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V N D, Chandran A, Sen S, Chattopadhyaya M. Density functional theory-based modeling of the half-metallic g-C 3N 4/CoN 4 heterojunction for photocatalytic water splitting reaction. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024. [PMID: 39058365 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp00929k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Using density functional theory (DFT), we have investigated the structural, optical, electronic and magnetic properties of a graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) and CoN4 composite to explore the effect of the heterojunction on the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4. The structure of g-C3N4 is modified while complexing with CoN4 and the corresponding stabilization is confirmed through adhesion energy calculation. The phonon spectra analysis furthermore guaranteed the lattice-dynamic stability of the CoN4 bulk and the CoN4 slab. Pristine g-C3N4 is a wide band gap semiconductor, which becomes half metallic upon CoN4 inclusion. The metallicity in the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite originates from the spin down channel, keeping the spin up channel in a semiconducting state. The charge density analysis and work function calculation suggest a substantial amount of charge transfer from g-C3N4 to the CoN4 unit in the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction. The model heterojunction of the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite can enhance the utilization ratio of visible light for the g-C3N4 photocatalyst. In g-C3N4/CoN4, the valence band maximum (VBM) has a more positive potential compared to O2/H2O (+1.23 V) on the normal hydrogen electrode (NHE) scale. However, the conduction band minimum (CBM) displays a more negative potential compared to H+/H2 (0 V) on the NHE scale. The details of the band structure, density of states and band edge position determining calculations confirm that the g-C3N4/CoN4 composite forms a type 1 heterojunction, making it a suitable photocatalyst for water splitting reaction. The practical application of the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterostructure as a photocatalyst was substantiated in the presence of polar solvent (water) by calculating the band gap, charge transfer interaction and charge density difference. There is a significant decrease of charge transfer and thereby charge density difference in the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction in the presence of water; however, it still holds potential for use as a photocatalyst for water splitting reaction. The state-of-the-art theoretical modeling of the g-C3N4/CoN4 heterojunction is the first theoretical study incorporating the CoN4 crystal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhilshada V N
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Aiswarya Chandran
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
| | - Sabyasachi Sen
- Department of Physics, Shyampur Siddheswari Mahavidyalaya, Ajodhya, Shyampur, Howrah, Pin-711312& JIS College of Engineering Block A, Phase-III, Kalyani, Nadia, Pin-741235, India
| | - Mausumi Chattopadhyaya
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Calicut, Calicut Mukkam Road, Kattangal, Kerala 673601, India.
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Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) based materials: current application trends in health and other multidisciplinary fields. INTERNATIONAL NANO LETTERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s40089-023-00395-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Lingamdinne LP, Lebaka VR, Koduru JR, Chang YY. Insights into manganese ferrite anchored graphene oxide to remove Cd(II) and U(VI) via batch and semi-batch columns and its potential antibacterial applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 310:136888. [PMID: 36265706 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.136888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The bioaccumulation, non-biodegradability, and high toxicity of Cd(II) and U(VI) in water is a serious concerns. Manganese ferrite/graphene oxide (GMF) nanocomposites were synthesized, characterized, and used to efficiently remove Cd(II) and U(VI) from an aqueous solution in this study. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) analyses, respectively, confirmed the formation of GMF and the adsorptive removal mechanism. The XRD results revealed an amorphous structure when MnFe2O4 was loaded onto the GO surface. XPS results suggest that C = C, C-OorOH, and metal oxides are responsible for the removal of Cd(II) and U(VI) via electrostatic and chemical interaction. According to the Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) characterization analysis, GMF has a high surface area (117.78 m2/g) and a spherical shape with even distribution. The kinetics data were successfully reproduced by a pseudo-second-order non-linear model indicating the complexity of the sorption mechanism was rate-limiting. The maximum Langmuir uptake ability of GMF for Cd(II) and U(VI) was calculated to be 232.56 mg/g and 201.65 mg/g, respectively. Using external magnetic power, the prepared GMF can easily separate from the aqueous solution and can keep both metal ions under Environmental protection agency standards in water for up to six cycles of re-use of GMF. Finally, the GMF nanocomposite demonstrated significant promise as an adsorbent for removing Cd(II) and U(VI) from actual contaminated water samples. The antibacterial test was expanded to include gram-negative E. coli and gram-positive S. aureus to better understand GMF's bacterial inhibition efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Janardhan Reddy Koduru
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yoon-Young Chang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kwangwoon University, Seoul, 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Deng Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Huang Y, Lu P. Efficient Activation of Peroxymonosulfate by V-Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Organic Contamination Remediation. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:8936. [PMID: 36556741 PMCID: PMC9785673 DOI: 10.3390/ma15248936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) based on peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation have been developed as an ideal pathway for completely eradication of recalcitrant organic pollutants from water environment. Herein, the V-doped graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is rationally fabricated by one-step thermal polymerization method to activate PMS for contamination decontamination. The results demonstrate the V atoms are successfully integrated into the framework of g-C3N4, which can effectively improve light absorption intensity and enhance charge separation. The V-doped g-C3N4 displays superior catalytic performance for PMS activation. Moreover, the doping content has a great influence on the activation performances. The radical quenching experiments confirm •O2-, SO4•-, and h+ are the significant species in the catalytic reaction. This work would provide a feasible strategy to exploit efficient g-C3N4-based material for PMS activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Deng
- Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Zhenhua Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Yongkui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources, Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Peili Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics and Control, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Phenyl-doped porous carbon nitride for enhanced visible light-driven photocatalytic oxidation of aromatic alcohols. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2022.123670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Non-oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation over Vanadium Doped Graphitic Carbon Nitride Catalysts. Catal Letters 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10562-022-04018-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Dang X, Wu S, Zhang H, Quan X, Zhao H. Simultaneous heteroatom doping and microstructure construction by solid thermal melting method for enhancing photoelectrochemical property of g-C3N4 electrodes. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.120005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Meng J, Zhang X, Liu Y, Ren M, Guo Y, Yang X, Yang Y. Engineering of graphitic carbon nitride with simultaneous potassium doping sites and nitrogen defects for notably enhanced photocatalytic oxidation performance. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 796:148946. [PMID: 34273839 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) offers exciting opportunities for sustainable photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants but suffers from drawbacks of insufficient oxidation driving force and low quantum efficiency. To over the drawbacks, here a simple and effective strategy was developed to engineer g-C3N4 with simultaneous interstitially embedded potassium dopant and nitrogen defects, and the process included supramolecular preorganization followed by KOH-assisted thermal polycondensation. In the prepared DN-K-CN catalysts, potassium doping level and the amount of nitrogen defects were both controllable. With the increment of potassium doping level, the bandgap of the DN-K-CN became narrow, along with continuously downshifted valence band position. The DN-K-CN showed greatly enhanced visible-light photocatalytic oxidation performance with respect to g-C3N4 in the degradation of emerging phenolic pollutants, acetaminophen and methylparaben; meanwhile, the oxidation performance of DN-K-CN depended on potassium doping level and the amount of nitrogen defects. Combination of experimental findings and theory calculations it is confirmed that the enhanced photocatalytic oxidation performance of DN-K-CN was attributed to the synergistic effect of potassium dopant and nitrogen defects, which resulted in the generation of plentiful active oxygen species and the improvement of oxidation driving force of valence holes. The influence of potassium dopant and nitrogen defects on the electronic and band structures of g-C3N4 was revealed; simultaneously, mechanism of the enhanced photocatalytic oxidation performance of g-C3N4 after the introduction of potassium dopant and nitrogen defects was studied. The present work provided new insights into the electronic and band structure tuning for the improvement of the photocatalytic oxidation performance of g-C3N4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Meng
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Xueyan Zhang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Yunqing Liu
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Miao Ren
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Yihang Guo
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Xia Yang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
| | - Yuxin Yang
- School of Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130117, PR China.
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Mallikarjuna K, Vattikuti SVP, Manne R, Manjula G, Munirathnam K, Mallapur S, Marraiki N, Mohammed A, Reddy LV, Rajesh M, Razab MKAA. Sono-Chemical Synthesis of Silver Quantum Dots Immobilized on Exfoliated Graphitic Carbon Nitride Nanostructures Using Ginseng Extract for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution, Dye Degradation, and Antimicrobial Studies. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2918. [PMID: 34835682 PMCID: PMC8623364 DOI: 10.3390/nano11112918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to modernization and the scarcity of fossil fuel resources, energy demand is continuously increasing. In this regard, it is essential and necessary to create a renewable energy source that can meet future energy demands. Recently, the production of H2 by water splitting and removing pollutants from the water has been essential for issues of energy and environmental demands. Herein, g-C3N4 and Ag-g-C3N4 composite structures have been successfully fabricated by the ultrasonication method. The physio/photochemical properties of prepared g-C3N4 and Ag-g-C3N4 were examined with different analytical techniques such as FTIR, XRD, UV-DRS, SEM, TEM, PL, and XPS analyses. The silver quantum dots (QDS) anchored to g-C3N4 structures performed the profound photocatalytic activities of H2 production, dye degradation, and antimicrobial activity under visible-light irradiation. The Ag/g-C3N4 composite with an Ag loading of 0.02 mole has an optimum photoactivity at 335.40 μmol g-1 h-1, which is superior to other Ag loading g-C3N4 composites. The synthesized Ag/g-C3N4 nanoparticles showed potential microbial inhibition activity during the preliminary screening, and the inhibition zones were comparable to the commercial antibiotic chloramphenicol. The loading of Ag into g-C3N4 paves the suppression, recombination and transfer of photo-generated electron-hole pairs, leading to the enhancement of hydrogen production, the diminishment of pollutants in water under visible light irradiation, and antimicrobial activity against multidrug-resistant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koduru Mallikarjuna
- Department of Physics, Siddharth Institute of Engineering and Technology, Puttur 517583, India;
| | | | - Ravi Manne
- Chemtex Environmental Lab, Port Arthur, TX 77642, USA;
| | - Gangarapu Manjula
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Tirupati 517520, India;
| | - Keelapattu Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India;
| | - Srinivas Mallapur
- Department of Chemistry, School of Applied Sciences, REVA University, Bangalore 560064, India;
| | - Najat Marraiki
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Campus Jeli, Locked Bag100, Jeli 17600, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Megala Rajesh
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati 517502, India;
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Zhang W, Xu D, Wang F, Chen M. Element-doped graphitic carbon nitride: confirmation of doped elements and applications. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2021; 3:4370-4387. [PMID: 36133458 PMCID: PMC9417723 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Doping is widely reported as an efficient strategy to enhance the performance of graphitic carbon nitride (g-CN). In the study of element-doped g-CN, the characterization of doped elements is an indispensable requirement, as well as a huge challenge. In this review, we summarize some useful characterization methods which can confirm the existence and chemical states of doped elements. The advantages and shortcomings of these characterization methods are discussed in detail. Various applications of element-doped g-CN and the function of doped elements are also introduced. Overall, this review article aims to provide helpful information for the research of element-doped g-CN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Datong Xu
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Fengjue Wang
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Materials Science, Fudan University Shanghai 200433 PR China
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