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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Lee HS. Confirmation of the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine disrupting potential of fenvalerate following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development test guidelines, and its estrogen receptor α-dependent effects on lipid accumulation. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 283:109955. [PMID: 38844189 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we focused on confirming the steroid hormone receptor-mediated endocrine-disrupting potential of the pyrethroid insecticide fenvalerate and unraveling the underlying mechanisms. Therefore, we assessed estrogen receptor-α (ERα)- and androgen receptor (AR)-mediated responses in vitro using a hormone response element-dependent transcription activation assay with a luciferase reporter following the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) test guidelines. We observed that fenvalerate acted as estrogen by inducing the translocation of cytosolic ERα to the nucleus via ERα dimerization, whereas it exhibited no AR-mediated androgen response element-dependent luciferase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed that fenvalerate-induced activation of ERα caused lipid accumulation, promoted in a fenvalerate-dependent manner in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, fenvalerate-induced lipid accumulation was inhibited in the presence of an ERα-selective antagonist, whereas it remained unaffected in the presence of a glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-specific inhibitor. In addition, fenvalerate was found to stimulate the expression of transcription factors that promote lipid accumulation in 3 T1-L1 adipocytes, and co-treatment with an ERα-selective antagonist suppressed adipogenic/ lipogenic transcription factors at both mRNA and protein levels. These findings suggest that fenvalerate exposure may lead to lipid accumulation by interfering with ERα activation-dependent processes, thus causing an ERα-mediated endocrine-disrupting effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Chen CC, Liu CC, Wang YH, Wu CF, Tsai YC, Li SS, Hsieh TJ, Wu MT. Benchmark Dose of Melamine Exposure for a Renal Injury Marker Mediated by Oxidative Stress: Examples in Patients with Urolithiasis and Occupational Workers. TOXICS 2024; 12:584. [PMID: 39195686 PMCID: PMC11359403 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12080584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
Establishing a safe exposure level from epidemiological studies while providing direct hazard characterization in humans often faces uncertainty in causality, especially cross-sectional data. With advances in molecular epidemiology, it is reasonable to integrate identified intermediate biomarkers into health risk assessment. In this study, by considering the mediation of the oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde (MDA), we explored the exposure threshold of melamine on the early renal injury marker N-acetyl-β-D glucosaminidase (NAG). The benchmark dose (BMD) was derived from model averaging of the composite direct effect of melamine exposure and the indirect effect through the mediation of MDA on NAG levels. As illustrative examples, we analyzed 309 adult patients with calcium urolithiasis and 80 occupational workers for the corresponding exposure thresholds. The derived threshold was subpopulation-dependent, with the one-sided lower bound BMDL10 for the patients with urolithiasis with (without) the mediator MDA for the patients with kidney stones and the occupational workers being 0.88 (0.96) μg/kg_bw/day and 22.82 (18.09) μg/kg_bw/day, respectively. The derived threshold levels, considering the oxidative stress marker MDA, were consistent with those without adjusting for the mediation effect. However, the study outcomes were further supported by the suggested mechanism pathway. The threshold for the patients with urolithiasis was up to two orders lower than the current tolerable daily intake level of 200 μg/kg_bw/day recommended by the WHO (EFSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Chih Chen
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan;
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
| | - Chia-Chu Liu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
- Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Urology, Pingtung Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Pingtung City 90054, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Han Wang
- Institute of Population Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, 35 Keyan Road, Miaoli 350401, Taiwan;
| | - Chia-Fang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
- International Master Program of Translational Medicine, National United University, Miaoli 360301, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Tsai
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Syuan Li
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
| | - Tusty-Jiuan Hsieh
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, College of Marine Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804201, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsang Wu
- Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Room 721, CS Research Building, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan; (C.-C.L.); (C.-F.W.); (Y.-C.T.); (S.-S.L.); (T.-J.H.)
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807378, Taiwan
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Jeong DH, Jung DW, Kim JW, Lee HS. Beauvericin, produced by Fusarium oxysporum inhibits bisphenol A-induced proliferation of human breast cancer cell line by regulating ERα/p38 pathway. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 239:106483. [PMID: 38369033 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2024.106483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Beauvericin (BEA) is a cyclic depsipeptide secondary metabolite of Fusarium species. It causes chemical hazards in food products and exists in an environment containing soil and various food types. On the other hand, the purified BEA has various biological activities and is regarded as a potential candidate for pharmaceutical research. This study was performed to assess the anti-proliferation activity of BEA against human breast cancer cells by regulating the estrogen receptor-alpha (ERα)/p38 pathway. TA and BA assays verified that BEA is a completed ER antagonist. Additionally, BEA suppressed cell proliferation in the anti-proliferation assay involving ER-positive human breast cancer cells co-treated with BPA and BEA. In respect to an anti-proliferation activity, the BPA-induced phosphorylation of p38 protein was inhibited in the presence of BEA. These results suggested that BEA exerts inhibitory potentials on endocrine disrupting effect and possibly acts as a natural therapeutic material for human estrogen hormonal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Hyun Jeong
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Woon Jung
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Kim
- Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- GreenTech-based Food Safety Research Group, BK21 Four, Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Kim JY, Park Y, Lee SH, Park E, Lee H. Comparative study on estrogen receptor alpha dimerization and transcriptional activity of parabens. Toxicol Res 2024; 40:153-161. [PMID: 38223674 PMCID: PMC10786792 DOI: 10.1007/s43188-023-00212-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Parabens are used as preservatives in various household products, including oral products, cosmetics, and hair/body washes. In recent years, the widespread use of parabens has raised concerns due to the potential health risks associated with their estrogenic effects. In the present study, we evaluated and compared the estrogenic activity of parabens using two cell-based in vitro tests: (1) bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) dimerization using HEK293 cells that were stably transfected with ERα-fused NanoLuc luciferase (Nluc) and HaloTag (HT) expression vector, and (2) stably transfected transcriptional activation (STTA) assays using ERα-HeLa9903 cells. The following parabens were tested using the BRET-based ERα dimerization assay and showed estrogenic activity (PC20 values): methyl paraben (MP, 5.98 × 10-5 M), ethyl paraben (EP, 3.29 × 10-5 M), propylparaben (PP, 3.09 × 10-5 M), butyl paraben (BP, 2.58 × 10-5 M), isopropyl paraben (IsoPP, 1.37 × 10-5 M), and isobutyl paraben (IsoBP, 1.43 × 10-5 M). Except MP, all other parabens tested using the STTA assay also showed estrogenic activity: EP, 7.57 × 10-6 M; PP, 1.18 × 10-6 M; BP, 3.02 × 10-7 M; IsoPP, 3.58 × 10-7 M; and IsoBP, 1.80 × 10-7 M. Overall, EP, PP, BP, IsoPP, and IsoBP tested positive for estrogenic activity using both assays. These findings demonstrate that most parabens, albeit not all, induce ERα dimerization and possess estrogenic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Yeon Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326 Republic of Korea
| | - Eun‐Jung Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‐do 13120 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
| | - Hae‐Jeung Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Gachon University, Seongnam, Gyeonggi‐do 13120 Republic of Korea
- Institute for Aging and Clinical Nutrition Research, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120 Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, GAIHST, Gachon University, Incheon, 21999 Republic of Korea
- Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Incheon, 21565 Republic of Korea
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Seo H, Ahn YJ, Seo H, Seo A, Lee H, Lee SH, Shon WJ, Park Y. Comprehensive assessment of the estrogenic activity of resin composites. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 343:140104. [PMID: 37696476 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Resin-based dental composites have been developed to restore decayed teeth or modify tooth color due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. Such composites may have intrinsic toxicity due to components released into the mouth during the early stage of polymerization, and afterward as a result of erosion or material decomposition. In addition, resin-based dental composites have potential environmental pollutant by elution of monomers and degradation. Since certain monomers of resin matrices are synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), which acts as an estrogenic endocrine disruptor, these resin matrices may have estrogenic activity. Therefore, the estrogenic endocrine-disrupting activity of various dental composites should be evaluated. In this study, we evaluated the estrogenic endocrine-disrupting activity of 10 resin composites by using a BRET-based estrogen receptor (ER)α and ERβ dimerization assays and ER transactivation assay. BPA, BisDMA, BisGMA, BisEMA, TEGDMA, HMBP, and DMPA mediated ERα dimerization, and BPA, BisDMA, and DMPA also mediated ERβ dimerization. Except for UDMA and CQ, all the compounds were identified as estrogen agonists or antagonists. In-depth information for the safe use of dental composites was acquired, and it was confirmed how the component of dental composites acts in the ER signaling pathway. Further studies on the low-dose and long-term release of these compounds are needed to ensure the safe use of these resin-based dental composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yu-Jin Ahn
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Ahreum Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Hayeon Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Medical Products Regulatory Policy, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jun Shon
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Dental Research Institute and School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea; Department of Food and Medical Products Regulatory Policy, Dongguk University, Seoul, 04620, Republic of Korea.
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Jung DW, Jeong DH, Lee HS. Azole pesticide products and their hepatic metabolites cause endocrine disrupting potential by suppressing the homo-dimerization of human estrogen receptor alpha. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 318:120894. [PMID: 36549450 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We selected azole pesticides products that are managed by setting maximum residue limits (MRLs) in the Republic of Korea and describe the estrogen receptor (ER) α-related negative effect to endocrine system using in vitro Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development performance-based test guideline. No azoles were found to be an ERα agonist. Conversely, three azoles (bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad) were determined to be ERα antagonists. In addition, the ERα antagonistic activities of bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad were not significantly perturbed in the existence of phase I (hydroxylation, dealkylation, oxidation or reduction) and phase II (conjugation). Regarding the mechanism underlying their ERα-mediated endocrine disrupting potentials, ERα proteins cannot be translocated to the nucleus by suppressing the dimerization of ERα in the cytoplasm by bitertanol, cafenstrole, and tebufenpyrad. These data indicated that azole pesticide products show the capability to interfere the ERα-related human endocrine system. Furthermore, we identified the mechanism of ERα-mediated endocrine disrupting by azole insecticide products through this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Da-Woon Jung
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Jeong
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seok Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea; Department of Food Safety and Regulatory Science, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, 17546, Republic of Korea.
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Seo H, Seo H, Byrd N, Kim H, Lee KG, Lee SH, Park Y. Human cell-based estrogen receptor beta dimerization assay. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 369:110264. [PMID: 36402211 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2022.110264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen is not only responsible for important functions in the human body, such as cell growth, reproduction, differentiation, and development, but it is also deeply related to pathological processes, such as cancer, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegeneration. Estrogens and other estrogenic compounds have transcriptional activities through binding with the estrogen receptor (ER) to induce ER dimerization. The two estrogen receptor subtypes, estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and estrogen receptor beta (ERβ), show structural differences and have different expression ratios in specific cells and tissues. Currently, the methods for confirming the estrogenic properties of compounds are the binding (Test guideline no. 493) and transactivation (Test guideline no. 455) assays provided by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). In a previous study, we developed an ERα dimerization assay based on the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) system, but there are currently no available tests that can confirm the effect of estrogenic compounds on ERβ. Therefore, in this study, we developed a BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay to confirm the estrogenic prosperities of compounds. The BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay was verified using nine representative ER ligands and the results were compared with the dimerization activity of ERα. In conclusion, our BRET-based ERβ dimerization assay can provide information on the ERβ dimerization potential of estrogenic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeyeong Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Huiwon Seo
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Nick Byrd
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Campden BRI, Chipping Campden, GL55 6LD, UK
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang-Geun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok-Hee Lee
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Yooheon Park
- Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Dongguk University, Goyang, 10326, Republic of Korea.
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