1
|
El-Said GF, El Zokm GM, El-Sayed AAM, Soliman NF. Comprehensive risk assessment and interactions of fluoride and boron ions in the water-sediments interface: The Red Sea, Egypt. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 359:142334. [PMID: 38759811 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.142334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
This study presents a baseline evaluation of the distribution, human and ecotoxicological risk, and the potential interactions of fluoride and boron in the water-sediment interface in 25 locations from incredible Red Sea tourist destinations. Results showed comparable levels of B and F in the water and sediments with previous literature. Significant positive correlation was found between B and F (r = 0.57; P<0.01). Based on the sediment/liquid partition coefficient (Kd), F is more likely to be released from the sediment into seawater (logKd< 3) than B (3< logKd< 4). pH and alkalinity may affect water-sediment interactions of B and F, respectively, while SO42- and Cl- ions had no significant effect on adsorption ability of F and B. The majority of minerals had average saturation Index (SI) > 1 referring to the over saturation of seawater with these minerals and their inability to dissolve. The formation of CF, FAP, and CFAP may be related to the high correlation between Fw (r = 0.928, P< 0.01; r = 0.527, P< 0.01; r = 0.608, P< 0.01) and Bw (r = 0.38, P< 0.05; r = 0.38, P< 0.05; r = 0.397, P< 0.05). Total hazard quotient (THQ) for children and adults were <1, revealing no health risks from exposure to B and F through ingestion and skin contact while swimming. The risk characterization ratio; RCRmix(MEC/PNEC) showed high short-term risks to aquatic organisms. Further investigations might emphasis on emerging mitigation strategies to address these concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Gehan M El Zokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sahyoun W, Net S, López-Maldonado EA, Baroudi M, Ouddane B. Occurrence and health risk estimate of organochlorine pesticides in fruits and vegetables matrices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8. [PMID: 38833048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33823-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Occurrence of 20 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in 60 organic and non-organic fruits and vegetables matrices was undertaken using QuEChERS Method EN 15662 for sample preparation analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). The procedural method was validated by spiking the OCP standard solutions at three fortified levels at 10, 50, and 100 µg/kg wet weight (ww) to the real matrix of fruit and vegetable with good recovery ranging from 75 to 108% with relative standard deviation (RSD) ≤ 11%, and the limits of detection and quantification (LODs and LOQs) were 0.002-0.02 μg/kg and 0.004-0.1 μg/kg ww, respectively. The assessment of health risks associated with pesticide residues through consumption of vegetables and fruits and the effect of washing and peeling on concentration of various pesticides were also studied. The results showed that the concentration levels of 60% of samples were lower than the LOQs, while the rest was contaminated by OCP residues. Organic fruits and vegetables showed the absence of OCPs, while several of the studied compounds were detected from conventional agriculture. Skin removal (peeling) was the most effective strategy to eliminate or decrease pesticide residues, and should be one of the solutions to reduce the health impact of pesticides in fruits and vegetables. The analysis of health risk assessment was based on the use of the estimated average daily intake (EDI), hazard index (HI), and hazard ratio (HR) for individuals in two weight categories: children (weighing 16.7 kg) and adults (weighing 60 kg). The HI values were less than 1 suggesting that there was no probable non-carcinogenic health effect, except for heptachlor for children (HI of 1.285). However, the values of HR revealed that children were more susceptible to the carcinogenic health effect associated with consuming contaminated vegetables.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wissam Sahyoun
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sopheak Net
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | | | - Moomen Baroudi
- Faculté de Santé Publique Section III, Laboratoire Des Sciences de L'Eau Et de L'Environnement (L.S.E.E), Université Libanaise, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Baghdad Ouddane
- CNRS, UMR 8516 - LASIRE, Laboratoire Avancé de Spectroscopie Pour Les Interactions, La Réactivité Et L'Environnement, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
El Zokm GM, El Saharty AA, El-Said GF, Hussein MMA, Ghazal MA, Nasra AES, Okbah MA. A comparative study of surfactant distribution and fate (western and eastern) Egyptian Mediterranean coasts focusing on its environmental toxicity. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 198:106535. [PMID: 38704932 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2024.106535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
One of the most difficult-to-manage new contaminants constantly released into the environment is linear alkylbenzene sulphonate (LAS), an anionic surfactant. Significant volumes of LAS are received by the Mediterranean coast of Egypt. The current study is a comprehensive assessment of the environmental fate of the LAS 1505 km off the Mediterranean coast of Egypt in the fall of 2023 in order to track its geographic spread and eventual demise in the water column. Critical analysis of LAS revealed that it is vertically distributed in various ways according to sources, uses, production amounts, and salinity levels. The vertical variation of LAS can be explained by its amphiphilic structure. A significant increase in surfactant concentration (>300 μg/L) was recorded in 66% and 43% of the total samples, ranging from 301.128 to 455.36 and from 304.556 to 486.135 for the western and eastern sides along the Egyptian Mediterranean coast, respectively. Evaluation of the average acute and chronic risk quotient (RQ) along the investigated locations revealed that fish were the most susceptible to LAS in both long and short exposure periods. The presented results also indicated significant LAS toxicity to three trophic levels (RQ values > 1). LAS toxicity to marine organisms was greater in the western than in eastern coastal regions according to acute and chronic mixture risk characterization ratios (RCRmix). The three trophic levels in the study area had the following order of acute relative contribution (RC) to LAS toxicity: fish > invertebrates > algae. The ANOVA test results showed that in both the western and eastern regions, LAS varied significantly (p < 0.05) with salinity (1.04E-60 and 5.44E-42) and depth (6.02E-65 and 1.59E-47), respectively. In addition, a significant difference was observed using the ANOVA test between the eastern and western regions of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehan M El Zokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | | | - Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt.
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed A Okbah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
El Zokm GM, El-Said GF, Okbah MA. Impact of land development along the western Mediterranean coast of Egypt regarding surfactant sources, interfering elements and ecotoxicity. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 203:116372. [PMID: 38688238 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The effect of recent land development of the western side of the Egyptian Mediterranean coast on the fates, behaviors, interactions, and ecotoxicology of surfactant (LAS), F, Br, B, Ca, Mg, and P was studied. Samples of seawater and sediments were collected from 15 stations at different depths representing, 5 perpendicular sectors. Elevated levels of LAS were identified in seawater columns in the El-Hamam (467.3 ± 220.8 μg/L) and El-Dabaa (480.0 ± 314.1 μg/L) stations. LAS homologue in sediment was in the range of 0.013-0.024, 0.042-0.184, 0.086-0.402, and 0.025-0.058 μg/g for C10, C11, C12, and C13, respectively. Studied parameters showed mixture risk characterization ratios RCRmix > 1 for algae, invertebrates, and fish in seawater and sediments, except for P, which showed low risk (RCRmix ≤ 1) in sediment. Acute relative contribution (RC) of LAS reflected that fish were the most sensitive species (RCFish = 48.5), followed by algae (RCAlgae = 44.4) and invertebrates (RCInvert = 7.1).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gehan M El Zokm
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt.
| | - Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Okbah
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Balamanikandan V, Shalini R, Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Padmavathy P, Sivaraman B, Devanesan S, Sundhar S, AlSalhi MS, Mythili R, Kim W. Bioaccumulation and health risk assessment of trace elements in Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) from selected inland water bodies. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:187. [PMID: 38696018 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01909-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/17/2024]
Abstract
The presence of toxic trace elements (TEs) has resulted in a worldwide deterioration in freshwater ecosystem quality. This study aimed to analyze the distribution of TEs, including chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb), in water, sediment, and organs of Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) collected from selected inland water bodies in Tamil Nadu, India. The water samples exhibited a range of concentrations for TEs: Cr varied from 0.014 to 5.193 µg/L, Ni ranged from 0.283 to 11.133 µg/L, As ranged from 0.503 to 1.519 µg/L, Cd from 0.001 to 0.616 µg/L, and Pb ranged from non-detectable (ND) to 6.103 µg/L. The concentrations of TEs in sediment were found to vary within the following ranges: 5.259 to 32.621 mg/kg for Cr, 1.932 to 30.487 mg/kg for Ni, 0.129 to 0.563 mg/kg for As, 0.003 to 0.011 mg/kg for Cd, ND to 0.003 mg/kg for Hg, and 0.404 to 1.575 mg/kg for Pb. The study found that the accumulation pattern of TE in fishes across all selected areas was liver > bone > gill > muscle. The organs had TE concentrations of Cr (ND-0.769 mg/kg), Ni (ND-1.053 mg/kg), As (0.002-0.080 mg/kg), Pb (ND-0.411 mg/kg), and Hg (ND-0.067 mg/kg), which was below the maximum residual limit prescribed by EC and FSSAI. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of TEs exhibited a greater magnitude in comparison with the biota-sediment accumulation factor due to the higher concentration of TEs in fish and lower level in water. The assessment of both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks suggests that the consumption of Tilapia from the study region does not pose any significant risks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijayakumar Balamanikandan
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India.
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Pandurangan Padmavathy
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Balasubramanian Sivaraman
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Sandhanasamy Devanesan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shanmugam Sundhar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr.J.Jayalalithaa Fisheries University, Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, 628 008, India
| | - Mohamad S AlSalhi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Mythili
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Arisekar U, Shakila RJ, Shalini R, Sivaraman B, Karthy A, Al-Ansari MM, Dahmash Al-Dahmash N, Mythili R, Kim W, Ramkumar S, Kalidass B, Sangma SN. Diffusion of organochlorine (OCPs) and cypermethrin pesticides from rohu (Labeo rohita) internal organs to edible tissues during ice storage: a threat to human health. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:126. [PMID: 38483641 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01891-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The migration of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and cypermethrin residues from internal organs to edible tissues of ice-held Labeo rohita (rohu) was investigated in this study. The liver (246 µg/kg) had the highest level of ∑OCP residues, followed by the gills (226 µg/kg), intestine (167 µg/kg), and muscle tissue (54 µg/kg). The predominant OCPs in the liver and gut were endosulfan (53-66 µg/kg), endrin (45-53 µg/kg), and dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT; 26-35 µg/kg). The ∑OCP residues in muscle increased to 152 µg/kg when the entire rohu was stored in ice, but they decreased to 129 µg/kg in gill tissues. On days 5 and 9, the total OCPs in the liver increased to 317 µg/kg and 933 µg/kg, respectively. Beyond day 5 of storage, total internal organ disintegration had led to an abnormal increase in OCP residues of liver-like mass. Despite a threefold increase in overall OCP residues by day 9, accumulation of benzene hexachloride (BHC) and heptachlor was sixfold, endrin and DDT were fourfold, aldrin was threefold, and endosulfan and cypermethrin were both twofold. Endosulfan, DDT, endrin, and heptachlor were similarly lost in the gills at a rate of 40%, while aldrin and BHC were also lost at 60 and 30%, respectively. The accumulation of OCP residues in tissues has been attributed to particular types of fatty acid derivatives. The study concluded that while pesticide diffusion to edible tissues can occur during ice storage, the levels observed were well below the allowable limit for endosulfan, endrin, and DDT.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India.
| | - Balasubramanian Sivaraman
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Arjunan Karthy
- Department of Fishing Technology and Fisheries Engineering, Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin, Tamil Nadu, 628008, India
| | - Mysoon M Al-Ansari
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Dahmash Al-Dahmash
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - R Mythili
- Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, 600077, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Sugumar Ramkumar
- ICAR-Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, 400061, India
| | | | - Shannon N Sangma
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Hazaribagh, Jharkhand, 825405, India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Arisekar U, Shalini R, Jeya Shakila R, Abuthagir Iburahim S, Anantharaja K, Bharathi Rathinam R, Sundhar S. Selenium and mercury concentration, Se/Hg molar ratio and risk-benefit assessment of marine fish consumption: Human health risks and protective role of Se against Hg toxicity. Food Res Int 2024; 180:114086. [PMID: 38395583 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.114086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the concentrations of Se and Hg in marine fish along the Gulf of Mannar (southeast coast of India) and to assess related risks and risk-based consumption limits for children, pregnant women, and adults. Se concentrations in pelagic and benthic fish ranged from 0.278 to 0.470 mg/kg and 0.203 to 0.294 mg/kg, respectively, whereas Hg concentrations ranged from 0.028 to 0.106 mg/kg and 0.026 to 0.097 mg/kg, respectively. Se and Hg contents in demersal fish (Nemipterus japonicus) were 0.282 and 0.039 mg/kg, respectively. The lowest and highest Hg concentrations in pelagic fish were found in Scomberomorus commersoni and Euthynnus affinis whereas the lowest and highest Se concentrations in benthic fish were found in Scarus ghobban and Siganus javus. Se concentrations in marine fishes were found in the following order: pelagic > demersal > benthic whereas Hg concentrations were found in the following order: pelagic > benthic > demersal. The presence of Se in fish was positively correlated with trophic level (TL) and size whereas that of Hg was weakly correlated with TL and habitat and negatively correlated with size. Se risk-benefit analysis, the AI/RDI (actual intake/recommended daily intake) ratio was > 100 % and the AI/UL (upper limit) ratio was < 100 %, indicating that all fish have sufficient levels of Se to meet daily requirements without exceeding the UL. Hg level was below the maximum residual limit (MRL) of 0.5 mg/kg for most fish but it was 1 mg/kg in E. affinis and Lethrinus lentjan. The target hazard quotient (THQ < 1) and hazard index (HI < 1) imply that the consumption of fish poses no noncarcinogenic health risks. However, all examined fish had a mean Se/Hg molar ratio > 1, indicating that human intake of fishwas rather safe relative to Hg content. Health benefit indexes (Se-HBV and HBVse) with high positive values in all fish supported the protective effect of Se against Hg toxicity, suggesting the overall safety of fish consumption. The high Se/Hg ratio in fish could be attributed to the replacement of Se bound to Hg, thereby suppressing Hg toxicity and maintaining normal selenoprotein synthesis. This insight is useful for a better understanding of food safety analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Kanagaraja Anantharaja
- Regional Research Centre of ICAR - Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Bengaluru 560 089, Karnataka, India
| | - R Bharathi Rathinam
- ICAR-Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Mumbai 400 061, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shanmugam Sundhar
- Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Arisekar U, Shalini R, Shakila RJ, Sundhar S, Afrin Banu AM, Iburahim SA, Umamaheshwari T. Trace metals in commercial seafood products (canned, pickled and smoked): Comparison, exposure and health risk assessment. Food Res Int 2024; 178:113969. [PMID: 38309917 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2024.113969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
This study used inductively coupled plasma and mass spectrometry, followed by microwave digestion, to assess the concentration of six trace metals (Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, and Pb) in three canned products (tuna in oil [TIO], sardine in oil [SIO], and mackerel in oil [MIO]), two pickled products (prawn pickle [PP] and fish pickle [FP]), and one smoked product (masmin) collected from Tuticorin market, southern India. Trace metal (TM) levels in canned, pickled, and smoked fish varied from 0.01 to 1.48, 0.009 to 0.94, and 0.08 to 4.13 mg/kg, respectively. The concentration of TMs in the seafood was observed in the following order: As > Cr > Pb > Ni > Cd > Hg. Regarding their accumulation in the seafood products, masmin showed the highest levels followed by SIO, MIO, TIO, FP, and PP. The results revealed that smoked products showed higher TM concentrations, followed by canned and pickled products. The level of TMs in seafood products was below the maximum residue limit set by the European Commission (EC/1881/2006) and the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI). Risk assessment for consumer health implied that the evaluated target hazard quotient (THQ < 1), hazard index (HI < 1), and target cancer risk (TCR < 1.E-04) values did not exceed their guideline values and did not cause non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health impacts through seafood product consumption. The pollution index (Pi) values of TMs in seafood products ranged from 0.01 to 0.7, with As and Cd showing the lowest and highest values, which were below 0.7, indicating their safety for consumption. The metal pollution index (MPI) for TMs in seafood ranged from 9.E-05 to 0.007, with the lowest and highest values associated with PP and TIO products. The MPI value for seafood products was below 1, signifying low TMs accumulation, suggesting the safety of seafood for consumption. The maximum seafood meal consumption limit (CRmm) was calculated, showing that adults can safely consume > 16 meals/month without chronic or acute toxicity. The results of this study suggest that the accumulation of TMs in the analyzed seafood product was below the health guidelines and pollution index values, making it suitable for smooth domestic and international export as well as safe consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Rajendran Shalini
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Robinson Jeya Shakila
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Shanmugam Sundhar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Mujeeb Afrin Banu
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Thiravidalingam Umamaheshwari
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management, Fisheries College and Research Institute (FC&RI), Tamil Nadu Dr. J. Jayalalithaa Fisheries University (TNJFU), Tuticorin 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Ohoro CR, Wepener V. Review of scientific literature on available methods of assessing organochlorine pesticides in the environment. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22142. [PMID: 38045185 PMCID: PMC10692828 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) widely used in agriculture and industry, causing serious health and ecological consequences upon exposure. This review offers a thorough overview of OCPs analysis emphasizing the necessity of ongoing work to enhance the identification and monitoring of these POPs in environmental and human samples. The benefits and drawbacks of the various OCPs analysis techniques including gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD), and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) are discussed. Challenges associated with validation and optimization criteria, including accuracy, precision, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ), must be met for a method to be regarded as accurate and reliable. Suitable quality control measures, such as method blanks and procedural blanks, are emphasized. The LOD and LOQ are critical quality control measure for efficient quantification of these compounds, and researchers have explored various techniques for their calculation. Matrix interference, solubility, volatility, and partition coefficient influence OCPs occurrences and are discussed in this review. Validation experiments, as stated by European Commission in document SANTE/11813/2017, showed that the acceptance criteria for method validation of OCP analytes include ≤20 % for high precision, and 70-120 % for recovery. This may ultimately be vital for determining the human health risk effects of exposure to OCP and for formulating sensible environmental and public health regulations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chinemerem Ruth Ohoro
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| | - Victor Wepener
- Water Research Group, Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520, South Africa
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Metwally AA, Khalafallah MM, Dawood MAO. Water quality, human health risk, and pesticides accumulation in African catfish and Nile tilapia from the Kitchener Drain-Egypt. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18482. [PMID: 37898697 PMCID: PMC10613270 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45264-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides are toxic and could negatively impact humans and the ecosystem. The Kitchener Drain is among the longest drains in Egypt and carries a wide range of wastewater from the agriculture sector, which contains pesticides and may pollute the ecosystem. Thus, water quality, human health risk, and pesticide accumulation in African catfish and Nile tilapia from the Kitchener Drain-Egypt. The water and fish samples were collected from Kitchener Drain in Kafr Elsheikh Governorate, Egypt, during the four seasons. The results indicated that heptachlor and diazinon were undetected during the four seasons. However, endosulfan, chlorpyrifos, and dicofol were detected in winter and autumn. Only p,p'-DDT was detected during spring. Endosulfan, heptachlor, and aldrin were detected in Nile tilapia during winter. Only heptachlor and aldrin were detected during spring. Endosulfan, heptachlor, dicofol, p,p'-DDT, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were detected in the autumn season. In summer, dicofol and p,p'-DDT were detected, while endosulfan, heptachlor p,p'-DDT, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were not detected. In African catfish, endosulfan, heptachlor, dicofol, and p,p'-DDT were detected during winter, while chlorpyrifos, aldrin, and chlorpyrifos, aldrin, and diazinon were not detected. In the spring season, endosulfan, heptachlor, and aldrin were detected. Endosulfan, heptachlor, dicofol, p,p'-DDT, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were detected in the autumn season. Similarly, in the summer season, endosulfan, heptachlor, dicofol, p,p'-DDT, aldrin, chlorpyrifos, and diazinon were detected. The sequence of estimated daily intake (EDI) in Nile tilapia during the four seasons is heptachlor > endosulfan > dicofol > p,p'-DDT > aldrin > diazinon > chlorpyrifos. The sequence of EDI in African catfish during the four seasons is endosulfan > p,p'-DDT > heptachlor > aldrin > dicofol > diazinon > chlorpyrifos. In conclusion, the results confirmed the absence of a hazard index for consuming Nile tilapia and African catfish collected from the Kitchener drain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Metwally
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt.
| | - Malik M Khalafallah
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud A O Dawood
- Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Shaikh, 33516, Egypt
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kumar Reddy CP, Manikandavelu D, Arisekar U, Ahilan B, Uma A, Jayakumar N, Kim W, Govarthanan M, Harini C, Vidya RS, Madhavan N, Kumar Reddy DR. Toxicological effect of endocrine disrupting insecticide (deltamethrin) on enzymatical, haematological and histopathological changes in the freshwater iridescent shark, Pangasius hypothalamus. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023:104201. [PMID: 37391053 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the deltamethrin (DMN) induced harmful effects on Pangasius hypophthalmus using enzymatic activity, haematological, and histopathological changes. LC50 value was 0.021mg/L at 96h, and sublethal toxicity was tested for 45 days at two `concentrations (i.e., 1/5th and 1/10th of LC50). Haematological parameters and enzymatic activities significantly changed between DMN-exposed and control groups (p<0.05). Histopathologically, both DMN doses induced liver hyperemia, hepatic cell rupture, necrosis, hypertrepheoid bile duct, shifting nuclei, vascular haemorrhage, and hepatocyte degeneration, while in gill, secondary lamellae destruction, a fusion of adjacent gill lamellae, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, adhesion, and fusion were noticed. Kidney developed melanomacrophages, increased periglomerular and peritubular space, vacuolation, decreased glomerulus, hyaline droplets in tubular cells, loss of tubular epithelium, distal convoluted segment hypertrophy, and granular layer in brain pyramid and Purkinje cell nucleus. But, limiting pesticide impacts on freshwater fish and their habitat requires a holistic, cradle-to-grave approach and toxicological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - D Manikandavelu
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - Ulaganathan Arisekar
- Department of Fish Quality Assurance and Management Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University, Thoothukudi - 628 008, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - B Ahilan
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - A Uma
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - N Jayakumar
- Dr. M.G. R. Fisheries College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Fisheries University,Ponneri - 601 204, India
| | - Woong Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Muthusamy Govarthanan
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 600077, India.
| | - C Harini
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | - R Sri Vidya
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | - N Madhavan
- College of Fishery Science, Andhra Pradesh Fisheries University, Muthukur-524344, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Guo Y, Xie J, Dong F, Wu X, Pan X, Liu X, Zheng Y, Zhang J, Xu J. Highly-Selective Analytical Strategy for 90 Pesticides and Metabolites Residues in Fish and Shrimp Samples. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104235. [PMID: 37241976 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The analysis of pesticide residues in aquatic products is challenging due to low residue levels and the complex matrix interference. In this study, we developed a simple, fast method for the trace analysis of 90 pesticides and metabolites in aquatic products. The analytes covered a wide polarity range with log Kow (log octanol-water partition coefficient) ranging from -1.2 to 6.37. Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) and prawn (Penaeus chinensis) samples were chosen to validate the quantification method. The samples were extracted by 0.2% formic-acetonitrile, cleaned by solid-phase extraction (PRiME HLB), and analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The results showed good linearities for the analytes and were observed in the range of 0.05-50 μg/L. The recoveries of the method were within 50.4-118.6%, with the relative standard deviations being lower than 20%. The limits of quantifications (LOQs) of the method were in the range of 0.05-5.0 μg/kg, which were superior to values compared with other research. The developed method was applied to detect pesticide residues in prawn samples from eastern coastal areas of China. Three herbicide residues of diuron, prometryn, and atrazine were detected in prawn samples. The method was sensitive and efficient, which is of significance in expanding the screening scope and improving the quantitative analysis efficiency in aquatic products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yage Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jun Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fengshou Dong
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xiaohu Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinglu Pan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yongquan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
El-Said GF, Sinoussy KS, Abdel Kawy SMH, Khedawy M. Abnormal fluoride distribution, human health risk assessment, predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) and environmental hazards in an Egyptian lake connected to the Mediterranean Sea. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 188:106029. [PMID: 37245451 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2023.106029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride can affect the metabolism and physiological functioning of humans and aquatic organisms like any hazardous substance when it exceeds its permissible limits and PNEC values. The fluoride content of the lake water and sediment samples collected from different locations was determined to assess its risks to humans and its ecological toxicity in Lake Burullus. Statistical analyses show that the proximity of the supplying drains had an impact on the fluoride content. Fluoride ingestion and skin contact in lake water and sediment during swimming for child, female and male were evaluated at 95, 90, and 50%. The values of hazard quotient (HQ) and total hazard quotient (THQ) for children, females and males were less than one, reflecting that exposure to fluoride through ingestion and skin-to-skin contact while swimming poses no risks to human health. PNEC values for fluoride in lake water and sediment were estimated using the equilibrium partitioning method (EPM). The ecological risk assessment of fluoride for acute and chronic toxicity was performed for the three trophic levels based on the PNEC, the half-maximal effective concentration (EC50), the median lethal dose (LC50), the no-observed effect concentration (NOEC), and the 5% lethal concentration (EC05). The risk quotient (RQ), mixture risk characterization ratios (RCRmix), relative contribution (RC), toxic unit (TU), and sum of toxic units (STU) were estimated. The acute and chronic RCRmix(STU) and RCRmix(MEC/PNEC) produced similar values for the three trophic levels in lake water and sediment, indicating that invertebrates are the most sensitive species to fluoride. These results of evaluating the environmental risks of fluoride in lake water and sediments reflected its significant impact on aquatic organisms living in the lake area in the long term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghada F El-Said
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| | | | | | - Mohamed Khedawy
- National Institute of Oceanography and Fisheries, NIOF, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vudamala K, Chakraborty P, Chatragadda R, Tiwari AK, Qureshi A. Distribution of organochlorine pesticides in surface and deep waters of the Southern Indian Ocean and coastal Antarctic waters. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 321:121206. [PMID: 36738882 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antarctica is a remote and pristine region. Yet it plays a vital role in biogeochemical cycles of global anthropogenic contaminants, such as persistent organic pollution (POPs). This work reports the distribution of legacy and new POPs in surface and depth profiles/deeper water of the Southern Indian Ocean (SIO) and the coast of Antarctica (COA). Samples were collected during the 10th Indian Southern Ocean expedition (SOE-10) in the year 2017. Concentrations of ∑HCH (hexachlorocyclohexane), ∑DDT (dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane), and ∑ENDO (endosulfan) in surface seawater from the SIO region ranged between not detected (ND) to 1.21 pg/Liter (pg L-1) (average. ± s.d.: 0.35 ± 0.42 pg L-1), ND to 1.83 pg L-1 (0.69 ± 84 pg L-1), and ND - to 2.06 pg L-1 (0.56 ± 0., 88 pg L-1), respectively. The concentrations of ∑HCH, ∑DDT, and ∑ENDO in COA ranged from ND to 0.98 pg L-1 (0.25 ± 0.27 pg L-1), ND to 3.61 pg L-1(0.50 ± 1.08 pg L-1), and ND to 2.09 pg L-1 (0.45 ± 0.84 pg L-1), respectively. Concentrations of isomers of endosulfan, and largely of HCHs, suggested an aged source. Some concentration ratios of α-to γ-HCH were close to 1, indicating a contribution from ongoing sources. Results indicate the important role of ocean currents in mediating the transport and detection of OCPs. As such, OCPs dynamics in deeper oceans may play an important role in OCPs cycling in the marine environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Krushna Vudamala
- Integrative Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India; Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India.
| | - Paromita Chakraborty
- Environmental Science and Technology Research Group, Centre for Research in Environment, Sustainability Advocacy and Climate Change, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, Tamil Nadu, 603203, India
| | - Ramesh Chatragadda
- Biological Oceanography Division, CSIR-National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula, Goa, 403004, India
| | - Anoop Kumar Tiwari
- Environmental Impact Assessment Group, National Centre for Polar and Ocean Research Headland Sada, Vasco da Gama, Goa, 403802, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- Department of Civil Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India; Department of Climate Change, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, TS, 502285, India
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Issaka E, Wariboko MA, Johnson NAN, Aniagyei OND. Advanced visual sensing techniques for on-site detection of pesticide residue in water environments. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13986. [PMID: 36915503 PMCID: PMC10006482 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide usage has increased to fulfil agricultural demand. Pesticides such as organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs) are ubiquitous in world food production. Their widespread usage has unavoidable detrimental consequences for humans, wildlife, water, and soil environments. Hence, the development of more convenient and efficient pesticide residue (PR) detection methods is of paramount importance. Visual detecting approaches have acquired a lot of interest among different sensing systems due to inherent advantages in terms of simplicity, speed, sensitivity, and eco-friendliness. Furthermore, various detections have been proven to enable real-life PR surveillance in environment water. Fluorometric (FL), colourimetric (CL), and enzyme-inhibition (EI) techniques have emerged as viable options. These sensing technologies do not need complex operating processes or specialist equipment, and the simple colour change allows for visual monitoring of the sensing result. Visual sensing techniques for on-site detection of PR in water environments are discussed in this paper. This paper further reviews prior research on the integration of CL, FL, and EI-based techniques with nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots (QDs), and metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). Smartphone detection technologies for PRs are also reviewed. Finally, conventional methods and nanoparticle (NPs) based strategies for the detection of PRs are compared.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliasu Issaka
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | - Mary Adumo Wariboko
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Dermatology and Venereology, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, PR China
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumar V, Yadav CS, Banerjee BD. Xeno-Estrogenic Pesticides and the Risk of Related Human Cancers. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:344-355. [PMID: 36412768 PMCID: PMC9680220 DOI: 10.3390/jox12040024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent decades, "environmental xenobiotic-mediated endocrine disruption", especially by xeno-estrogens, has gained a lot of interest from toxicologists and environmental researchers. These estrogen-mimicking chemicals are known to cause various human disorders. Pesticides are the most heavily used harmful xenobiotic chemicals around the world. The estrogen-mimicking potential of the most widely used organochlorine pesticides is well established. However, their effect is not as clearly understood among the plethora of effects these persistent xenobiotics are known to pose on our physiological system. Estrogens are one of the principal risk modifiers of various disorders, including cancer, not only in women but in men as well. Despite the ban on these xenobiotics in some parts of the world, humans are still at apparent risk of exposure to these harmful chemicals as they are still widely persistent and likely to stay in our environment for a long time owing to their high chemical stability. The present work intends to understand how these harmful chemicals may affect the risk of the development of estrogen-mediated human cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, IMS Engineering College, Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Chandra Shekhar Yadav
- School of Forensic Science, National Forensic Sciences University, Gandhinagar 382010, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Environmental Biochemistry & Molecular Biology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University College of Medical Sciences & GTB Hospital, University of Delhi, Delhi 110095, India
- Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical & Life Sciences, Hamdard University, New Delhi 110062, India
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|