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Park EJ, Jannasch P, Miyatake K, Bae C, Noonan K, Fujimoto C, Holdcroft S, Varcoe JR, Henkensmeier D, Guiver MD, Kim YS. Aryl ether-free polymer electrolytes for electrochemical and energy devices. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:5704-5780. [PMID: 38666439 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00186e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Anion exchange polymers (AEPs) play a crucial role in green hydrogen production through anion exchange membrane water electrolysis. The chemical stability of AEPs is paramount for stable system operation in electrolysers and other electrochemical devices. Given the instability of aryl ether-containing AEPs under high pH conditions, recent research has focused on quaternized aryl ether-free variants. The primary goal of this review is to provide a greater depth of knowledge on the synthesis of aryl ether-free AEPs targeted for electrochemical devices. Synthetic pathways that yield polyaromatic AEPs include acid-catalysed polyhydroxyalkylation, metal-promoted coupling reactions, ionene synthesis via nucleophilic substitution, alkylation of polybenzimidazole, and Diels-Alder polymerization. Polyolefinic AEPs are prepared through addition polymerization, ring-opening metathesis, radiation grafting reactions, and anionic polymerization. Discussions cover structure-property-performance relationships of AEPs in fuel cells, redox flow batteries, and water and CO2 electrolysers, along with the current status of scale-up synthesis and commercialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Joo Park
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
| | | | - Kenji Miyatake
- University of Yamanashi, Kofu 400-8510, Japan
- Waseda University, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Chulsung Bae
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Kevin Noonan
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Cy Fujimoto
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, NM 87123, USA
| | | | | | - Dirk Henkensmeier
- Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
- KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Seoul 02792, South Korea
- KU-KIST School, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea
| | - Michael D Guiver
- State Key Laboratory of Engines, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.
| | - Yu Seung Kim
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA.
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Xue Y, Cheng W, Cao M, Gao J, Chen J, Gui Y, Zhu W, Ma F. Development of nitric acid-modified activated carbon electrode for removal of Co 2+/Mn 2+/Ni 2+ by electrosorption. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:77536-77552. [PMID: 35680747 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21272-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, nitric acid-modified activated carbon was used as an electrode in the electrosorption process for the removal of Co2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ from wastewater. The effects of applied voltage, initial pH, and coexisting ions on removal efficiency were investigated. The adsorption process was evaluated by adsorption isotherm models. The results indicated that the electrosorption process was consistent with the Langmuir model, proving that the electrosorption process was a monolayer adsorption process. The maximum adsorption capacities of Co2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ were 131.58 mg/g, 102.04 mg/g, and 103.09 mg/g. Electrochemical tests revealed that the specific capacitance of AC-HNO3 was 54.11 F/g when the scanning rate was 5 mV/s, while the specific capacitance of AC was 36.51 F/g. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed that the content of oxygen groups on the surface of activated carbon increased after modification, which provided more adsorption sites for electrosorption. When the selected concentration of HCl was used as the eluent, the elution efficiency of Co2+, Mn2+, and Ni2+ could reach 94.23%, 93.65%, and 90.61%. The removal efficiency could reach more than 95% after three cycles. The results of the study can be used as a reference significance for the removal of cobalt, manganese, and nickel ions from heavy metal wastewater by electrosorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Xue
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanting Cheng
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Cao
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianzhang Gao
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaqi Chen
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunyang Gui
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenmin Zhu
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuqiu Ma
- Yantai Research Institute, Harbin Engineering University, Yantai, 264006, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
- College of Nuclear Science and Technology, Harbin Engineering University, Harbin, 150001, People's Republic of China.
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Rathi BS, Kumar PS, Parthiban R. A review on recent advances in electrodeionization for various environmental applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 289:133223. [PMID: 34896170 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The growing contamination of ecosystems necessitates the development of long-term pollution-removal technologies. Electrodeionization, in notably, has newly proven as an efficient method for removing ionic chemicals from polluted waterways. The fact that continuous electrodeionization is a greener technique is most probably the biggest cause for its success. It replaces the toxic chemicals typically required to replenish resins with electric power, therefore eliminating the wastewater involved with resin renewal. In water treatment, electrodeionization solves some of the drawbacks of ion exchange resin beds, particularly ion dumping as beds expire. This comprehensive review explores the theory, principles, and mechanisms of ion movement and separation in an electrodeionization unit. Also, it investigated the construction and usage, notably in removing heavy metal and its current developments in electrodeionization unit. Recent advances in Electrodeionization like polarity reversal, Resin wafer Electrodeionization, membrane free Electrodeionization, and electrostatic shielding with novel materials and hybrid process along with Electrodeionization were addressed. Further advancements are expected in electrodeionization systems that exhibit better efficacy while running at lower costs due to decreased energy usage, rendering them appealing for industrial scale up across a wide range of applications across the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Senthil Rathi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, Chennai, 600119, India
| | - P Senthil Kumar
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India.
| | - R Parthiban
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India; Centre of Excellence in Water Research (CEWAR), Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Chennai, 603110, India
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Study on Adsorption Behavior of Nickel Ions Using Silica-Based Sandwich Layered Zirconium-Titanium Phosphate Prepared by Layer-by-Layer Grafting Method. NANOMATERIALS 2021; 11:nano11092314. [PMID: 34578628 PMCID: PMC8464662 DOI: 10.3390/nano11092314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the composite of silica-based sandwich-layered zirconium-titanium phosphate was prepared by a layer-by-layer grafting method and its adsorption properties in a diluted solution of Ni ions were specifically researched by the bath experiment method. The field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) results presented the smooth surface morphology of the pristine adsorbent and a rough surface morphology of the adsorbed adsorbent and the energy dispersive analysis (EDS) results ensured the presence of the original metal element (Si, O, Ti, P, Zr) and the captured nickel element on the adsorbent. The Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the new band formation of -Si-Ti-O-, -Si-Ti-O-P-, and -Si-Ti-O-P-Zr-O-, which ensured the successful modification of the silica substrate by zirconium-titanium phosphate. The specific surface area and pore size distribution analysis indicated that the pore structure was changed from type-Ⅳ to H2-type and the specific surface area (BET) of the modified composite was 337.881 m2/g. In the bath experiment, the optimal pH for adsorbing Ni ions on the composite was ~8 with the equilibrium time 30 min at room temperature and the maximum sorption amount was 50.1 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics of the sorption process were corresponded to the pseudo-second-order kinetic equation and the isothermal adsorption data were fitted well to the Redlich-Peterson Model. Thermodynamic simulation results revealed the species of Ni ions and provided a reasonable pH scope for better removal of the Ni element in wastewater.
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