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Mim M, Habib K, Farabi SN, Ali SA, Zaed MA, Younas M, Rahman S. MXene: A Roadmap to Sustainable Energy Management, Synthesis Routes, Stabilization, and Economic Assessment. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:32350-32393. [PMID: 39100332 PMCID: PMC11292634 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c04849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2024] [Revised: 06/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
MXenes with their wide range of tunability and good surface chemistry provide unique and distinctive characteristics offering potential employment in various aspects of energy management applications. These high-performance materials have attracted considerable attention in recent decades due to their outstanding characteristics. In the literature, most of the work is related to specific methods for the preparation of MXenes. In this Review, we present a detailed discussion on the synthesis of MXenes through different etching routes involving acids, such as hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, and lithium fluoride, and non-acidic alkaline solution, electrochemical, and molten salt methods. Furthermore, a concise overview of the different structural, optical, electronic, and magnetic properties of MXenes is provided corresponding to their role in supporting high thermal, chemical, mechanical, environmental, and electrochemical stability. Additionally, the role of MXenes in maintaining the thermal management performance of photovoltaic thermal systems (PV/T), wearable light heaters, solar water desalination, batteries, and supercapacitors is also briefly discussed. A techno-economic and life cycle analysis of MXenes is provided to analyze their sustainability, scalability, and commercialization to facilitate a comprehensive array of energy management systems. Lastly, the technology readiness level of MXenes is defined, and future recommendations for MXenes are provided for their further utilization in niche applications. The present work strives to link the chemistry of MXenes to process economics for energy management applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mumtahina Mim
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Khairul Habib
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Sazratul Nayeem Farabi
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Syed Awais Ali
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi
PETRONAS, 32610 Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak Darul Ridzuan, Malaysia
| | - Md Abu Zaed
- Research
Centre for Nanomaterials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of
Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammad Younas
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Chemical and Industrial
Engineering, University of Engineering and
Technology, 25120 Peshawar, Pakistan
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen, Fujian 361021, China
| | - Saidur Rahman
- Research
Centre for Nanomaterials and Energy Technology (RCNMET), School of
Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, 47500 Petaling
Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- School
of Engineering, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
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Huang L, Ding L, Caro J, Wang H. MXene-based Membranes for Drinking Water Production. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311138. [PMID: 37615530 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The soaring development of industry exacerbates the shortage of fresh water, making drinking water production an urgent demand. Membrane techniques feature the merits of high efficiency, low energy consumption, and easy operation, deemed as the most potential technology to purify water. Recently, a new type of two-dimensional materials, MXenes as the transition metal carbides or nitrides in the shape of nanosheets, have attracted enormous interest in water purification due to their extraordinary properties such as adjustable hydrophilicity, easy processibility, antifouling resistance, mechanical strength, and light-to-heat transformation capability. In pioneering studies, MXene-based membranes have been evaluated in the past decade for drinking water production including the separation of bacteria, dyes, salts, and heavy metals. This review focuses on the recent advancement of MXene-based membranes for drinking water production. A brief introduction of MXenes is given first, followed by descriptions of their unique properties. Then, the preparation methods of MXene membranes are summarized. The various applications of MXene membranes in water treatment and the corresponding separation mechanisms are discussed in detail. Finally, the challenges and prospects of MXene membranes are presented with the hope to provide insightful guidance on the future design and fabrication of high-performance MXene membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhi Huang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Li Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Jürgen Caro
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Leibniz University Hannover, Callinstrasse 3A, 30167, Hannover, Germany
| | - Haihui Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Membrane Materials and Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
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Baig N, Khan NA, Salhi B, Abdulazeez I, Abu-Zahra N, Abdelazem S, Aljundi IH. Highly Permeable Sulfonated Polydopamine Integrated MXene Membranes for Efficient Surfactant-Stabilized Oil-in-Water Separation. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:13953-13967. [PMID: 37729118 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c01651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
MXene is an incredibly promising two-dimensional material with immense potential to serve as a high-performing separating or barrier layer to develop advanced membranes. Despite the significant progress made in MXene membranes, two major challenges still exist: (i) effectively stacking MXene nanosheets into defect-free membranes and (ii) the high fouling tendency of MXene-based membranes. To address these issues, we employed sulfonated polydopamine (SPD), which simultaneously serves as a binding agent to promote the compact assembling of Ti3C2Tx MXenes (MX) nanosheets and improves the antifouling properties of the resulting sulfonated polydopamine-functionalized MX (SPDMX) membranes. The SPDMX membrane was tested for challenging surfactant-stabilized oil-in-water separation with an impressive efficiency of 98%. Moreover, an ultrahigh permeability of 1620 LMH/bar was also achieved. The sulfonation of PD helps in improving the antifouling characteristics of SPDMX by developing a strong hydration layer and enhancing the oleophobicity of the membrane. The underwater SPDMX membrane appeared superoleophobic with an oil contact angle of 153°, whereas the ceramic membrane exhibited an oil contact angle of 137°. The SPDMX membranes showed an improved flux recovery (31%) compared to the nonsulfonated counterpart. This work highlights the appropriate functionalization of MXene as a promising approach to developing MXene membranes with high permeation flux and better antifouling characteristics for oily wastewater treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadeem Baig
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niaz Ali Khan
- Key Laboratory of Textile Fiber and Products Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Billel Salhi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismail Abdulazeez
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nidal Abu-Zahra
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53211, United States
| | - Sohaib Abdelazem
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - Isam H Aljundi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center for Membranes and Water Security, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
- Chemical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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