Highly efficient photocatalytic H2O2 generation over dysprosium oxide-integrated g-C3N4 nanosheets with nitrogen deficiency

Developing Polymeric Carbon Nitrides for Photocatalytic H2O2 Production

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a crucial role in various applications, such as green oxidation processes and the production of high-quality fuels. Currently, H2O2 is primarily manufactured using the indirect anthraquinone method, known for its significant energy consumption and the generation of intensive by-products. Extensive research has been conducted on the photocatalytic production of H2O2 via oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), with polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) emerging as a promising catalyst for this conversion. This review article is organized around two approaches. The first part main consists of the chemical optimization of the PCN structure, while the second focuses on the physical integration of PCN with other functional materials. The objective is to clarify the correlation between the physicochemical properties of PCN photocatalysts and their effectiveness in H2O2 production. Through a thorough review and analysis of the findings, this article seeks to stimulate new insights and achievements, not only in the domain of H2O2 production via ORR but also in other redox reactions.

Cyano-Rich g-C3 N4 in Photochemistry: Design, Applications, and Prospects

Cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials are widely used in various fields of photochemistry due to the very powerful electron-absorbing ability and electron storage function of cyano, as well as its advantages in improving light absorption, adjusting the energy band structure, increasing the polarization rate and electron density in the structure, active site concentration, and promoting oxygen activation ability. Notwithstanding, there is yet a huge knowledge break in the design, preparation, detection, application, and prospect of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 . Accordingly, an overall review is arranged to substantially comprehend the research progress and position of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials. An overall overview of the current research position in the synthesis, characterization (determination of their location and quantity), application, and reaction mechanism analysis of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials to provide a quantity of novel suggestions for cyano-modified carbon nitride materials' construction is provided. In view of the prevailing challenges and outlooks of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 materials, this paper will purify the growth direction of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 , to achieve a more in-depth exploration and broaden the applications of cyano-rich g-C3 N4 .

Photocatalytic Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide from Molecular Oxygen and Water

Hydrogen peroxide is a powerful and green oxidant that allows for the oxidation of a wide span of organic and inorganic substrates in liquid media under mild reaction conditions, and forms only molecular water and oxygen as end products. Hydrogen peroxide is therefore used in a wide range of applications, for which the well-documented and established anthraquinone autoxidation process is by far the dominating production method at the industrial scale. As this method is highly energy consuming and environmentally costly, the search for more sustainable synthesis methods is of high interest. To this end, the article reviews the basis and the recent development of the photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide. Different oxygen reduction and water oxidation mechanisms are discussed, as well as several kinetic models, and the influence of the main key reaction parameters is itemized. A large range of photocatalytic materials is reviewed, with emphasis on titania-based photocatalysts and on high-prospect graphitic carbon nitride-based systems that take advantage of advanced bulk and surface synthetic approaches. Strategies for enhancing the performances of solar-driven photocatalysts are reported, and the search for new, alternative, photocatalytic materials is detailed. Finally, the promise of in situ photocatalytic synthesis of hydrogen peroxide for water treatment and organic synthesis is described, as well as its coupling with enzymes and the direct in situ synthesis of other technical peroxides.