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Pérez-Alfaro JE, Villaseca A, Gaytán R, Martínez-Jardines MA, Buitrón G, Texier AC, Cuervo-López FM. Nitrification activity in the presence of 2-chlorophenol using whole nitrifying cells and cell-free extracts: batch and SBR assays. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:364. [PMID: 37840880 PMCID: PMC10575828 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-023-03764-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Kinetic assays with a nitrifying consortium with whole nitrifying cells amended with 5 mg 2-CP-C/L and 100, 200, 300, or 500 mg NH4+-N/L were carried out in batch and nitrifying sequencing batch reactor (SBR) cultures. No nitrification activity was observed in batch assays with 100 mg NH4+-N/L and 5 mg 2-CP-C/L. Nevertheless, increasing the ammonium concentration from 200 to 500 mg NH4+-N/L allowed simultaneous ammonium and nitrite oxidation even in the presence of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L plus the halogenated compound consumption. Under these conditions, the ammonium monooxygenase enzyme participated in 2-CP consumption. Complete nitrification and simultaneous elimination of 5 mg 2-CP-C/L were achieved in the SBR amended with 200-500 mg NH4+-N/L. The inhibitory effect of 2-CP on the nitrite oxidation process completely disappeared under these conditions. Assays with nitrifying cell-free extracts, ammonium (100 mg NH4+-N/L), and 2-CP (5 mg 2-CP-C/L) were also conducted. In the absence of 2-CP, the nitrifying cell-free extracts maintained up to 60% of the nitrifying activity compared to whole-cells. Contrary to whole-cell assays, cell-free extracts were capable of simultaneously oxidizing ammonium and consuming 2-CP. However, the inhibitory effect of 2-CP on nitrification was still present as lower specific rates of ammonium consumption and nitrate production were obtained. Thus, these assays indicate that the presence of 2-CP affects both, the ammonium transport mechanism and the activity of nitrifying enzymes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13205-023-03764-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. E. Pérez-Alfaro
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - A. Villaseca
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - Raúl Gaytán
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - M. A. Martínez-Jardines
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - G. Buitrón
- Unidad Académica del Instituto de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76230 Querétaro, Querétaro México
| | - A.-C. Texier
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
| | - F. M. Cuervo-López
- Department of Biotechnology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Iztapalapa, CP 09310 Mexico City, México
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Maturano-Carrera D, Oltehua-Lopez O, Cuervo-López FDM, Texier AC. Long-term post-storage reactivation of a nitrifying sludge in a sequential batch reactor: physiological and kinetic evaluation. 3 Biotech 2023; 13:17. [PMID: 36568497 PMCID: PMC9768056 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03433-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Production, preservation and recovery of sludge with stabilized nitrifying activity over long time can be difficult. Information on the ability of nitrifying sludge to regain its nitrifying activity after long-term storage is still scarce. In this work, the physiological and kinetic changes during the reactivation and stabilization of a nitrifying sludge previously exposed to ampicillin (AMP) were evaluated in a sequential batch reactor (SBR) after its long-term storage (1 year) at 4 °C. After storage, both ammonium and nitrite oxidizing processes were slow, being nitrite oxidation the most affected step. During the reactivation stage (cycles 1-6), physiological and kinetic activity of the nitrifying sludge improved through the operating cycles, in both its ammonium oxidizing and nitrite oxidizing processes. At the end of the reactivation stage, complete nitrifying activity was achieved in 10 h, reaching ammonium consumption efficiencies (ENH4 +) close to 100% and nitrate yields (YNO3 -) of 0.98 mg NO3 --N/mg NH4 +-N consumed without nitrite accumulation. During the stabilization stage (cycles 7-17), results indicated that the sludge could maintain a steady-state respiratory process with restoration percentages of 100% for nitrifying specific rates (qNH4 + and qNO3 -) with respect to their values obtained before storage. Furthermore, during the addition of 15 mg AMP/L (cycles 18-21), the sludge preserved its metabolic capacity to biodegrade 90% of AMP in 2 h. Therefore, long-term storage of nitrifying sludge could be used to preserve nitrifying inocula as bioseeds for bioremediation and bioaugmentation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Maturano-Carrera
- Department of Biotechnology-CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, CP 09310 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar Oltehua-Lopez
- Department of Biotechnology-CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, CP 09310 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Flor de María Cuervo-López
- Department of Biotechnology-CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, CP 09310 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Anne-Claire Texier
- Department of Biotechnology-CBS, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, Av. Ferrocarril San Rafael Atlixco 186, CP 09310 Mexico City, Mexico
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Wang L, Hu Z, Hu M, Zhao J, Zhou P, Zhang Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Hu ZT, Pan Z. Cometabolic biodegradation system employed subculturing photosynthetic bacteria: A new degradation pathway of 4-chlorophenol in hypersaline wastewater. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 361:127670. [PMID: 35878775 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
4-chlorophenol (4-CP) as a toxic persistent pollutant is quite difficult treatment by using traditional biological processes. Herein, photosynthetic bacteria (PSB) driven cometabolic biodegradation system associated with exogeneous carbon sources (e.g., sodium acetate) has been demonstrated as an effective microbial technique. The biodegradation rate (ri) can be at 0.041 d-1 with degradation efficiency of 93% in 3094 lx. Through the study of subculturing PSB in absence of NaCl, it was found that 50% inoculation time can be saved but keeping a similar 4-CP biodegradation efficiency in scale-up salinity system. A new plausible biodegradation pathway for 4-CP in 4th G PSB cometabolic system is proposed based on the detected cyclohexanone generation followed by ring opening. It is probably ascribed to the increasement of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes at phyla level classified based on microbial community. This study contributes to a new insight into cometabolic technology for chlorophenol treatment in industrial hypersaline wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Wang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhongce Hu
- College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Mian Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Institute of Bioresource and Agriculture, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Peijie Zhou
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yongjie Zhang
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Department of Environmental & Resource Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Zhong-Ting Hu
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China
| | - Zhiyan Pan
- College of Environment, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China.
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Wang J, Poursat BAJ, Feng J, de Ridder D, Zhang C, van der Wal A, Sutton NB. Exploring organic micropollutant biodegradation under dynamic substrate loading in rapid sand filters. WATER RESEARCH 2022; 221:118832. [PMID: 35949068 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microbial removal of trace organic micropollutants (OMPs) from drinking water sources remains challenging. Nitrifying and heterotrophic bacteria in rapid sand filters (RSFs) are capable of biodegrading OMPs while growing on ammonia and dissolved organic matter (DOM). The loading patterns of ammonia and DOM may therefore affect microbial activities as well as OMP biodegradation. So far, there is very limited information on the effect of substrate loading on OMP biodegradation at environmentally relevant concentrations (∼ 1 µg/L) in RSFs. We investigated the biodegradation rates of 16 OMPs at various substrate loading rates and/or empty bed contact times (EBCT). The presence of DOM improved the biodegradation of paracetamol (41.8%) by functioning as supplementary carbon source for the heterotrophic degrader, while hindering the biodegradation of 2,4-D, mecoprop and benzotriazole due to substrate competition. Lower loading ratios of DOM/benzotriazole benefited benzotriazole biodegradation by reducing substrate competition. Higher ammonia loading rates enhanced benzotriazole removal by stimulating nitrification-based co-metabolism. However, stimulating nitrification inhibited heterotrophic activity, which in turn inhibited the biodegradation of paracetamol, 2,4-D and mecoprop. A longer EBCT promoted metformin biodegradation as it is a slowly biodegradable compound, but suppressed the biodegradation of paracetamol and benzotriazole due to limited substrate supply. Therefore, the optimal substrate loading pattern is contingent on the type of OMP, which can be chosen based on the priority compounds in practice. The overall results contribute to understanding OMP biodegradation mechanisms at trace concentrations and offer a step towards enhancing microbial removal of OMPs from drinking water by optimally using RSFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinsong Wang
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Baptiste A J Poursat
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jiahao Feng
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - David de Ridder
- Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Chen Zhang
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 8033, 6700 EH Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van der Wal
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; Evides Water Company N.V., Schaardijk 150, 3063 NH Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nora B Sutton
- Environmental Technology, Wageningen University & Research, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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Li S, Peng L, Yang C, Song S, Xu Y. Cometabolic biodegradation of antibiotics by ammonia oxidizing microorganisms during wastewater treatment processes. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 305:114336. [PMID: 34953231 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies on antibiotic removal during wastewater treatment processes are crucial since their release into the environment could bring potential threats to human health and ecosystem. Cometabolic biodegradation of antibiotics by ammonia oxidizing microorganisms (AOMs) has received special attentions due to the enhanced removal of antibiotics during nitrification processes. However, the interactions between antibiotics and AOMs are less well-elucidated. In this review, the recent research proceedings on cometabolic biodegradation of antibiotics by AOMs were summarized. Ammonia oxidizing bacteria (AOB), ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and complete ammonia oxidizers (comammox) played significant roles in both nitrification and cometabolic biodegradation of antibiotics. Antibiotics at varying concentrations might pose inhibiting or stimulating effect on AOMs, influencing the microbial activity, community abundance and ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene expression level. AOMs-induced cometabolic biodegradation products were analyzed as well as the corresponding pathways for each type of antibiotics. The effects of ammonium availability, initial antibiotic concentration, sludge retention time and temperature were assessed on the cometabolic biodegradation efficiencies of antibiotics. This work might provide further insights into the fate and removal of antibiotics during nitrification processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengjun Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Lai Peng
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
| | - Chenguang Yang
- Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Shaoxian Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources Processing and Environment, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Luoshi Road 122, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, China.
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Evaluating acute toxicity in enriched nitrifying cultures: Lessons learned. J Microbiol Methods 2021; 192:106377. [PMID: 34798174 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2021.106377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxicological batch assays are essential to assess a compound's acute effect on microorganisms. This methodology is frequently employed to evaluate the effect of contaminants in sensitive microbial communities from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), such as autotrophic nitrifying populations. However, despite nitrifying batch assays being commonly mentioned in the literature, their experimental design criteria are rarely reported or overlooked. Here, we found that slight deviations in culture preparations and conditions impacted bacterial community performance and could skew assay results. From pre-experimental trials and experience, we determined how mishandling and treatment of cultures could affect nitrification activity. While media and biomass preparations are needed to establish baseline conditions (e.g., biomass washing), we found extensive centrifugation selectively destabilised nitrification activities. Further, it is paramount that the air supply is adjusted to minimise nitrite build-up in the culture and maintain suitable aeration levels without sparging ammonia. DMSO and acetone up to 0.03% (v/v) were suitable organic solvents with minimal impact on nitrification activity. In the nitrification assays with allylthiourea (ATU), dilute cultures exhibited more significant inhibition than concentrated cultures. So there were biomass-related effects; however, these differences minimally impacted the EC50 values. Using different nutrient-media compositions had a minimal effect; however, switching mineral media for the toxicity test from the original cultivation media is not recommended because it reduced the original biomass nitrification capacity. Our results demonstrated that these factors substantially impact the performance of the nitrifying inoculum used in acute bioassays, and consequently, affect the response of AOB-NOB populations during the toxicant exposure. These are not highlighted in operation standards, and unfortunately, they can have significant consequential impacts on the determinations of toxicological endpoints. Moreover, the practical procedures tested here could support other authors in developing testing methodologies, adding quality checks in the experimental framework with minimal waste of time and resources.
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