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Park Y, Noda I, Jung YM. Diverse Applications of Two-Dimensional Correlation Spectroscopy (2D-COS). APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2024:37028241256397. [PMID: 38835153 DOI: 10.1177/00037028241256397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
This second of the two-part series of a comprehensive survey review provides the diverse applications of two-dimensional correlation spectroscopy (2D-COS) covering different probes, perturbations, and systems in the last two years. Infrared spectroscopy has maintained its top popularity in 2D-COS over the past two years. Fluorescence spectroscopy is the second most frequently used analytical method, which has been heavily applied to the analysis of heavy metal binding, environmental, and solution systems. Various other analytical methods including laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, dynamic mechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, capillary electrophoresis, seismologic, and so on, have also been reported. In the last two years, concentration, composition, and pH are the main effects of perturbation used in the 2D-COS fields, as well as temperature. Environmental science is especially heavily studied using 2D-COS. This comprehensive survey review shows that 2D-COS undergoes continuous evolution and growth, marked by novel developments and successful applications across diverse scientific fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonju Park
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, and Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Isao Noda
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Young Mee Jung
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Molecular Science and Fusion Technology, and Kangwon Radiation Convergence Research Support Center, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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2
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Cheng Y, Lu C, Gao S, Koju R, Li H, Zhu Z, Hu C, Qu J. Synchronous in-situ sludge reduction and enhanced denitrification through improving electron transfer during endogenous metabolisms with Fe(Ⅱ) addition. WATER RESEARCH 2024; 255:121472. [PMID: 38552492 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
The creation of large amounts of excess sludge and residual nitrogen are critical issues in wastewater biotreatment. This study introduced Fe(II) into an oligotrophic anaerobic reactor (OARFe) that was implemented to modify an anoxic-oxic process to motivate in-situ sludge reduction and enhance denitrification under an effective electron shuttle among organic matter, nitrogen, and Fe. The addition of 15 mg L-1 Fe(II) resulted in a sludge reduction efficiency reached 32.0% with a decreased effluent nitrate concentration of 33.3%. This was mostly attributed to the electron transfer from Fe(II) to organic matters and nitrogen species in OARFe. The participation of Fe(II) led to the upregulation of Geothrix and Terrimonas, which caused active organic matter hydrolysis and cell lysis to stimulate the release of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and substance transfer between each layer of EPS. The higher utilization of released bioavailable dissolved organic matter improved endogenous denitrification, which can be combined with iron autotrophic denitrification to realize multiple electron donor-based nitrogen removal pathways, resulting in an increased nitrate removal rate of 58.2% in the absence of external carbon sources. These functional bacteria associated with the transformation of nitrogen and carbon and cycling between ferrous and ferric ions were enriched in OARFe, which contributed to efficient electron transport occurred both inside and outside the cell and increased 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride electronic transport system activity by 46.9%. This contributed to the potential operational costs of chemical addition and sludge disposal of Fe-AO being 1.9 times lower than those of conventional A2O processes. These results imply that the addition of ferrous ions to an oligotrophic anaerobic zone for wastewater treatment has the potential for low-cost pollution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China; Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Chenghai Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Shujia Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Rashmi Koju
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Centre for Urban Environmental Remediation, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 102616, China
| | - Zongqiang Zhu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Jiangan Road 12, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China.
| | - Chengzhi Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Jiuhui Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Aquatic Chemistry, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Cosenza A, Di Trapani D, Bosco Mofatto PM, Mannina G. Sewage sludge minimisation by OSA-MBR: A pilot plant experiment. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 347:140695. [PMID: 37977537 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
This study presents the excess sludge minimisation in a Membrane Bioreactor (MBR) system by an Oxic Settling Anaerobic (OSA) process. The pilot plant was fed with real wastewater and OSA was operated with two different hydraulic retention times (HRT), respectively 4 (Period II) and 6 h (Period III) and compared to an MBR (Period I). Multiple parameters/variables were monitored: sludge minimisation, nitrogen and carbon removal, membrane fouling, and biokinetic behaviour through respirometry. With respect to the current literature, greenhouse gas emissions were also here monitored, often neglected. Results demonstrated that combining MBR and OSA systems can significantly reduce excess sludge production (89.7%, in Period III and 59.7% in Period II, compared to Period I). However, Period III presented better PO4-P removal efficiencies but worse performances in the other parameters (COD, NH4 and Total Nitrogen). No substantial variation in membrane fouling was obtained over the experimental periods. Finally, the HRT increase in the anaerobic reactor promoted a N2O-N increase inside the unaerated reactors, highlighting the need for a trade-off between sludge minimisation and GHG emission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alida Cosenza
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Mannina
- Engineering Department, Palermo University, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
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Peng SM, Luo HC, Wang ZH, Yang SS, Guo WQ, Ren NQ. Enhanced in-situ sludge reduction of the side-stream process via employing micro-aerobic approach in both mainstream and side-stream. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 377:128914. [PMID: 36940881 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Side-stream reactor (SSR), as an in-situ sludge reduction process with high sludge reduction efficiency (SRE) and less negative impact on effluent, has been widely researched. In order to reduce cost and promote large-scale application, the anaerobic/anoxic/micro-aerobic/oxic bioreactor coupled with micro-aerobic SSR (AAMOM) was used to investigate nutrient removal and SRE under short hydraulic retention time (HRT) of SSR. When HRT of SSR was 4 h, AAMOM system achieved 30.41% SRE, while maintaining carbon and nitrogen removal efficiency. Micro-aerobic in mainstream accelerated the hydrolysis of particulate organic matter (POM) and promoted denitrification. Micro-aerobic in side-stream increased cell lysis and ATP dissipation, thus increasing SRE. Microbial community structure indicated that the cooperative interactions among hydrolytic, slow growing, predatory and fermentation bacteria played key roles in improving SRE. This study confirmed that SSR coupled micro-aerobic was a promising and practical process, which could benefit nitrogen removal and sludge reduction in municipal wastewater treatment plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Mai Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hai-Chao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Zi-Han Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Shan-Shan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Wan-Qian Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Nan-Qi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China.
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Wang Y, Wang H, Chen H. Response of aerobic activated sludge to edible oil exposure: Extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) characteristics and microbial community. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 335:117571. [PMID: 36871358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aerobic activated sludge is widely used to degrade edible oil wastewater in wastewater treatment plants. During this process, the observed poor organics removal performance might be caused by poor sludge settling performance, which might be influenced by extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and the structure of the microbial community. However, this hypothesis was not confirmed. Thus, this study investigated the response of activated sludge to 50% and 100% edible oil exposure in comparison to glucose, focusing on organics removal performance, characteristics of sludge, EPS, and microbial community structure. Results showed that both concentrations of edible oil influenced the systems' performance, although 100% edible oil showed more significant negative effects than 50% edible oil. The mechanisms behind the influence of edible oil on the aerobic activated sludge system and the differences between the different concentrations of edible oil were revealed. The worse system performance in the edible oil exposure system was due to the worse sludge settling performance, which was significantly affected by edible oil (p < 0.05). The sludge settling performance was mainly inhibited by promoting the formation of floating particles and the enrichment of filamentous bacteria in the 50% edible oil exposure system; biosurfactant secretion was also speculated as the reason, in addition to the above factors, in the 100% edible oil exposure system. The macroscopic largest floating particles, highest total relative abundance of foaming bacteria and biosurfactant production genera (34.32%), lowest surface tension (43.7 mN/m), and highest emulsifying activity (E24 = 25%) of EPS in 100% edible oil exposure systems provide strong evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiong Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Hongwu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; Key Laboratory of Urban Water Supply, Water Saving and Water Environment Governance in the Yangtze River Delta of Ministry of Water Resources, Shanghai, 200092, China.
| | - Hongbin Chen
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China; National Engineering Research Center for Urban Pollution Control, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
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Cheng Y, Cheng Q, Zhao C, Ren X, Wang Y, Kou Y, Chon K, Ko MH, Hwang MH. Evaluation of Efficiently Removing Secondary Effluent Organic Matters (EfOM) by Al-Based Coagulant for Wastewater Recycling: A Case Study with an Industrial-Scale Food-Processing Wastewater Treatment Plant. MEMBRANES 2023; 13:membranes13050510. [PMID: 37233571 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13050510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The reuse of wastewater has been identified as an important initiative for the sustainable development of the environment; thus, the removal of secondary effluent organic matter (EfOM) to ensure the safety of reused wastewater is the key step and a subject of extensive research. In this study, Al2(SO4)3 and anionic polyacrylamide were selected as coagulant and flocculant, respectively, for the treatment of secondary effluent from a food-processing industry wastewater treatment plant to meet the standard regulatory specifications for water reuse. In this process, the removal efficiencies of chemical oxygen demand (COD), components with UV254, and specific ultraviolet absorbance (SUVA) were 44.61%, 25.13%, and 9.13%, respectively, with an associated reduction in chroma and turbidity. The fluorescence intensities (Fmax) of two humic-like components were reduced during coagulation, and microbial humic-like components of EfOM had a better removal efficiency because of a higher Log Km value of 4.12. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that Al2(SO4)3 could remove the protein fraction of the soluble microbial products (SMP) of EfOM by forming a loose SMP protein complex with enhanced hydrophobicity. Furthermore, flocculation reduced the aromaticity of secondary effluent. The cost of the proposed secondary effluent treatment was 0.034 CNY t-1 %COD-1. These results demonstrate that the process is efficient and economically viable for EfOM removal to realize food-processing wastewater reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Qiangqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Chengjin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xianghao Ren
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Yingying Kou
- Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment, Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Kangmin Chon
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
- Department of Integrated Energy and Infra System, Kangwon National University, 1 Kangwondaehak-gil, Chuncheon-si 24341, Gangwon-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Myung-Han Ko
- ANT21, 34 Gyebaek-ro, Jung-gu, Daejeon 34899, Republic of Korea
| | - Moon-Hyun Hwang
- Institute of Conversions Science, Korea University, 145 Anam-ro, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
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Cao J, Wang K, Chen F, Li C, Gu Y, Fang Z, Wang H, Lu J, Meng F, Huang W, Liu D, Wang S. From waste-activated sludge to algae: a self-reliant cultivation process in photoreactors using saline conditions. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2023; 87:1819-1831. [PMID: 37119157 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2023.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, microalgae-bacteria (MB) systems using saline conditions (3 and 5% salinity) were built in order to use waste-activated sludge (AS) as raw material for cultivating lipid-rich microalgae. Algae were observed to be flourishing in 60 days of operation, which totally used the N and P released from the sludge biomass. A prominent improvement of lipid content in MB consortia was obtained under algae growth and salinity stimulation, which occupied 119-136 mg/g-SS rather than a low content of 12.1 mg/g-SS in AS. Lipid enrichment also brought a 3.1-3.3 times total heat release (THR) in the MB biomass. The marine spherical algae Porphyridium, as well as filamentous Geitlerinema, Nodularia, Leptolyngbya were found to be the main lipid producers and self-flocculated to 23.0% (R1) and 33.5% (R2) volume under the effect of residue EPS. This study had a big meaning in not only waste sludge reduction but also in manufacturing useful bioenergy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhua Cao
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Keli Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fanzhen Chen
- Tianjin Huabo Water Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Cheng Li
- Tianjin Huabo Water Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Yue Gu
- Tianjin Huabo Water Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- Tianjin Huabo Water Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300040, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Tianjin Tianshui Zhixin Infrastructure Construction and Operation Co., Ltd, Tianjin 300404, China
| | - Jingfang Lu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Fansheng Meng
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
| | - Wenli Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Shaopo Wang
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Aquatic Science and Technology, Tianjin 300384, China E-mail:
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Chen Z, Huang Z, Liu H, Wang H, Wei Z. Pb 0 flue gas biosorption in denitrifying MBfR: Characteristics and binding ability of extracellular polymeric substances. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 314:137703. [PMID: 36587914 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pb0 in flue gas which is ubiquitous in the environment, poses a certain threat to human and ecology, but the study on EPS-dependent stabilization of lead to remove Pb0 from flue gas remains insufficient. In this investigation, the characteristics and heavy metals-binding ability of four EPS fractions were evaluated. The EPS were extracted from denitrifying membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR) and divided into slime EPS (S-EPS), loosely-bound EPS (LB-EPS), tightly-bound EPS (TB-EPS) and EPS in circulating flow (Y-EPS). The S, LB, TB-EPS related to Pb stabilization on biofilm need more attention. Compared to Pb-S-EPS (0.013 mg g-1) and Pb-LB-EPS (0.13 mg g-1), the Pb-TB-EPS (0.26 mg g-1) was mainly stable form of vapor Pb0, since TB-EPS's higher content (30.67-82.44 mg g-1 VSS), proteins (13.47-36.32 mg g-1 VSS) and polysaccharides (9.37-32.48 mg g-1 VSS) concentration. Particularly, proteins related ligands were more effective in S, LB, TB-EPS dependent adsorption of Pb, complexing with hydrophobic acid ligands further strengthened in TB-EPS adsorption. The Pb-EPS complex formed via binding with functional groups (such as O-H, N-H, C-H and CC) on EPS, also facilitated by loose structure of proteins. This study enlightens the researchers on the bio-treatment and EPS-dependent biosorption of Pb0 in flue gas in denitrifying MBfR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyao Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenshan Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haixu Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Huiying Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zaishan Wei
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control and Remediation Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Corsino SF, Carabillò M, Cosenza A, De Marines F, Di Trapani D, Traina F, Torregrossa M, Viviani G. Insights on mechanisms of excess sludge minimization in an oxic-settling-anaerobic process under different operating conditions and plant configurations. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 312:137090. [PMID: 36334748 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.137090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In the present research, insights about the mechanisms of excess sludge minimization occurring in an oxic-settling-anaerobic (OSA) were provided. The investigation involved two systems operating in parallel. In particular, a conventional activated sludge (CAS) system as control and a system implementing the OSA process both having a pre-denitrification scheme were considered. Five periods (P1-P5) were studied, during which several operating conditions and configurations were tested. Specifically, the hydraulic retention time (HRT) in the anaerobic reactor of the OSA system (P1 8 h, P2-P3 12 h, P4 8 h, P5 12 h) and the return sludge from the anaerobic to the anoxic (scheme A) (P1-P2) or aerobic (scheme B) mainstream reactors (P3-P5) were investigated. The results highlighted that the excess sludge production in the OSA was lower in all the configurations (12-41%). In more detail, the observed yield (Yobs) was reduced from 0.50-0.89 gTSS gCOD-1 (control) to 0.22 -0.34 gTSS gCOD-1 in the OSA process. The highest excess sludge reduction (40%) was achieved when the OSA was operated according to scheme B and HRT of 12 h in the anaerobic reactor (P3). Generally, scheme A enabled the establishment of cell lysis and extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) destructuration, leading to a worsening of process performances when high anaerobic HRT (>8 h) was imposed. In contrast, scheme B enabled the establishment of maintenance metabolism in addition to the uncoupling metabolism, while cell lysis and EPS destruction were minimized. This allowed obtaining higher sludge reduction yield without compromising the effluent quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santo Fabio Corsino
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Michele Carabillò
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alida Cosenza
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Federica De Marines
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Di Trapani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Traina
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Michele Torregrossa
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
| | - Gaspare Viviani
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale Delle Scienze, Building 8, 90128, Palermo, Italy
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Application of the EGSB-CMBR Process to High-Concentration Organic Wastewater Treatment. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10051039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
To decrease the cost of wastewater treatment at the plant, the Wuzhou Shenguan Protein Enteric Coating Production Plant designed and built an expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)-ceramic membrane bioreactor reactor (CMBR) process for treating high-concentration organic wastewater with a capacity of 25 m3/d. The EGSB is divided into anaerobic and microaerobic sections. The purpose of the anaerobic section is to substantially degrade COD, and the main functions of the microaerobic section are to coordinate the relationship between hydrolytic acid-producing bacteria, methanogenic bacteria (MBP), and sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and to mitigate the inhibitory effects between them to simultaneously remove COD and sulfate. Anaerobic ammonia-oxidizing bacteria were added to the CMBR reactor to remove both COD and ammonia nitrogen. The results of the operation showed that more than 99% of the COD was removed by the EGSB-CMBR process, while the removal rates of NH4+-N and SS were greater than 70% and 90%, respectively. In addition, the effluent met the requirements of the secondary standard of the Comprehensive Wastewater Discharge Standard (8978-1996). Economic and technical analyses showed that the modified EGSB-CMBR reactor has a high treatment efficiency, which greatly saves on the cost of the “commissioned treatment” of high-concentration organic waste liquid in the plant. Specifically, it can save more than 800,000 CNY for the plant annually.
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