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Ye T, Gou L, Wang Y, Liu N, Dai L, Wang Y. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of pretreated sludge and polyethylene terephthalate for the preparation of low-nitrogen clean solid fuels. RSC Adv 2024; 14:17326-17337. [PMID: 38813125 PMCID: PMC11134525 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra02165g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
In this work, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and sewage sludge (SS) were co-hydrothermally carbonized to produce low-nitrogen solid fuels. To minimize the effect of nitrogen, this work introduces a co-hydrothermal carbonization method involving alkali (A), ultrasonic cell disruptor (UCC), and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) for both individual and combined pretreatment of SS and PET. Comparative analysis of the products shows that the combined pretreatment with sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and alkali (A) effectively disrupts the SS cell structure, leading to the loosening of stable extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This condition is conducive to the release and hydrolysis of proteins during hydrothermal carbonization. Moreover, under conditions where PET serves both as an acid producer and a carbon source, and through parameter optimization at a temperature of 240 °C, reaction time of 2 h, PET addition of 20 wt%, and water addition of 0.6 g cm-3, a high-quality, low-nitrogen clean solid fuel was produced (N: 0.51 wt%, C: 19.10 wt%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Le Gou
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Nan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Liyi Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Molecular & Process Engineering, East China Normal University No. 500 Dongchuan Road Shanghai 200241 P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, East China Normal University Shanghai 200062 P. R. China
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Wang Z, Huang J, Wang J, Hu Z, Xu M, Qiao Y. Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and food waste for hydrochar valorization: Effect of mutual interaction on sulfur transformation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 905:167318. [PMID: 37742985 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and food waste is a promising method for hydrochar valorization. The sulfur content and form of hydrochar are the key parameters that determine its further utilization. However, the effect of the chemical composition of food waste on sulfur redistribution remains unknown. Herein, the sulfur transformation behavior during the co-hydrothermal carbonization of sludge and model compounds (cellulose, starch, xylan, and palmitic acid) of food waste was investigated, with focus on the detailed reaction pathways from inorganic-S/organic-S media in aqueous to hydrochar. The added model compounds, particularly the starch and xylan, increased the sulfur retention ratio from 41.0 to 44.7- 49.2 % in hydrochar. Among them, starch and xylan can react with aliphatic-S in aqueous via cyclization and oxidization to form the thiophene-S/aromatic-S and sulfone-S and can react with SO42--S to form sulfone-S via sulfonate reaction. These formed organic-S can polymerize with hydrolyzed intermediates (i.e., 5 hydroxymethyl-furfural, glucose, and xylose) from model compounds to transform into hydrochar. Cellulose enhanced the formation of sulfone-S in hydrochar via the reactions between the water-insoluble partial hydrolysate and SO42- in the aqueous. Additionally, palmitic acid hydrolysate provided an acidic environment that facilitated the polymerization of thiophene-S/aromatic-S from aqueous to hydrochar. Generally, the chemical composition of food waste largely affects the redistribution behavior of sulfur during co-hydrothermal carbonization, and this occurs primarily due to the differences in the hydrolysate and degree of hydrolysis for various model compounds. The results can provide guidance for preparing sludge-based hydrochar possessing different sulfur content and species, that can be used as clean fuel or carbon material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jingchun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Junwen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Zhen Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Minghou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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Djandja OS, Liew RK, Liu C, Liang J, Yuan H, He W, Feng Y, Lougou BG, Duan PG, Lu X, Kang S. Catalytic hydrothermal carbonization of wet organic solid waste: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 873:162119. [PMID: 36773913 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.162119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrothermal carbonization has gained attention in converting wet organic solid waste into hydrochar with many applications such as solid fuel, energy storage material precursor, fertilizer or soil conditioner. Recently, various catalysts such as organic and inorganic catalysts are employed to guide the properties of the hydrochar. This review presents a summarize and a critical discussion on types of catalysts, process parameters and catalytic mechanisms. The catalytic impact of carboxylic acids is related to their acidity level and the number of carboxylic groups. The catalysis level with strong mineral acids is likely related to the number of hydronium ions liberated from their hydrolysis. The impact of inorganic salts is determined by the Lewis acidity of the cation. The metallic ions in metallic salts may incorporate into the hydrochar and increase the ash of the hydrochar. The selection of catalysts for various applications of hydrochars and the environmental and the techno-economic aspects of the process are also presented. Although some catalysts might enhance the characteristics of hydrochar for various applications, these catalysts may also result in considerable carbon loss, particularly in the case of organic acid catalysts, which may potentially ruin the overall advantage of the process. Overall, depending on the expected application of the hydrochar, the type of catalyst and the amount of catalyst loading requires careful consideration. Some recommendations are made for future investigations to improve laboratory-scale process comprehension and understanding of pathways as well as to encourage widespread industrial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oraléou Sangué Djandja
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), Off Kamiti Road, P. O. Box 25305000100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Rock Keey Liew
- Pyrolysis Technology Research Group, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; NV WESTERN PLT, No. 208B, Second Floor, Macalister Road, 10400 Georgetown, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chang Liu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Jianhao Liang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Haojun Yuan
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Weixin He
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Yifei Feng
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China
| | - Bachirou Guene Lougou
- School of Energy Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, 92 West Dazhi Street, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Pei-Gao Duan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Energy Chemical Process Intensification, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, PR China
| | - Xuebin Lu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, PR China
| | - Shimin Kang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Distributed Energy Systems, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, China.
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Tan Y, Xu ZX, Ma XQ, Wu SY, Zhang B, Luque R. Sulfite enhancing nitrogen removal from sewage sludge during hydrothermal carbonization. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2023.113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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