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Borgquist S, Villadsen SNB, Skitsi C, Boesgaard K, Abildskov J, Rivera-Tinoco R, Rasmussen JB, Fosbøl PL. Power-to-X electroscrubbing parameter analysis for biogas desulfurization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 452:131334. [PMID: 37023573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
A new power-to-X desulfurization technology has been examined. The technology uses only electricity to oxidize the hydrogen sulfide (H2S) found in biogas to elemental sulfur. The process works by using a scrubber where the biogas comes into contact with a chlorine containing liquid. This process is capable of removing close to 100% of H2S in biogas. In this paper a parameter analysis of process parameters has been carried out. In addition a long term test of the process has been performed. It has been found that the liquid flow rate has a small but notable influence on the process' performance on removing H2S. The efficiency of the process largely depends on total amount of H2S flowing through the scrubber. As the H2S concentration increases, the amount of chlorine required for the removal process is also increased. A high amount of chlorine in the solvent may lead to unwanted side reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Borgquist
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Sebastian Nis Bay Villadsen
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christina Skitsi
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Jens Abildskov
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | | | - Philip Loldrup Fosbøl
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Arias AN, Granados-Fernández R, Fernández-Marchante C, Lobato J, Rodrigo MA. Influence of current density and inlet gas flow in the treatment of gaseous streams polluted with benzene by electro-absorption. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Silambarasan P, Moon IS. Enhancing the mediated electrochemical reduction process combined with developed liquid-gas electrochemical flow sensors for sustainable N 2O removal at room temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:111912. [PMID: 34450160 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
New electrocatalysts with high reduction efficiency are needed to upgrade the mediated electrochemical reduction for real applications. In addition, automation is required to quantify active electrocatalysts in alkaline media and air pollution. In this study, N2O was removed sustainably by electrogenerated low valent nickel(I) phthalocyanine tetrasulfonate [Ni(I)TSPc] in 1 M KOH using an electroscrubbing system. Ni(I)TSPc electro generation and N2O removal were automated by two (liquid/gas) electrochemical flow sensors, respectively. The Ni(I)TSPc was generated electrochemically up to 95% in 1 M KOH, and high removal efficiency (100%) was observed for 5 ppm N2O and 90% for 10 ppm N2O. A limiting potential change in the in-situ LSV of the chemically synthesized Ni(I)TSPc was taken and derived from the calibration plot and validated by an ex-situ potentiometric titration using an oxygen reduction potential electrode. Using the obtained calibration plot, electrogenerated Ni(I)TSPc allowed a direct determination in a liquid flow cell. The gas flow sensor developed using a KOH/Ni(II)CN4 (TCN (II))-fabricated silver solid amalgam electrode showed an excellent response to N2O concentrations up to 32 ppm. A calibration plot with known concentration was derived and validated by gas chromatography. The response time and sensitivity obtained were approximately 500s and -0.012 mA ppm-1 cm-2, respectively. The sensor stability test confirmed its good stability. Finally, the developed in-situ electrochemical flow sensors were applied to the sustainable automation of N2O pollutant removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silambarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, South Korea
| | - I S Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang-ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, South Korea.
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Silambarasan P, Ramu AG, Govarthanan M, Kim W, Moon IS. Cerium-polysulfide redox flow battery with possible high energy density enabled by MFI-Zeolite membrane working with acid-base electrolytes. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132680. [PMID: 34715103 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A pH change can enable high-energy-density RFB (redox flow battery) in an aqueous medium. Nevertheless, a membrane to prevent the ion crossover is needed. This study adopted cerium and polysulfide in an acid-base combined electrolyte with an MFI-Zeolite membrane as a separator. The increased potential with pH change is described by the OCP (open circuit potential) difference, which varies by 0.8 V for the combination of acid-acid and acid-base electrolyte. A decrease of 350 mV at the redox peak potential of Ce3+/Ce4+ and a 10 mV negative potential shift for S42-/2S22- highlights the pH effect between the combination of acid-acid and acid-base electrolyte indicates the influence of pH leading in half-cell of anodic than the opposite cathodic side. The UV-visible spectral analysis for Ce3+ and S42- ions displacement shows that cerium and sulfur ions do not migrate to each other half-cell through an MFI-Zeolite membrane. As a result, the current efficiency of 94%, voltage, and energy efficiency of 40%-43% were attained at a current density of 10 mA cm-2. Moreover, the acid-base composition of the Ce/S system showed an energy density of 378.3 Wh l -1.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silambarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang Ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, South Korea
| | - A G Ramu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang Ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, South Korea
| | - M Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang Ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do, 57922, South Korea.
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Nis Bay Villadsen S, Ahrensberg Kaab M, Pleth Nielsen L, Møller P, Loldrup Fosbøl P. New electroscrubbing process for desulfurization. Sep Purif Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2021.119552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Silambarasan P, Ramu AG, Govarthanan M, Jung KD, Moon IS. Enhanced sustainable electro-generation of a Ni (I) homogeneous electro-catalyst at a silver solid amalgam electrode for the continuous degradation of N 2O, NO, DCM, and CB pollutants. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 420:126564. [PMID: 34252672 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports the sustainable and enhanced generation of a Ni(I) active electro-catalyst using AgSAE as a cathode material for the sustainable degradation of N2O, NO, dichloromethane (DCM), and chlorobenzene (CB) by electroscrubbing in a series operation. The AgSAE electrode showed 1.66 times higher Ni(I) formation than the Ag metal electrode. The AgSAE achieved 20% ± 2% Ni(I) generation in a highly concentrated alkaline medium, whereas Ag metal only achieved 12% ± 2% Ni(I) generation at the same current density. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and voltammetric studies determined that the kinetics of the charge-transfer reaction was also preferential at the AgSAE, with the cathodic peak at -1.26 V vs. Ag/AgCl confirming Ni(I) formation. Initially, the change in the oxygen reduction potential and reduction efficiency of Ni(I) confirmed the removal of N2O, NO, DCM and CB. In addition, the gas Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum revealed 99.8% removal efficiency of toxic pollutants. Therefore, the regeneration of Ni(I) confirmed the sustainable removal of toxic pollutants. Furthermore, the FTIR spectra revealed the formation of NH3 during the reduction of N2O and NO. On the other hand, DCM and CB were reduced to benzene derivatives in the solution phase. In addition, a plausible reduction mechanism was derived. As a result, the AgSAE cathode exhibited two-fold higher removal efficiency of N2O, NO, DCM, and CB than the previously reported electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Silambarasan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - A G Ramu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - M Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - K D Jung
- Clean Energy Research Centre, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, 5 Hwarang-ro 14-gil, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 02792, Republic of Korea
| | - I S Moon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sunchon National University, 255-Jungang ro, Suncheon-si, Jeollanam-do 57922, Republic of Korea.
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Ramu AG, Umar A, Gopi S, Algadi H, Albargi H, Ibrahim AA, Alsaiari MA, Wang Y, Choi D. Tetracyanonickelate (II)/KOH/reduced graphene oxide fabricated carbon felt for mediated electron transfer type electrochemical sensor for efficient detection of N 2O gas at room temperature. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 201:111591. [PMID: 34186081 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
N2O is the most significant anthropogenic greenhouse gas, which cause the ozone depletion. Hence, the room temperature detection of N2O is highly desirable. In this work, The TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode was successfully fabricated by drop coating method. The synthesized electrode was successfully characterized by SEM, TEM, FT-IR and XRD. The sensor electrode was used to detect different N2O concentration in flow conditions at room temperature. TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode showed high sensitivity towards N2O, a wide range from 1ppm to 16 ppm and low detection of 1 ppm N2O were achieved for the TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF modified electrode. The limit of detection and the response towards this nitrogen oxide is competitive to other sensing methods. In addition, the sensitivity of the electrochemical sensor electrode was compared with the online Gas Chromatography. Additionally, the selectivity of the working electrode was analyzed and specified. The working electrode stability was analyzed for more than 30 days shows good stability. The fabricated TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF electrode is easier to prepare to get excellent analytical performance towards N2O. Hence, the proposed TCN(II)-KOH-rGO/CF electrode could be the suitable material for detection of N2O in the real site process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G Ramu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 2639-Sejong- Ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-City, 30016, South Korea
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - S Gopi
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Hassan Algadi
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hasan Albargi
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Arts, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A Ibrahim
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Empty Quarter Research Unit, Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts in Sharoura, Najran University, Sharoura, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mabkhoot A Alsaiari
- Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, 11001, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Yao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology, Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China
| | - Dongjin Choi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hongik University, 2639-Sejong- Ro, Jochiwon-eup, Sejong-City, 30016, South Korea.
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Escalona-Durán F, Muñoz-Morales M, de Freitas Araújo K, Sáez C, Cañizares P, Martínez-Huitle C, Rodrigo M. Treatment of toluene gaseous streams using packed column electro-scrubbers and cobalt mediators. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2021.115500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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