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Plech A, Krause B, Baumbach T, Zakharova M, Eon S, Girmen C, Buth G, Bracht H. Structural and Thermal Characterisation of Nanofilms by Time-Resolved X-ray Scattering. NANOMATERIALS 2019; 9:nano9040501. [PMID: 30939755 PMCID: PMC6523543 DOI: 10.3390/nano9040501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
High time resolution in scattering analysis of thin films allows for determination of thermal conductivity by transient pump-probe detection of dissipation of laser-induced heating, TDXTS. We describe an approach that analyses the picosecond-resolved lattice parameter reaction of a gold transducer layer on pulsed laser heating to determine the thermal conductivity of layered structures below the transducer. A detailed modeling of the cooling kinetics by a Laplace-domain approach allows for discerning effects of conductivity and thermal interface resistance as well as basic depth information. The thermal expansion of the clamped gold film can be calibrated to absolute temperature change and effects of plastic deformation are discriminated. The method is demonstrated on two extreme examples of phononic barriers, isotopically modulated silicon multilayers with very small acoustic impedance mismatch and silicon-molybdenum multilayers, which show a high resistivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Plech
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Bärbel Krause
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Tilo Baumbach
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
- Laboratory for Applications of Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Margarita Zakharova
- Institute of Microstructure Technology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Soizic Eon
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Muenster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Caroline Girmen
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Muenster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Gernot Buth
- Institute for Photon Science and Synchrotron Radiation, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.
| | - Hartmut Bracht
- Institute of Materials Physics, University of Muenster, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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Rudnitzki F, Feineis S, Rahmanzadeh R, Endl E, Lutz J, Groll J, Hüttmann G. siRNA release from gold nanoparticles by nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation and analysis of the involved temperature increase. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700329. [PMID: 29704320 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation can trigger a release of nucleic acids from gold nanoparticles, but the involved nanoeffects are not fully understood yet. Here we investigate the release of coumarin labeled siRNA from 15 to 30 nm gold particles after nanosecond pulsed laser irradiation. Temperatures in the particle and near the surface were calculated for the different radiant exposures. Upon irradiation with laser pulses of 4 nanosecond duration release started for both particle sizes at a calculated temperature increase of approximately 500 K. Maximum coumarin release was observed for 15 nm particles after irradiation with radiant exposure of 80 mJ cm-2 and with 32 mJ cm-2 for 30 nm particles. This corresponds to a temperature increase of 815 and 900 K, respectively. Our results show that the molecular release by nanosecond pulsed irradiation is based on a different mechanism compared to continuous or femtosecond irradiation. Local temperatures are considerably higher and it is expected that bubble formation plays a crucial role in release and damage to cellular structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Rudnitzki
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Susanne Feineis
- Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Elmar Endl
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Johanna Lutz
- Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Groll
- Department and Chair of Functional Materials in Medicine and Dentistry and Bavarian Polymer Institute (BPI), University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gereon Hüttmann
- Institute of Biomedical Optics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Medizinisches Laserzentrum Lübeck GmbH, Lübeck, Germany
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Vasileiadis T, Waldecker L, Foster D, Da Silva A, Zahn D, Bertoni R, Palmer RE, Ernstorfer R. Ultrafast Heat Flow in Heterostructures of Au Nanoclusters on Thin Films: Atomic Disorder Induced by Hot Electrons. ACS NANO 2018; 12:7710-7720. [PMID: 29995378 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We study the ultrafast structural dynamics, in response to electronic excitations, in heterostructures composed of size-selected Au nanoclusters on thin-film substrates with the use of femtosecond electron diffraction. Various forms of atomic motion, such as thermal vibrations, thermal expansion, and lattice disordering, manifest as distinct and quantifiable reciprocal-space observables. In photoexcited supported nanoclusters, thermal equilibration proceeds through intrinsic heat flow between their electrons and their lattice and extrinsic heat flow between the nanoclusters and their substrate. For an in-depth understanding of this process, we have extended the two-temperature model to the case of 0D/2D heterostructures and used it to describe energy flow among the various subsystems, to quantify interfacial coupling constants and to elucidate the role of the optical and thermal substrate properties. When lattice heating of Au nanoclusters is dominated by intrinsic heat flow, a reversible disordering of atomic positions occurs, which is absent when heat is injected as hot substrate phonons. The present analysis indicates that hot electrons can distort the lattice of nanoclusters, even if the lattice temperature is below the equilibrium threshold for surface premelting. Based on simple considerations, the effect is interpreted as activation of surface diffusion due to modifications of the potential energy surface at high electronic temperatures. We discuss the implications of such a process in structural changes during surface chemical reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lutz Waldecker
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Dawn Foster
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Alessandra Da Silva
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy , University of Birmingham , Edgbaston , Birmingham B15 2TT , United Kingdom
| | - Daniela Zahn
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Roman Bertoni
- Fritz-Haber-Institut , Faradayweg 4-6 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Richard E Palmer
- College of Engineering , Swansea University , Bay Campus, Fabian Way, Swansea SA1 8EN , United Kingdom
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Ruan CY, Murooka Y, Raman RK, Murdick RA. Dynamics of size-selected gold nanoparticles studied by ultrafast electron nanocrystallography. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1290-6. [PMID: 17397235 DOI: 10.1021/nl070269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the studies of ultrafast electron nanocrystallography on size-selected Au nanoparticles (2-20 nm) supported on a molecular interface. Reversible surface melting, melting, and recrystallization were investigated with dynamical full-profile radial distribution functions determined with subpicosecond and picometer accuracies. In an ultrafast photoinduced melting, the nanoparticles are driven to a nonequilibrium transformation, characterized by the initial lattice deformations, nonequilibrium electron-phonon coupling, and, upon melting, the collective bonding and debonding, transforming nanocrystals into shelled nanoliquids. The displasive structural excitation at premelting and the coherent transformation with crystal/liquid coexistence during photomelting differ from the reciprocal behavior of recrystallization, where a hot lattice forms from liquid and then thermally contracts. The degree of structural change and the thermodynamics of melting are found to depend on the size of nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Yu Ruan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA.
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Plech A, Cerna R, Kotaidis V, Hudert F, Bartels A, Dekorsy T. A surface phase transition of supported gold nanoparticles. NANO LETTERS 2007; 7:1026-31. [PMID: 17352505 DOI: 10.1021/nl070187t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
A thermal phase transition has been resolved in gold nanoparticles supported on a surface. By use of asynchronous optical sampling with coupled femtosecond oscillators, the Lamb vibrational modes could be resolved as a function of annealing temperature. At a temperature of 104 degrees C the damping rate and phase changes abruptly, indicating a structural transition in the particle, which is explained as the onset of surface melting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Plech
- Department of Physics and Center for Applied Photonics, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstrasse 10, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany.
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Plech A, Kotaidis V, Wulff M, Dahmen C, Plessen GV. Light-induced structural phase behaviour of metal nanoparticle materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/21/1/008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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