduction of sludge loss, adaption to the seasonal temperature and alleviation of COD impacts on AnAOB are discussed and summarized in this review in order to improve its startup, stable operation and resilience of mainstream anammox. Hence a combined biological nitrogen removal (CBNR) system based on conventional denitrification, shortcut nitrification-denitrification, Partial Nitritation and partial Denitrification combined Anammox (PANDA) process through the management of organic matter and nitrate is proposed correspondingly aiming at adaptation to the variations of seasonal temperature and pollutants in influent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumin Zuo
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenhui Yue
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shuanglin Gui
- Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China
| | - Qianwen Sui
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Yuansong Wei
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Laboratory of Water Pollution Control Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; Institute of Energy, Jiangxi Academy of Sciences, Nanchang 330096, China.
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5
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Chu Z, Huang D, Huang X, He J, Chen L, Wang J, Rong H. Achieving robust mainstream nitritation by implementing light irradiation: long-term performance and microbial dynamics. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 369:128284. [PMID: 36368486 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.128284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The effective inhibition of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB) is widely acknowledged to be a critical issue for mainstream short-cut biological nitrogen removal. This study demonstrated a stable mainstream nitritation by implementing light irradiation. A sequencing batch reactor with ultraviolet-A (UVA) irradiation was operated for 250 days, and a high nitrite accumulation ratio was achieved and stabilized at about 90 %. UVA irradiation also positively impacts denitrification activity, with total nitrogen removal up to 63 %. Microbial community analysis confirmed that the UVA effectively and stably decreased the abundance of Nitrospira (the only detected NOB) from 6.0 % to 0.1 %, while it showed no effect on Nitrosomonas. The enriched genus Rhodocyclaceae was the major contributor to the increase in denitrification activity in the light-induced nitritation system. The proposed UVA irradiation strategy has the potential to be integrated with an anoxic/aerobic (A/O) or integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) process for achieving mainstream short-cut biological nitrogen removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaorui Chu
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dandan Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaoyu Huang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jianfeng He
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Lexin Chen
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jinyin Wang
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hongwei Rong
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; Key Laboratory for Water Quality and Conservation of the Pearl River Delta, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhang L, Lan S, Dou Q, Hao S, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhang R, Peng Y, Yang J. Metagenomic insights into responses of microbial population and key functional genes to fulvic acid during partial nitritation. J Environ Sci (China) 2023; 124:952-962. [PMID: 36182197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The long-term impact of fulvic acid (FA) on partial nitritation (PN) system was initially examined in this study. The obtained results revealed that the FA lower than 50 mg/L had negligible effect on the nitrite accumulation rate (NAR nearly 100%) and ammonium removal rate (ARR 56.85%), while FA over 50 mg/L decreased ARR from 56.85% to 0.7%. Sludge characteristics analysis found that appropriate FA (<50 mg/L) exposure promoted the settling performance and granulation of PN sludge by removing Bacteroidetes and accumulating Chloroflexi. The analysis of metagenomics suggested that the presence of limited FA (0-50 mg/L) stimulated the generation of NADH, which favors the denitrification and nitrite reduction. The negative impact of FA on the PN system could be divided into two stages. Initially, limited FA (50-120 mg/L) was decomposed by Anaerolineae to stimulate the growth and propagation of heterotrophic bacteria (Thauera). Increasing heterotrophs competed with AOB (Nitrosomonas) for dissolved oxygen, causing AOB to be eliminated and ARR to declined. Subsequently, when FA dosage was over 120 mg/L, Anaerolineae were inhibited and heterotrophic bacteria reduced, resulting in the abundance of AOB recovered. Nevertheless, the ammonium transformation pathway was suppressed because genes amoABC and hao were obviously reduced, leading to the deterioration of reactor performance. Overall, these results provide theoretical guidance for the practical application of PN for the treatment of FA-containing sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
| | - Shuang Lan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Quanhao Dou
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shiwei Hao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yueping Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ruoyan Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Key Laboratory of Beijing for Water Quality Science and Water Environment Recovery Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Jiachun Yang
- Shuifa Shandong Water Development Group Co. Ltd., Shandong 274200, China
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Si G, Liu B, Liu Y, Yan T, Wei D. Light-introduced partial nitrification in an algal-bacterial granular sludge bioreactor: Performance evolution and microbial community shift. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 354:127226. [PMID: 35477103 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This objective of study was to evaluate the influence of light on the achievement of partial nitrification algal-bacterial granular bioreactor and its related nitrite accumulation mechanism. After 150-days operation, partial nitrification algal-bacterial granulation bioreactor was achieved under the 200 μmol/(m2·s) illuminance condition. The effluent NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N concentrations were average at 1.1, 61.7 and 8.0 mg/L (n = 21), respectively. The average sphericity of algal-bacterial aerobic granular sludge (AB-AGS) increased from 82.7% to 91.1%, accompanied by the significantly increased diameter. Additionally, extracellular protein increased by 1.5 times and 0.5 times higher in LB-EPS and TB-EPS of AB-AGS, respectively. According to typical cycles, N2O emission amount reactor accounted for 2.4% of the removed nitrogen. Under the combined inhibition of light and free ammonia (FA), Nitrosomonas-related AOB (0.2% to 2.1%) were the predominant functional bacteria, whereas Nitrospira-related NOB (0.07% to below 0.01%) was fully inhibited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangchao Si
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Bing Liu
- Resources and Environment Innovation Research Institute, School of Municipal and Environmental Engineering, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, PR China
| | - Yingrui Liu
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Tao Yan
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China
| | - Dong Wei
- School of Water Conservancy and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, PR China; CECEP Guozhen Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei 230088, PR China.
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Lu Z, Xu Y, Akbari MZ, Liang C, Peng L. Insight into integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies for recalcitrant organic pollutants: From sequential to simultaneous reactions. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 295:133952. [PMID: 35167831 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The more and more stringent environmental standards for recalcitrant organic pollutants pushed forward the development of integration of photocatalytic and microbial wastewater treatment technologies. The past studies proposed mainly two typical integration ways: a) Independent sequence of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ISPB) conducting the sequential reactions; b) Intimate coupling of photocatalysis and biodegradation (ICPB) conducting the simultaneous reactions. Although ICPB has received more attraction recently due to its novelty, ISPB gives an edge in certain cases. The article reviews the state-of-the-art ISPB and ICPB studies to comprehensively compare the two systems. The strengths and weaknesses of ISPB and ICPB regarding the treatment efficiency, cost, toxicity endurance and flexibility are contradistinguished. The reactor set-ups, photocatalysts, microbial characteristics of ISPB and ICPB are summarized. The applications for different kinds of recalcitrant compounds are elaborated to give a holistic view of the removal efficiencies and transformation pathways by the two technologies. Currently, in-depth understandings about the interference among mixed pollutants, co-existing components and key parameters in realistic wastewater are urgently needed. The long-term and large-scale application cases of the integration technologies are still rare. Overall, we conclude that both ISPB and ICPB technologies are reaching maturity while challenges still exist for two systems especially regarding the reliability, economy and generalization for realistic wastewater treatment plants. Future research should not only manage to reduce the cost and energy consumption by upgrading reactors and developing novel catalysts, but also attach importance to the cocktail effects of wastewater during the sequential or simultaneous photocatalysis and biodegradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikun Lu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Mohammad Zahir Akbari
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chuanzhou Liang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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Spieck E, Wegen S, Keuter S. Relevance of Candidatus Nitrotoga for nitrite oxidation in technical nitrogen removal systems. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 105:7123-7139. [PMID: 34508283 PMCID: PMC8494671 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-021-11487-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract Many biotechnological applications deal with nitrification, one of the main steps of the global nitrogen cycle. The biological oxidation of ammonia to nitrite and further to nitrate is critical to avoid environmental damage and its functioning has to be retained even under adverse conditions. Bacteria performing the second reaction, oxidation of nitrite to nitrate, are fastidious microorganisms that are highly sensitive against disturbances. One important finding with relevance for nitrogen removal systems was the discovery of the mainly cold-adapted Cand. Nitrotoga, whose activity seems to be essential for the recovery of nitrite oxidation in wastewater treatment plants at low temperatures, e.g., during cold seasons. Several new strains of this genus have been recently described and ecophysiologically characterized including genome analyses. With increasing diversity, also mesophilic Cand. Nitrotoga representatives have been detected in activated sludge. This review summarizes the natural distribution and driving forces defining niche separation in artificial nitrification systems. Further critical aspects for the competition with Nitrospira and Nitrobacter are discussed. Knowledge about the physiological capacities and limits of Cand. Nitrotoga can help to define physico-chemical parameters for example in reactor systems that need to be run at low temperatures. Key points • Characterization of the psychrotolerant nitrite oxidizer Cand. Nitrotoga • Comparison of the physiological features of Cand. Nitrotoga with those of other NOB • Identification of beneficial environmental/operational parameters for proliferation Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s00253-021-11487-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Spieck
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Simone Wegen
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sabine Keuter
- Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Universität Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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10
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A review of partial nitrification in biological nitrogen removal processes: from development to application. Biodegradation 2021; 32:229-249. [PMID: 33825095 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-021-09938-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
To further reduce the energy consumption in the wastewater biological nitrogen removal process, partial nitrification and its integrated processes have attracted increasing attentions owing to their economy and efficiency. Shortening the steps of ammonia oxidation to nitrate saves a large amount of aeration, and the accumulated nitrite could be reduced by denitritation or anammox, which requires less electron donors compared with denitrification. Therefore, the strategies through mainstream suppression and sidestream inhibition for the achievement of partial nitrification in recent years are reviewed. Specifically, the enrichment strategies of functional microorganisms are obtained on the basis of their growth and metabolic characteristics under different selective pressures. Furthermore, the promising developments, current application bottlenecks and possible future trends of some biological nitrogen removal processes integrating partial nitrification are discussed. The obtained knowledge would provide a new idea for the fast realization of economic, efficient and long-term stable partial nitrification and biological nitrogen removal process.
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