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Baćmaga M, Wyszkowska J, Kucharski J. Response of Soil Microbiota, Enzymes, and Plants to the Fungicide Azoxystrobin. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8104. [PMID: 39125673 PMCID: PMC11311602 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed at assessing the impact of azoxystrobin-a fungicide commonly used in plant protection against pathogens (Amistar 250 SC)-on the soil microbiota and enzymes, as well as plant growth and development. The laboratory experiment was conducted in three analytical terms (30, 60, and 90 days) on sandy clay (pH-7.0). Azoxystrobin was applied to soil in doses of 0.00 (C), 0.110 (F) and 32.92 (P) mg kg-1 d.m. of soil. Its 0.110 mg kg-1 dose stimulated the proliferation of organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria but inhibited that of fungi. It also contributed to an increase in the colony development index (CD) and a decrease in the ecophysiological diversity index (EP) of all analyzed groups of microorganisms. Azoxystrobin applied at 32.92 mg kg-1 reduced the number and EP of microorganisms and increased their CD. PP952051.1 Bacillus mycoides strain (P), PP952052.1 Prestia megaterium strain (P) bacteria, as well as PP952052.1 Kreatinophyton terreum isolate (P) fungi were identified in the soil contaminated with azoxystrobin, all of which may exhibit resistance to its effects. The azoxystrobin dose of 0.110 mg kg-1 stimulated the activity of all enzymes, whereas its 32.92 mg kg-1 dose inhibited activities of dehydrogenases, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, and urease and stimulated the activity of catalase. The analyzed fungicide added to the soil at both 0.110 and 32.92 mg kg-1 doses inhibited seed germination and elongation of shoots of Lepidium sativum L., Sinapsis alba L., and Sorgum saccharatum L.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jadwiga Wyszkowska
- Department of Soil Science and Microbiology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-727 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.B.); (J.K.)
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Lv L, Jia F, Deng M, Di S, Chu T, Wang Y. Toxic mechanisms of imazalil, azoxystrobin and their mixture to hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 926:172022. [PMID: 38552970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
While combinations of pesticides better represent actual conditions within aquatic ecosystems, the specific toxic effects of these combinations have not been determined yet. The objective of this research was to assess the combined impact of imazalil and azoxystrobin on the hook snout carp (Opsariichthys bidens) and delve into the underlying causes. Our findings indicated that the 4-day LC50 value for imazalil (1.85 mg L-1) was greater than that for azoxystrobin (0.90 mg L-1). When imazalil and azoxystrobin were combined, they presented a heightened effect on the species. Enzyme activities like SOD, CAT, GST, and CarE, along with androgen and estrogen levels, displayed marked differences in most single and combined treatments in comparison to the baseline group. Moreover, four genes (mn-sod, cu-sod, il-1, and esr) related to oxidative stress, immunity, and the endocrine system exhibited more pronounced expression changes when exposed to combined pesticides rather than individual ones. Our tests revealed that the combined use of imazalil and azoxystrobin had more detrimental effect on aquatic vertebrates than when evaluated individually. This finding suggested that future ecological hazard analyses based only on individual tests might not sufficiently safeguard our aquatic ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lv
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fangzhao Jia
- Zunyi City Company Suiyang Branch, Guizhou Province Tobacco Company, Suiyang, 563300, Guizhou, China
| | - Meihua Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Di
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tianfen Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yanhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, Zhejiang, China.
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Lu C, Hou K, Zhou T, Wang X, Zhang J, Cheng C, Du Z, Li B, Wang J, Wang J, Zhu L. Characterization of the responses of soil micro-organisms to azoxystrobin and the residue dynamics of azoxystrobin in wheat-corn rotation fields over two years. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 318:137918. [PMID: 36702407 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Azoxystrobin, a high-efficiency and broad-spectrum strobilurin fungicide, has been widely used in global agricultural production. However, the effects of azoxystrobin on soil micro-organisms have scarcely been studied, and relevant experiments are usually conducted under laboratory conditions using active ingredient. Therefore, the effects of azoxystrobin on soil micro-organisms when applied to actual farmland are unknown. We sought to address this knowledge gap in this study, where we studied the effects of azoxystrobin on soil micro-organisms in a wheat-corn rotation field over two years. The results indicate that after two years of azoxystrobin application the activities of soil enzymes were inhibited, and the abundance of functional genes related to the nitrogen and carbon cycle were inhibited, which change the abundance of soil microbial bacteria of genera. As a consequence, the soil nitrogen and carbon cycles were disturbed. In addition, azoxystrobin inhibited the abundance of functional bacteria related to organic pollutant degradation and soil metabolism, where the rate of azoxystrobin degradation diminished over time. Moreover, azoxystrobin significantly inhibited the soil-culturable microbial population. The integrated biomarker response (IBR) indicated that the soil-culturable microbial population can be used as a sensitive indicator of the effect of azoxystrobin on soil micro-organisms. The final levels of azoxystrobin residues measured in grains were less than 0.004 mg/kg, lower than the maximum residue limits in European Union and China. The results of this study provide a basis for suggestions regarding the appropriate use of azoxystrobin in addition to support for elucidating the interaction between biological macromolecules and pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengbo Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Kaixuan Hou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Tongtong Zhou
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Xiaole Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Chao Cheng
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Zhongkun Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Bing Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jinhua Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Jun Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
| | - Lusheng Zhu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in Universities of Shandong, Taian, 271018, PR China.
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Lin G, Gao J, Shang S, Zhang H, Luo Q, Wu Y, Liu Y, Chen X, Sun Y. 1-Tetradecanol, Diethyl Phthalate and Tween 80 Assist in the Formation of Thermo-Responsive Azoxystrobin Nanoparticles. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227959. [PMID: 36432063 PMCID: PMC9694888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of crop fungal diseases is closely related to warm environmental conditions. In order to control the release of fungicides in response to warm conditions, and enhance the efficacy, a series of thermo-responsive fungicide-loaded nanoparticles were developed. The fungicide azoxystrobin, solvent DEP, emulsifier Tween 80 and thermo-responsive component TDA were combined to create thermal-response oil phases, conditions for emulsification were then optimized. LDLS, zeta potential, FTIR, DSC, TGA, XRD, SEM and antifungal efficacy assays were carried out to investigate the characteristics and forming mechanism. The results indicated that the formula with 5 g azoxystrobin, 10 mL DEP, 6 mL Tween 80 and 2.5 g TDA constructed the proposed oil phase with the ability to transform from solid at 20 °C to softerned at 31.5 °C. Both DEP and TDA played key roles in interfering with the crystallization of azoxystrobin. The optimal T3t-c12 nanoparticles had a mean particle size of 162.1 nm, thermo-responsive morphological transformation between 20 °C and 30 °C, AZO crystal reforming after drying, the ability to attach to fungal spores and satisfied antifungal efficacy against P. nicotiana PNgz07 and A. niger A1513 at 30 °C. This report provides referable technical support for the construction of smart-release nanoparticles of other agrochemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan Lin
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Juntao Gao
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Shenghua Shang
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550001, China
| | - Huanbo Zhang
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qiangke Luo
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Yutong Wu
- Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yong Liu
- School of Biological & Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Chemical and Biological Processing Technology of Farm Product, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
| | - Xingjiang Chen
- Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550001, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
| | - Yan Sun
- Qianjiang College, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310018, China
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (X.C.); (Y.S.); Tel.: +86-571-85-07-0340 (Y.L.); +86-851-84-11-6909 (X.C.); +86-571-28-86-6963 (Y.S.)
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Zeng Y, Zhang S, Yin L, Dai Y. Electrocatalytic degradation of pesticide micropollutants in water by high energy pulse magnetron sputtered Pt/Ti anode. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2022.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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