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Saha A, Das BK, Sarkar DJ, Samanta S, Vijaykumar ME, Khan MF, Kayal T, Jana C, Kumar V, Gogoi P, Chowdhury AR. Trace metals and pesticides in water-sediment and associated pollution load indicators of Netravathi-Gurupur estuary, India: Implications on coastal pollution. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 199:115950. [PMID: 38183833 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Various environmental indicators were used to evaluate the water and sediment quality of the Netravathi-Gurupur estuary, India, for trace metals and pesticide pollution. The descended order of studied metal concentrations (μg/L) in the water was Fe (592.71) > Mn (98.35) > Zn (54.69) > Cu (6.64) > Cd (3.24) > Pb (2.38) > Cr (0.82) and in sediment (mg/kg) was Fe (11,396.53) > Mn (100.61) > Cr (75.41) > Zn (20.04) > Cu (12.77) > Pb (3.46) > Cd (0.02). However, pesticide residues were not detected in this estuarine environment. The various metal indexes categorised the water as uncontaminated, whereas contamination factor, enrichment factor, geo-accumulation index, degree of contamination and pollution load index indicated low to moderate sediment contamination. Multivariate statistics showed that the dominance of natural sources of trace metals with little anthropogenic impact. Improvement in water/sediment quality during the study period might be due to COVID-19 imposed lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajoy Saha
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India.
| | - B K Das
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - D J Sarkar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - S Samanta
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - M E Vijaykumar
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - M Feroz Khan
- Regional Centre of ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Bangalore 560 089, India
| | - Tania Kayal
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Chayna Jana
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Vikas Kumar
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
| | - Pranab Gogoi
- ICAR-Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Barrackpore, Kolkata 700 120, India
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Athira TR, Aarif KM, Thomas JA, Alatawi AS, Muzaffar SB, Nefla A, Reshi OR, Jobiraj T, Thejass P. The threat of microplastics: Exploring pollution in coastal ecosystems and migratory shorebirds along the west coast of India. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2024; 198:115912. [PMID: 38113815 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the exposure risk and ingestion of microplastics by migratory shorebirds, which are regarded as apex predators in the coastal ecosystem, this study investigated the ubiquitous presence of microplastics in estuarine and coastal habitats and their potential to be transferred in the food chains. We analysed the presence of microplastics in water, sediment, major macroinvertebrate prey and the guano samples of ten shorebird species from ten important wintering grounds in the west coast of India. Our results revealed that water is the primary source through which microplastics disseminate into various ecosystem components. Microplastic debris in various forms were reported in all samples analysed, with microfibres being the most abundant form. While polyethylene and polypropylene were found as the major microplastic types in water, sediment, and prey samples, polystyrene was most abundant in guano samples. Microplastic transfer and impacts in this delicate ecosystem demand further investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Athira
- Department of Zoology, Government College, Madappally, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode, 670 645, Kerala, India.
| | - K M Aarif
- Terrestrial Ecology, Centre for Environment and Marine Studies, Research & Innovation, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Jeniffer Ann Thomas
- Department of Zoology, Fatima Mata National College, Kollam, University of Kerala, 691001, India
| | - Abdulaziz S Alatawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sabir Bin Muzaffar
- Department of Biology, United Arab Emirates University, 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Science, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, South Kensington, London SW7 5BD, UK
| | - Aymen Nefla
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar II, 2092, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Omer R Reshi
- Sustainability, Centre for Environment and Marine Studies, Research & Innovation, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, 31261, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Jobiraj
- Department of Zoology, Govt College, Kodanchery, Kozhikode, 673580, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kerala, India
| | - P Thejass
- Department of Zoology, Government College, Madappally, Affiliated to University of Calicut, Kozhikode, 670 645, Kerala, India
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