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Huang Z, Wu J, Yang T, Wang Z, Zhang T, Gao F, Yang L, Li G. Synergistic Effects and Kinetic Analysis in Co-Pyrolysis of Peanut Shells and Polypropylene. Foods 2024; 13:1191. [PMID: 38672863 PMCID: PMC11049628 DOI: 10.3390/foods13081191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of COVID-19 has boosted growth in the takeaway and medical industries but has also generated a large amount of plastic waste. Peanut shells (PS) are produced in large quantities and are challenging to recycle in China. Co-pyrolysis of peanut shells (PS) and polypropylene (PP) is an effective method for processing plastic waste and energy mitigation. Thermogravimetric analysis was conducted on PS, PP, and their blends (PS-PP) at different heating rates (10, 20, 30 °C·min-1). The results illustrated that the co-pyrolysis process of PS-PP was divided into two distinct decomposition stages. The first stage (170-400 °C) was predominantly linked to PS decomposition. The second stage (400-520 °C) resulted from the combinations of PS and PP's thermal degradations, with the most contribution from PP degradation. With the increase in heating rate, thermogravimetric hysteresis appeared. Kinetic analysis indicated that the co-pyrolysis process reduced the individual pyrolysis activation energy, especially in the second stage, with a correlation coefficient (R2) generally maintained above 0.95. The multi-level reaction mechanism function model can effectively reveal the co-pyrolysis process mechanism. PS proved to be high-quality biomass for co-pyrolysis with PP, and all mixtures exhibited synergistic effects at a mixing ratio of 1:1 (PS1-PP1). This study accomplished effective waste utilization and optimized energy consumption. It holds significance in determining the interaction mechanism of mixed samples in the co-pyrolysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Huang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jiahui Wu
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
| | - Fei Gao
- China-Canada Joint Lab of Food Nutrition and Health (Beijing), Key Laboratory of Special Food Supervision Technology for State Market Regulation, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, 11 Fucheng Road, Beijing 100048, China;
| | - Li Yang
- School of International Studies, Peking University, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, China;
| | - Gang Li
- School of Computer and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China; (Z.H.); (J.W.); (T.Y.); (Z.W.); (T.Z.)
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, No. 11 Fuchenglu, Haidian District, Beijing 100048, China
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Xu S, Li H, Xiao L, Wang M, Feng S, Fan J, Pawliszyn J. Quantitative Determination of Poly(methyl Methacrylate) Micro/Nanoplastics by Cooling-Assisted Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry: Theoretical and Experimental Insights. Anal Chem 2024; 96:2227-2235. [PMID: 38272489 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c05316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Determinations of micro/nanoplastics (MNPs) in environmental samples are essential to assess the extent of their presence in the environment and their potential impact on ecosystems and human health. With the aim to provide a sensitive method with simplified pretreatment steps, cooling-assisted solid-phase microextraction (CA-SPME) coupled to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) is proposed as a new approach to quantify mass concentrations of MNPs in water and soil samples. The herein proposed CA-SPME method offers the unique advantage of integrating the thermal decomposition of MNPs and enrichment of signature compounds into one step. Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was used as a model substance to verify the method performance in this work. Theoretical insights demonstrated that pyrolysis is the rate-determining step during the extraction process and that PMMA is effectively decomposed at 350 °C with an estimated incubation time of 13 min. Eight compounds were identified in the pyrolysis products by CA-SPME-GC-MS with the use of a DVB/CAR/PDMS coating, wherein methyl methacrylate was considered as the best indicator and dimethyl 2-methylenesuccinate was selected as the confirmation compound. Under the optimized conditions, the proposed method exhibited wide linearity (0.5-2000 μg for water and 5-1000 μg for soil) and high sensitivity, with limits of detection of 0.014 and 0.28 μg for water and soil, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied for determinations of PMMA MNPs in real water and soil samples with satisfactory recoveries attained. The method only required the employment of a filter membrane for water analysis, while soil samples were analyzed directly without any pretreatment. The solvent-free approach, straightforward operation, and high sensitivity of the proposed method show great potential for the analysis of MNPs in different environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengrui Xu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Huimin Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Li Xiao
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Suling Feng
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Media and Reactions, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Henan Province for Green Manufacturing of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Jing Fan
- Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environmental Pollution and Control, Ministry of Education, School of Environment, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang 453007, P. R. China
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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