Key particle properties of shells for cadmium chemisorption

Performance and mechanism of graphene oxide removal from aqueous solutions by calcite: adsorption isotherms, thermodynamics, and kinetics

The flow of graphene oxide (GO) into natural water systems can adversely affect water environments and ecosystems. In this study, the adsorption effect of calcite on GO under different conditions was studied using calcite as adsorbent. Meanwhile, characterized by a combination of microscopic experiments, including SEM, TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, and AFM, additional research on the performance and the mechanism of GO sorption by calcite was conducted. The findings indicated that the highest adsorption efficiency was observed at a temperature of 303 K, pH 3, a mass of 90 mg of calcite, with an initial concentration of 60 mg L-1 GO, resulting in a 95% adsorption rate. The adsorption isotherm conformed to the model of Langmuir and Temkin, and it is a heat absorption process dominated by monolayer adsorption. The thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and heat-absorbing. The adsorption kinetics conformed to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the sorption procedure is chemisorption. In conclusion, calcite has a good sorption capacity for GO, which can provide a reference for the removal of GO in the aqueous environment.

Difference in cadmium chemisorption on calcite and vaterite porous particles

Cadmium is adsorbed on calcium carbonate via chemisorption. All calcium carbonate polymorphs generate otavite (cadmium carbonate), indicating that the crystallographic differences in calcium carbonate should affect the chemisorption equilibrium and kinetics. This study investigates the influences of the polymorph and specific surface area on cadmium adsorption. Here, we synthesise two polymorphs of porous calcium carbonate: calcite and vaterite with a wide range of specific surface areas. Then the equilibrium of cadmium adsorption is evaluated using adsorption isotherm models. Based on the Langmuir model with linear regression analysis, the maximum adsorptions of porous calcite and vaterite particles are 287.8 mg/g and 883.5 mg/g, respectively. The kinetics of cadmium chemisorption show clear differences between polymorphs. The calculated rate constant of the porous calcite particles using a pseudo-second-order reaction and Elovich models are two orders larger than that of porous vaterite particles. Although the adsorbed amount is superior for porous vaterite particles, porous calcite particles exhibit a faster reaction and relatively high adsorbed capacity for cadmium ions.