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Jiang Y, Hu Y, Yu Z, Lv Y, Liu Y, Li X, Lin C, Ye X, Yang G, Liu M. Rapid PFOS mineralization with peroxydisulfate activation process mediated by N modified Fe-based catalyst. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115364. [PMID: 37586198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
As the cheap and efficient catalysts, the iron-based catalysts have been considered as one of the most promising catalysts for peroxydisulfate (PDS) activation and the development of high-performance iron-based catalysts are attracting growing attentions. In this work, a magnetic Fe-based catalysts (Fe/NC-1000) was obtained by using Fe modified ZIF-8 as the precursor and used to activate the PDS for the degradation of perfluorooctane sulphonate (PFOS). Morphology and structure analysis showed that the resulted Fe/NC-1000 catalyst was displayed porous spheres (40-60 nm) and mainly composed of Fe0, FeNx and carbon. When Fe/NC-1000 was employed to activate the PDS (0.1 g/L of catalyst dosage, 0.5 g/L of PDS dosage and at initial pH of 4.6), the Fe/NC-1000/PDS system exhibited excellent efficiency (97.9 ± 0.1) % for PFOS (10 mg/L) degradation within 30 min. The quenching tests and EPR results revealed that the Fe/NC-1000/PDS system degraded PFOS primarily through singlet oxygen (1O2) evolution and electron-transfer process. Besides, based on the degradation byproducts determined by LC-MS-MS, the PFOS first occurred de-sulfonation to form PFOA, and then the resulted PFOA underwent stepwise defluorination in the Fe/NC-1000/PDS system. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations and electrochemistry tests strongly confirmed that Fe/NC-1000 exhibited high electron transfer efficiency, resulting in promoted performance on activating PDS. Importantly, the results of Ecological Structure-Activity Relationship (ECOSAR) analysis showed that the intermediates were lowly toxic during the PFOS degradation, manifesting a green process for PFOS removal. This study would provide more understandings for the persulfate activation process mediated by Fe-based catalysts for Perfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) elimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Jiang
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yihui Hu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Zhendong Yu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Yuancai Lv
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China.
| | - Yifan Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Chunxiang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Xiaoxia Ye
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China.
| | - Minghua Liu
- Fujian Provincial Engineering Research Center of Rural Waste Recycling Technology, College of Environment & Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ecology-Toxicological Effects & Control for Emerging Contaminants, Putian University, Putian 351100, China
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Tahir K, Ali AS, Kim J, Park J, Lee S, Kim B, Lim Y, Kim G, Lee DS. Enhanced biodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid in a dual biocatalyzed microbial electrosynthesis system. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 328:138584. [PMID: 37019398 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The toxic perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) is widely spread in terrestrial and aquatic habitats owing to its resistance to conventional degradation processes. Advanced techniques to degrade PFOA requires drastic conditions with high energy cost. In this study, we investigated PFOA biodegradation in a simple dual biocatalyzed microbial electrosynthesis system (MES). Different PFOA loadings (1, 5, and 10 ppm) were tested and a biodegradation of 91% was observed within 120 h. Propionate production improved and short-carbon-chain PFOA intermediates were detected, which confirmed PFOA biodegradation. However, the current density decreased, indicating an inhibitory effect of PFOA. High-throughput biofilm analysis revealed that PFOA regulated the microbial flora. Microbial community analysis showed enrichment of the more resilient and PFOA adaptive microbes, including Methanosarcina and Petrimonas. Our study promotes the potential use of dual biocatalyzed MES system as an environment-friendly and inexpensive method to remediate PFOA and provides a new direction for bioremediation research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khurram Tahir
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Abdul Samee Ali
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinseob Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhui Park
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongju Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Bolam Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngsu Lim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyuhyeon Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Sung Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, 80 Daehak-ro, Buk-gu, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
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Liu Y, Lu MY, Bao J, Shao LX, Yu WJ, Hu XM, Zhao X. Periodically reversing electrocoagulation technique for efficient removal of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances from contaminated groundwater around a fluorochemical facility. CHEMOSPHERE 2023:138953. [PMID: 37196788 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Widespread distributions of short-chain perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been recognized as a crucial environmental issue. However, multiple treatment techniques were ineffective due to their high polarity and mobility, contributing to a never-ending existence in the aquatic environment ubiquitously. The present study revealed potential technique of periodically reversing electrocoagulation (PREC) to perform efficient removal of short-chain PFASs including experimental factors (in the conditions of 9 V for voltage, 600 r/min of stirring speed, 10 s of reversing period, and 2 g/L of NaCl electrolyte), orthogonal experiments, actual application, and removal mechanism. Accordingly, based upon the orthogonal experiments, the removal efficiencies of perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS) in simulated solution could achieve 81.0% with the optimal parameters of Fe-Fe electrode materials, addition of 665 μL H2O2 per 10 min, and pH at 3.0. The PREC was further applied for treating the actual groundwater around a fluorochemical facility, consequently the removal efficiencies for typical short-chain perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluoropentanoic acid (PFPeA), perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), PFBS, and perfluoropentane sulfonate (PFPeS) were 62.5%, 89.0%, 96.4%, 90.0%, and 97.5%, respectively. The other long-chain PFASs contaminants had superior removal with the removal efficiencies up to 97%-100%. In addition, a comprehensive removal mechanism related to electric attraction adsorption for short-chain PFASs could be verified through the morphological analysis of ultimate flocs composition. The oxidation degradation was further revealed as the other removal mechanism by suspect and nontarget screening of intermediates formed in simulated solution, as well as density functional theory (DFT) calculation theory. Moreover, the degradation pathways about one CF2O molecule or CO2 eliminated with one C atom removed in PFBS by ·OH generated from the PREC oxidation process were further proposed. As a result, the PREC would be a promising technique for the efficient removal of short-chain PFASs from severely contaminated water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Meng-Yuan Lu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Li-Xin Shao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Zeng S, Kan E. Escherichia coli inactivation in water by sulfate radical-based oxidation process using FeCl 3-activated biochar/persulfate system. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160561. [PMID: 36574557 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pathogenic microbes in water present great risks to environments, water resources, and human health. In the present study, for the first time, a FeCl3-activated bermudagrass-derived biochar (FA-BC) was applied to activate persulfate (PS) for E. coli inactivation. The PS activation was ascribed to the presence of Fe0 and Fe3O4 on the surface of FA-BC, and SO4·- radicals were proved to be the main role for E. coli inactivation using FA-BC activated PS system (FA-BC/PS). Decreasing the pH (5-9) and increasing the PS concentration (50-300 mg/L), reaction temperature (20-50 °C), and FA-BC dosage (100-500 mg/L) resulted in the enhancement of disinfection efficiency of E. coli using FA-BC/PS. 6.21 log reductions of E. coli were achieved within 20 min under the optimal conditions (500 mg/L FA-BC, 200 mg/L PS, pH 7, and 20 °C with 107 CFU/mL E. coli in DI water). The FA-BC/PS effectively eliminated various initial concentrations of E. coli (105-108 CFU/mL). The E. coli inactivation rate decreased from 0.1426 min-1 to 0.0883, 0.1268 min-1, and 0.1093 min-1 with the presence of 10 mg/L humic acid, 100 mg/L Cl-, and 100 mg/L HCO3-, respectively. In addition, after three cycles of disinfection tests using FA-BC/PS, the E. coli inactivation rate only slightly decreased from 0.1426 to 0.1288 min-1. The FA-BC/PS also effectively removed the E. coli in real stormwater with a 99.2 % inactivation efficiency within 180 min. The FA-BC/PS in fixed-bed column tests revealed the continuous and high inactivation of E. coli in water. Increasing the FA-BC amount (1.5 %-5 %) and PS concentration (50-200 mg/L) and decreasing the flow rate (2-4 mL/min) caused the lower E. coli concentration in effluent. Therefore, the FA-BC/PS can be considered as a promising and efficient technique for water disinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengquan Zeng
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA; Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA
| | - Eunsung Kan
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA; Department of Wildlife, and Natural Resources, Tarleton State University, TX 76401, USA; Texas A&M AgriLife Research Center, Texas A&M University, TX 77843, USA.
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5
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Marquínez-Marquínez AN, Loor-Molina NS, Quiroz-Fernández LS, Maddela NR, Luque R, Rodríguez-Díaz JM. Recent advances in the remediation of perfluoroalkylated and polyfluoroalkylated contaminated sites. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 219:115152. [PMID: 36572331 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are compounds used since 1940 in various formulations in the industrial and consumer sectors due to their high chemical and thermal stability. In recent years, PFASs have caused global concern due to their presence in different water and soil matrices, which threatens the environment and human health. These compounds have been reported to be linked to the development of serious human diseases, including but not limited to cancer. For this reason, PFASs have been considered as persistent organic compounds (COPs) and contaminants of emerging concern (CECs). Therefore, this work aims to present the advances in remediation of PFASs-contaminated soil and water by addressing the current literature. The performance and characteristics of each technique were addressed deeply in this work. The reviewed literature found that PFASs elimination studies in soil and water were carried out at a laboratory and pilot-scale in some cases. It was found that ball milling, chemical oxidation and thermal desorption are the most efficient techniques for the removal of PFASs in soils, however, phyto-microbial remediation is under study, which claims to be a promising technique. For the remediation of PFASs-contaminated water, the processes of electrocoagulation, membrane filtration, ozofractionation, catalysis, oxidation reactions - reduction, thermolysis and destructive treatments with plasma have presented the best results. It is noteworthy that hybrid treatments have also proved to be efficient techniques in the removal of these contaminants from soil and water matrices. Therefore, the improvisation and implication of existing techniques on a field-scale are greatly warranted to corroborate the yields obtained on a pilot- and laboratory-scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Noe Marquínez-Marquínez
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
| | - Nikolt Stephanie Loor-Molina
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
| | | | - Naga Raju Maddela
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Ciencias de La Salud, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, 130105, Ecuador.
| | - Rafael Luque
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Universidad de Cordoba, Edificio Marie Curie (C-3), Ctra Nnal IV-A, Km 396, E14014, Cordoba, Spain; Universidad ECOTEC, Km. 13.5 Samborondón, Samborondón, EC092302, Ecuador
| | - Joan Manuel Rodríguez-Díaz
- Departamento de Procesos Químicos, Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas, Físicas y Químicas, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Portoviejo, Ecuador; Laboratorio de Análisis Químicos y Biotecnológicos, Instituto de Investigación, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, S/N, Avenida Urbina y Che Guevara, Portoviejo, 130104, Ecuador.
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Gu S, Cui J, Liu F, Chen J. Biochar loaded with cobalt ferrate activated persulfate to degrade naphthalene. RSC Adv 2023; 13:5283-5292. [PMID: 36777931 PMCID: PMC9912118 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra08120b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Considering the simple preparation of biochar and the excellent activation performance of cobalt ferrate material, a biochar supported cobalt ferrate composite was synthesized by a solvothermal method. The material was used to activate persulfate (PS) to degrade naphthalene (NAP) in water. The structure and morphology characterization showed that the composite (CoFe2O4-BC) was successfully prepared. Under the conditions of 0.25 g L-1 CoFe2O4-BC and 1 mM PS, 90.6% NAP (the initial concentration was 0.1 mM) was degraded after 30 minutes. The degradation kinetics of NAP followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic model with a rate constant of 0.0645 min-1. With the increase of the dosage of activator and PS, the removal rate of NAP could be increased to 99.5%. The coexistence of anions and humic acids inhibited the removal of NAP. The acid environment promoted the removal of NAP while the alkaline environment inhibited it. After four cycles of CoFe2O4-BC material, the removal rate of NAP decreased from 90.6% to 79.4%. The removal of TOC was about 45% after each cycle. After the first cycle, the concentration of leached cobalt ion and leached iron ion was about 310 μg L-1 and 30 μg L-1 respectively. The free radical quenching experiments showed that SO4 -˙ and OH˙ were the main causes of NAP removal, and the possible degradation path of NAP was elucidated by DFT calculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaijie Gu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 PR China
| | - Jingying Cui
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 PR China
| | - Fangqin Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 PR China
| | - Jinyang Chen
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University 99 Shangda Road Shanghai 200444 PR China
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Zeng G, Zhong C, Wang X, He X, Pu E. Micellization Thermodynamics, Interfacial Behavior, Salt-resistance and Wettability Alteration of Gemini Hybrid Fluorinated Surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Liu Y, Shao LX, Yu WJ, Bao J, Li TY, Hu XM, Zhao X. Simultaneous removal of multiple PFAS from contaminated groundwater around a fluorochemical facility by the periodically reversing electrocoagulation technique. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 307:135874. [PMID: 35926750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing attentions have been paid on widespread contaminations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS). Particularly, simultaneous occurrence of multiple PFAS in the aquatic environments globally has been recognized as a crucial emerging issue. The present study aimed to perform simultaneous removal of multiple PFAS contaminations from groundwater around a fluorochemical facility based upon the technique of periodically reversing electrocoagulation (PREC). Accordingly, the experiments were implemented on the best conditions, actual application, and removal mechanism in the process of PREC with Al-Zn electrodes. Consequently, 1 mg/L synthetic solution of ten PFAS could be eliminated ideally during the initial 10 min, under the optimal conditions involving voltage at 12 V, pH at 7.0, and electrolyte with NaCl. The maximum removal rates of perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), perfluorobutane sulfonate (PFBS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) were 90.9%, 91.0%, 99.7%, and 100%, respectively. The PREC performed a significant improvement for the wide scope of PFAS removal with the levels ranging from 10 μg/L to 100 mg/L. In addition, the optimized PREC technique was further applied to remove various PFAS contaminations from the natural groundwater samples underneath the fluorochemical facility, subsequently generating the removal efficiencies in the range between 31.3% and 99.9%, showing the observable advantages compared with other removal techniques for the actual application. Finally, the mechanism of PFAS removal was mainly related to enmeshment and synergistic bridging adsorption, together with oxidation degradation that determined by potential formation of short-chain PFAS in the PREC process. As a result, the PREC technique would be a promising technique for the efficient removal of multiple PFAS contaminations simultaneously from natural water bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Li-Xin Shao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Wen-Jing Yu
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China; School of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jia Bao
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China.
| | - Ting-Yu Li
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, 110870, China
| | - Xiao-Min Hu
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China
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Song S, Zhang H, Han S, Xiao S, Du Y, Hu K, Wang H, Wu C. Activation of persulfate by a water falling film DBD process for the enhancement of enrofloxacin degradation. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 301:134667. [PMID: 35460676 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A synergetic system of water falling film dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma and persulfate (PS) was established and applied to enhance the enrofloxacin (EFA) degradation in this study. The simultaneous existence of electrons, reactive species, heat and UV-visible light in the DBD plasma system were utilized together to activate the PS to form SO4-· and other reactive oxygen species (ROS), and then worked in synergy with the DBD plasma to oxidize the EFA. The obtained results verified that there was a significant increase in the degradation percentages of EFA (20 mg L-1) in the DBD/PS system, and the trend was more obvious under the condition of larger discharge power input. When 0.8 mM PS was added into the DBD system with 0.8 kW discharge power, the degradation percentage of EFA could reach 99.35% after 60 min treatment, the corresponding synergetic factor (SF) was 7.94. Analysis of the O3 and the H2O2 concentrations in the DBD plasma system before and after the PS addition explained the activation of the PS by the HO·. The quenching experiments on reactive species suggested that SO4-·, HO·, and 1O2 were all important reactive species for EFA degradation. The intermediates formed by the EFA degradation were detected and the degradation pathways were speculated. Results of toxicity analysis illustrated that the toxicity of the initial EFA solution decreased after degradation in the synergetic system of DBD/PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Song
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huihui Zhang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Song Han
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Sisi Xiao
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Yansheng Du
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China
| | - Kun Hu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | - Huijuan Wang
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China.
| | - Chundu Wu
- School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, Suzhou, 215009, China
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10
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Chen Z, Chen W, Liao G, Li X, Wang J, Tang Y, Li L. Flexible construct of N vacancies and hydrophobic sites on g-C 3N 4 by F doping and their contribution to PFOA degradation in photocatalytic ozonation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 428:128222. [PMID: 35032960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
N vacancies, hydrophobic sites and electron rich zone were simply regulated by doping F into g-C3N4 (CN) to accelerate photocatalytic ozonation of PFOA. Activity of F-CN was superior to that of CN, with 74.3% PFOA removal by F-CN/Vis/O3 but only 57.1% by CN/Vis/O3. Experimental results and theory simulations suggested that the photogenerated hole (hvb+) oxidation with the help of N vacancies was vital for PFOA degradation. N vacancies on both CN and F-CN would trap O atom of PFOA and seize electron from α -CF2 group, which made PFOA more easily to be oxidized. Doping of F narrowed band gap, lowered the valence band position and enhanced the oxidation potential of hvb+. The hydrophobic sites would accelerate the mass transfer of O3 and PFOA, enhance O3's single electron reduction with ecb- to generate hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and reduce the recombination of hvb+-ecb-. Under the joint function of hvb+, N vacancies and •OH, PFOA degradation in F-CN/Vis/O3 proceeded through the gradually shortening of perfluoroalky chain and loss of CF2 unit. The acute and chronic toxicity of generated short-chain perfluorocarboxylic acid toward fish, green algae daphnid were predicted by ECOSAR. And the toxicity change of solutions was examined by luminescent bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zesen Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weirui Chen
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Gaozu Liao
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xukai Li
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yiming Tang
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Laisheng Li
- School of Environment, South China Normal University, Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, Ministry of Education, Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Drinking Water Safety, Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Functional Materials for Environmental Protection, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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PFAS Molecules: A Major Concern for the Human Health and the Environment. TOXICS 2022; 10:toxics10020044. [PMID: 35202231 PMCID: PMC8878656 DOI: 10.3390/toxics10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of over 4700 heterogeneous compounds with amphipathic properties and exceptional stability to chemical and thermal degradation. The unique properties of PFAS compounds has been exploited for almost 60 years and has largely contributed to their wide applicability over a vast range of industrial, professional and non-professional uses. However, increasing evidence indicate that these compounds represent also a serious concern for both wildlife and human health as a result of their ubiquitous distribution, their extreme persistence and their bioaccumulative potential. In light of the adverse effects that have been already documented in biota and human populations or that might occur in absence of prompt interventions, the competent authorities in matter of health and environment protection, the industries as well as scientists are cooperating to identify the most appropriate regulatory measures, substitution plans and remediation technologies to mitigate PFAS impacts. In this review, starting from PFAS chemistry, uses and environmental fate, we summarize the current knowledge on PFAS occurrence in different environmental media and their effects on living organisms, with a particular emphasis on humans. Also, we describe present and provisional legislative measures in the European Union framework strategy to regulate PFAS manufacture, import and use as well as some of the most promising treatment technologies designed to remediate PFAS contamination in different environmental compartments.
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Light-Induced Advanced Oxidation Processes as PFAS Remediation Methods: A Review. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11188458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PFAS substances, which have been under investigation in recent years, are certainly some of the most critical emerging contaminants. Their presence in drinking water, correlated with diseases, is consistently being confirmed by scientific studies in the academic and health sectors. With the aim of developing new technologies to mitigate the water contamination problem, research activity based on advanced oxidation processes for PFAS dealkylation and subsequent mineralization is active. While UV radiation could be directly employed for decontamination, there are nevertheless considerable problems regarding its use, even from a large-scale perspective. In contrast, the use of cheap, robust, and green photocatalytic materials active under near UV-visible radiation shows interesting prospects. In this paper we take stock of the health problems related to PFAS, and then provide an update on strategies based on the use of photocatalysts and the latest findings regarding reaction mechanisms. Finally, we detail some brief considerations in relation to the economic aspects of possible solutions.
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