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Yang W, Xin X, Liu S. Performances of a novel BAF with ferromanganese oxide modified biochar (FMBC) as the carriers for treating antibiotics, nitrogen and phosphorus in aquaculture wastewater. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:1849-1862. [PMID: 39133297 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-024-03073-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, a biological aerated filter (BAF) based on ferromanganese oxide-biochar (FMBC) was constructed to investigated the removal performance and mechanism for conventional pollutants and four kinds of antibiotic, in contrast of conventional zeolite loaded BAF (BAF-A) and bamboo biochar filled BAF (BAF-B). Results showed that the average removal efficiency of total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP) and antibiotics in a FMBC-BAF (named by BAF-C) were 52.97 ± 2.27%, 51.58 ± 1.92% and 70.36 ± 1.00% ~ 81.65 ± 0.99% respectively in running period (39-100 d), which were significantly higher than those of BAF-A and BAF-B. In the BAF-C, the expression of denitrification enzyme activities and the secretion of extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) especially polyprotein (PN) were effectively stimulated, as well as accelerated electron transfer activity (ETSA) and lower electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) were acquired. After 100 days of operation, the abundance of nitrogen, phosphorus and antibiotic removal functional bacteria like Sphingorhabdus (4.52%), Bradyrhizobium (1.98%), Hyphomicrobium (2.49%), Ferruginibacter (7.80%), unclassified_f_Blastoca tellaceae (1.84%), norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45 (6.82%), norank_f_norank_o_SBR1031 (2.43%), Nitrospira (2.58%) norank_f_Caldilineaceae (1.53%) and Micropruina (1.11%) were enriched. Mechanism hypothesis of enhanced performances of nutrients and antibiotics removal pointed that: The phosphorus was removed by adsorption and precipitation, antibiotics removal was mainly achieved through the combined action of adsorption and biodegradation, while nitrogen removal was realized by biologic nitrification and denitrification in a FMBC-BAF for aquaculture wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Yang
- School of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
| | - Xin Xin
- School of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China.
| | - Siqiang Liu
- School of Resources and Environment, Chengdu University of Information Technology, Chengdu, 610225, China
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Lin Z, Wu W, Yang C, Yang G, Wu W, Wei T, Huang F, Li H, Ren L, Liang Y, Zhang D, Li Z, Zhen Z. Mechanisms of biochar assisted di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) biodegradation in tomato rhizosphere by metabolic and metagenomic analysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 353:141520. [PMID: 38395368 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The intensive accumulation of di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP) in agricultural soils has resulted in severe environmental pollution that endangers ecosystem and human health. Biochar is an eco-friendly material that can help in accelerating organic pollutant degradation; nevertheless, its roles in enhancing DEHP removal in rhizosphere remain unclear. This work investigated the impacts of biochar dosage (0%-2.0%) on DEHP degradation performance in tomato rhizosphere by comprehensively exploring the change in DEHP metabolites, bacterial communities and DEHP-degrading genes. Our results showed a significant increase of rhizosphere pH, organic matter and humus by biochar amendment, which achieved a satisfactorily higher DEHP removal efficiency, maximally 77.53% in treatments with 1.0% of biochar. Biochar addition also remarkably changed rhizosphere bacterial communities by enriching some potential DEHP degraders of Nocardioides, Sphingomonas, Bradyrhizobium and Rhodanobacter. The abundance of genes encoding key enzymes (hydrolase, esterase and cytochrome P450) and DEHP-degrading genes (pht3, pht4, pht5, benC-xylZ and benD-xylL) were increased after biochar amendment, leading to the change in DEHP degradation metabolism, primarily from benzoic acid pathway to protocatechuic acid pathway. Our findings evidenced that biochar amendment could accelerate DEHP degradation by altering rhizosphere soil physicochemical variables, bacterial community composition and metabolic genes, providing clues for the mechanisms of biochar-assisted DEHP degradation in organic contaminated farmland soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong Lin
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China; Shenzhen Research Institute of Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, 518108, PR China
| | - Weijian Wu
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Changhong Yang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Guiqiong Yang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Weilong Wu
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Ting Wei
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Fengcheng Huang
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Huijun Li
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Lei Ren
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Yanqiu Liang
- Faculty of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China
| | - Dayi Zhang
- College of New Energy and Environment, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, PR China
| | - Zhe Li
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, 250014, PR China.
| | - Zhen Zhen
- College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
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Guan R, Wang L, Zhao Y, Huang F, Zhang Y, Wang X, Chen Y, Li M, Wang D. The mechanism of DEHP degradation by the combined action of biochar and Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1: Mechanisms insight from bacteria viability, degradation efficiency and changes in extracellular environment. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 341:140093. [PMID: 37678595 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) has been widely detected in soil, water, and sediment as a priority control pollutant. Immobilized microorganism technology is gradually mature and applied in production. Biochar prepared from agricultural wastes is an excellent immobilized carrier because of its porous structure and abundant functional groups. Environmental acidification was caused by degrading bacteria Arthrobacter sp. JQ-1 (JQ-1) respiration and acidic metabolites during DEHP degradation, which affected the passage life of microorganisms and the removal efficiency of DEHP. The mechanism of DEHP degradation by the combined action of JQ-1 and corn straw biochar (BC) at 600 °C was investigated, and bacterial viability, microenvironmental changes, and kinetic tests were performed in this research. Compared with biodegradation group alone, the degradation rate of DEHP in 1% biochar unloaded and loaded with JQ-1 increased by 18.3% and 30.9%, and its half-life decreased to 23.90 h and 11.95h, a reduction of 31.37 h. The percentage of detected living JQ-1 increased as biochar content increased when loading capacity was less than 1%. In which, (JQ-1-BC2) group was 4.1% higher than (JQ-1-BC1) group. Biochar has the ability to neutralize acidifying environmental pH due to its alkaline functional groups, including lactone group, -OH, -COO-. 1% biochar loaded with JQ-1 increased the pH of the microenvironment by 0.57 and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity by 0.0063 U·mL-1, which promoted the reduction of PA. Study suggested that biochar loaded with JQ-1 could simultaneously adsorb and degrade DEHP during the process of DEHP removal. Biochar could be used as a biological stimulant to increase abundance and metabolism, enhance the utilization of DEHP by JQ-1. Biochar (1% (w/v)) loaded with JQ-1 as DEHP removal material showed good performance. Biochar not only as an immobilized carrier, but also as a biostimulant, providing an effective strategy for the collaborative remediation of PAEs contaminated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Guan
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhao
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Fuxin Huang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yuxin Chen
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mingze Li
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Didi Wang
- School of Resources and Environment, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Yang H, Li M, Zhang C, Li N, Yao X, Li X, Li F, Wang J. Ecotoxicological and biochemical effects of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate on wheat (Jimai 22, Triticum aestivum L.). JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 447:130816. [PMID: 36680896 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.130816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate esters (DEHP) has attracted widespread attention due to its ecotoxicological effects on organisms. In this study, wheat seedlings were exposed to DEHP- contaminated soil with 4 concentration gradients (0, 1, 10, and 100 mg kg-1, respectively) for 30 days. The growth index, physiological index, oxidative damage system, and gene expression of wheat seedlings were comprehensively measured and analyzed. The results revealed that DEHP could reduce the germination rate of wheat. Only the 100 mg kg-1 treatment group significantly inhibited root length, but no effect on plant height. At the biochemical level, photosynthetic pigments of wheat seedlings were promoted first and then inhibited, while the soluble sugar content presented a trend of "inhibition - activation - inhibition". The antioxidant enzymes (SOD and POD) presented an approximate parabolic trend, while it was opposite for CAT. Whereas the corresponding antioxidant enzyme genes were up-regulated, and the Hsp70 heat-shock protein gene was down-regulated. Finally, integrated biological response index (IBR) analysis showed that the DEHP toxicity to wheat seedlings was dose dependent. Molecular docking indicated that DEHP could stably bind to GBSS and GST by intermolecular force. Overall, this study provided constructive insights for a comprehensive assessment of the toxicity risk of DEHP to wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Mingsheng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tai'an City Central Hospital, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Cui Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Na Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China
| | - Fang Li
- College of Economics and Management, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271000, PR China.
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Li X, Wang Q, Jiang N, Lv H, Liang C, Yang H, Yao X, Wang J. Occurrence, source, ecological risk, and mitigation of phthalates (PAEs) in agricultural soils and the environment: A review. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 220:115196. [PMID: 36592811 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The widespread distribution of phthalates (PAEs) in agricultural soils is increasing drastically; however, the environmental occurrence and potential risk of PAEs in agricultural systems remain largely unreviewed. In this study, the occurrence, sources, ecotoxicity, exposure risks, and control measures of PAEs contaminants in agricultural soils are summarized, and it is concluded that PAEs have been widely detected and persist in the soil at concentrations ranging from a few μg/kg to tens of mg/kg, with spatial and vertical variations in China. Agrochemicals and atmospheric deposition have largely contributed to the elevated contamination status of PAEs in soils. In addition, PAEs cause multi-level hazards to soil organisms (survival, oxidative damage, genetic and molecular levels, etc.) and further disrupt the normal ecological functions of soil. The health hazards of PAEs to humans are mainly generated through dietary and non-dietary pathways, and children may be at a higher risk of exposure than adults. Improving the soil microenvironment and promoting biochemical reactions and metabolic processes of PAEs are the main mechanisms for mitigating contamination. Based on these reviews, this study provides a valuable framework for determining future study objectives to reveal environmental risks and reduce the resistance control of PAEs in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxu Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Qian Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Nan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China; College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712000, China
| | - Huijuan Lv
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Chunliu Liang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Huiyan Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Xiangfeng Yao
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271S000, China.
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6
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Tang H, Chen M, Wu P, Faheem M, Feng Q, Lee X, Wang S, Wang B. Engineered biochar effects on soil physicochemical properties and biota communities: A critical review. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 311:137025. [PMID: 36374784 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Biochar can be effectively used in soil amendment, environmental remediation as well as carbon sequestration. However, some inherent characteristics of pristine biochars (PBCs) may limit their environmental applications. To improve the physicochemical properties of PBCs and their effects on soil amendment and pollution remediation, appropriate modification methods are needed. Engineered biochars (EBCs) inevitably have a series of effects on soil physicochemical properties and soil biota after being applied to the soil. Currently, most studies focus on the effects of PBCs on soil physicochemical properties and their amendment and remediation effects, while relatively limited studies are available on the impacts of EBCs on soil properties and biota communities. Due to the differences of biochars modified by various methods on soil physicochemical properties and biota communities, the impact mechanisms are different. For a better understanding of the recent advances in the effects of EBCs on soil physicochemical properties and biota communities, a systematic review is highly needed. In this review, the development of EBCs is firstly introduced, and the effects of EBCs on soil physicochemical properties and biota communities are then systematically explored. Finally, the suggestions and perspectives for future research on EBCs are put forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Tang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Pan Wu
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- Department of Civil Infrastructure and Environment Engineering, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Qianwei Feng
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - Xinqing Lee
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550081, China
| | - Shengsen Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, 225127, China
| | - Bing Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China; Key Laboratory of Karst Georesources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China.
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The biochar-based nanocomposites influence the quantity, quality and antioxidant activity of essential oil in dill seeds under salt stress. Sci Rep 2022; 12:21903. [PMID: 36536073 PMCID: PMC9763235 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-26578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil content and composition of medicinal plants may be influenced by eco-friendly products for nutrient availability under abiotic stresses. This research was conducted to determine the effects of biochar (30 g kg-1 soil) and biochar-based nanocomposites (BNCs) of iron (30 g BNC-FeO kg-1 soil), zinc (30 g BNC-ZnO kg-1 soil), and their combined form (15 + 15 g) on dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under salinity levels (non-saline, 6 and 12 dS m-1). Application of biochar, particularly BNCs increased iron and zinc content and decreased sodium accumulation in leaf tissues. The seed essential oil content increased under high salinity. Salinity changed the values of major compounds in essential oil and induced the formation of compounds such as alpha,2-dimethylstyrene, cuminyl alcohol, p-cymene, and linalool. Biochar treatments especially BNCs with a higher production of monoterpenes increased the levels of limonene, carvone, apiol, and dillapioll. All extracts showed a considerable DPPH-inhibitory effect with application of BNCs under salinity. The maximum antioxidant activity was observed under high level of salinity with application of the combined form. Therefore, the combined form of nanocomposite was the best treatment to improve the content of basic commercial monoterpenes and consequently antioxidant activity of essential oil in salt-stressed dill plants.
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Bao Z, Shi C, Tu W, Li L, Li Q. Recent developments in modification of biochar and its application in soil pollution control and ecoregulation. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 313:120184. [PMID: 36113644 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Soil pollution has become a real threat to mankind in the 21st century. On the one hand, soil pollution has reduced the world's arable land area, resulting in the contradiction between the world's population expansion and the shortage of arable land. On the other hand, soil pollution has seriously disrupted the soil ecological balance and significantly affected the biodiversity in the soil. Soil pollutants may further affect the survival, reproduction and health of humans and other organisms through the food chain. Several studies have suggested that biochar has the potential to act as a soil conditioner and to promote crop growth, and is widely used to remove environmental pollutants. Biochar modified by physical, chemical, and biological methods will affect the treatment efficiency of soil pollution, soil quality, soil ecology and interaction with organisms, especially with microorganisms. Therefore, in this review, we summarized several main biochar modification methods and the mechanisms of the modification and introduced the effects of the application of modified biochar to soil pollutant control, soil ecological regulation and soil nutrient regulation. We also introduced some case studies for the development of modified biochars suitable for different soil conditions, which plays a guiding role in the future development and application of modified biochar. In general, this review provides a reference for the green treatment of different soil pollutants by modified biochar and provides data support for the sustainable development of agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Bao
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chunzhen Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Food Chain Pollution Control, School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing, 100048, China
| | - Wenying Tu
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lijiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industrialization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Chang X, Song Z, Xu Y, Gao M. Response of soil characteristics to biochar and Fe-Mn oxide-modified biochar application in phthalate-contaminated fluvo-aquic soils. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 225:112755. [PMID: 34500388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Biochar (BC) derived from agricultural biomass is effective at immobilizing phthalate in the agricultural soil environment. In this study, we assessed the effects of 0.5%, 1%, and 2% BC and Fe-Mn oxide-modified biochar (FMBC) addition on dibutyl phthalate (DBP) and di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) residues and biochemical characteristics in the rhizosphere soil of mature wheat polluted with DBP and DEHP using a pot experiment. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surfaces and pores of BC and FMBC adhered soil mineral particles after remediation. Therefore, DBP and DEHP residues were increased in BC- and FMBC-treated soils. Illumina HiSeq sequencing showed that, compared with the control, BC and FMBC addition significantly enhanced the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced Proteobacteria. The abundance of Sphenodons and Pseudomonas, which degrade phthalates, tended to be higher in FMBC-amended soils than in BC-amended and control soils. This result may be related to an increase in available nutrients and organic matter following BC and FMBC application. Subsequently, the changes in soil bacterial abundance and community structure induced an increase in polyphenol oxidase, β-glucosidase, neutral phosphatase, and protease activity in BC and FMBC remediation. In comparison with the BC treatment, FMBC addition had a significantly positive effect on enzyme activity, and the microbial structure and was therefore more effective at immobilizing DBP and DEHP in the soil. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that FMBC is a reliable remediation material for phthalate-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xipeng Chang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Zhengguo Song
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, China
| | - Yalei Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, No. 399 Binshui West Road, Xiqing District, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Minling Gao
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Shantou University, No. 243 Daxue Road, Shantou, Guangdong Province 515063, China.
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Muhammad N, Ge L, Khan MH, Chan WP, Bilal M, Lisak G, Nafees M. Effects of different biochars on physicochemical properties and immobilization of potentially toxic elements in soil - A geostatistical approach. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 277:130350. [PMID: 33794433 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.130350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The impact of different biochars (BCs) on the physicochemical properties and immobilization of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in contaminated soil irrigated with industrial wastewater for the last three decades was studied. Furthermore, the efficacy of applied BCs in reducing geostatistical risks was also evaluated. For this purpose, BCs were prepared from green waste (Cynodon dactylon L.) for the first time at different pyrolysis temperature (400 °C, 600 °C and 800 °C), and amended the contaminated soil in pots with two different ratios of 2% and 5% (w/w) under controlled conditions. The BCs amended soil samples were analyzed after five months (equivalent to the life span of a wheat crop). The physicochemical impacts of applied BCs on the soil showed that the acidic soil was changed to basic. A tremendous increase in water holding capacity, cation exchange capacity, dissolved organic carbon, carbon, phosphorus and potassium contents was observed. The PTEs concentrations and geostatistical risks were significantly (p ≤ 0.05) decreased by all the BCs. Among them, BC prepared at 800 °C and applied at a ratio of 5% was showed the best effects by reducing the bioavailable concentrations of Cd, Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mn, Fe, As, Co and Zn in 88%, 87%, 78%, 76%, 69%, 65%, 64%, 63%, 46% and 21%, respectively. Similarly, significant (p ≤ 0.05) reductions in geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor, and ecological risk were recorded. Therefore, BC prepared at 800 °C and applied at a ratio of 5% is recommended for soil remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar Muhammad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; Department of Environmental Science, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, 29050, Pakistan.
| | - Liya Ge
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Muhammad Haya Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Wei Ping Chan
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan
| | - Grzegorz Lisak
- Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore; School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
| | - Mohammad Nafees
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25120, Pakistan.
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