1
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Zhou Y, Liu H, Jin X, Xing X, Wang X, Wang G, Zhou M. Significant π Bonding in Coinage Metal Complexes OCTMCCO- from Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:014302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0099789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of coinage metal complexes in the form of TMC(CO)n- (TM=Cu, Ag, Au; n = 0-3) were generated using a laser ablation-supersonic expansion ion source in the gas phase. Mass-selected infrared photodissociation spectroscopy in conjunction with quantum chemical calculations indicated that the TMC(CO)3- complexes contain a linear OCTMCCO- core anion. Bonding analyses suggest that the linear OCTMCCO- anions are better described as the bonding interactions between a singlet ground state TM+ metal cation and the OC/CCO2- ligands in the singlet ground state. Besides the strong ligands to metal σ donation bonding components, the π-bonding components also contribute significantly to the metal-ligands bonding due to the synergetic effects of the CO and CCO2- ligands. The strengths of the bonding of the three metals show a V-shaped trend in which the second-row transition metal Ag exhibits the weakest interactions whereas the third-row transition metal Au has the strongest interactions due to the relativistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Xiaopeng Xing
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, China
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2
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Centoducatte R, de Oliveira A, Jorge F, Camiletti G. ZORA double zeta basis sets for fifth row elements: Application in studies of electronic structures of atoms and molecules. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2021.113511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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3
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Tiwari M, Ramachandran C. Hydracyanation of acetylene on carbon intercalated gold clusters: Co-operativity and site specificity. Chem Phys Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2020.138059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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4
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Theoretical investigation on interactions between coinage-metal and IIIA-atom. J Mol Model 2020; 26:227. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-020-04504-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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5
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H2 adsorptions to CuRg (Rg = He-Kr) cation I and II series. J Mol Model 2019; 25:288. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Tiwari M, Vinit, Ramachandran C. Catalytic reduction of SO2 by CO using carbon intercalated gold clusters. Chem Phys Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2019.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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7
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León I, Ruipérez F, Ugalde JM, Wang LS. Probing the structures and bonding of auropolyynes, Au-(C≡C) n -Au - ( n = 1-3), using high-resolution photoelectron imaging. J Chem Phys 2018; 149:144307. [PMID: 30316290 DOI: 10.1063/1.5040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
We report an investigation of a series of auropolyynes, Au-(C≡C) n -Au- (n = 1-3), using high-resolution photoelectron imaging and ab initio calculations. Vibrationally resolved photoelectron spectra are obtained, allowing the electron affinities of Au-(C≡C) n -Au to be accurately measured as 1.651(1), 1.715(1), and 1.873(1) eV for n = 1-3, respectively. Both the Au-C symmetric stretching and a bending vibrational frequency are observed for each neutral auropolyyne. Theoretical calculations find that the ground state of Au2C2 - has a linear acetylenic Au-C≡C-Au- structure, whereas the asymmetric Au-Au-C≡C- structure is a low-lying isomer. However, for Au2C4 - and Au2C6 -, our calculations show that the asymmetric Au-Au-(C≡C) n - isomers are the global minima and the Au-(C≡C) n -Au- symmetric structures become low-lying isomers. All the asymmetric Au-Au-(C≡C) n - isomers are found computationally to have much higher electron binding energies and are not accessible at the detachment photon energies used in the current study. For neutral Au2C2n , the Au-(C≡C) n -Au auropolyyne structures are found to be the global minima for n = 1-3. The electronic structures and bonding for Au-(C≡C) n -Au (n = 1-3) are compared with the corresponding Au-(C≡C) n and Au-(C≡C) n -H species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker León
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
| | - Fernando Ruipérez
- POLYMAT, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Joxe Mari Korta Center, Avda. Tolosa 72, 20018 Donostia/San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080 Donostia, Euskadi, Spain
| | - Lai-Sheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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8
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León I, Ruipérez F, Ugalde JM, Wang LS. Probing the electronic structure and Au—C chemical bonding in AuCn− and AuCnH− (n = 2, 4, and 6) using high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. J Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4960440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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9
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Grabowski SJ, Ugalde JM, Andrada DM, Frenking G. Comparison of Hydrogen and Gold Bonding in [XHX](-) , [XAuX](-) , and Isoelectronic [NgHNg](+) , [NgAuNg](+) (X=Halogen, Ng=Noble Gas). Chemistry 2016; 22:11317-28. [PMID: 27381200 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201601392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations at the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ and CCSD(T)/aug-cc-pVTZ levels have been carried out for the title compounds. The electronic structures were analyzed with a variety of charge and energy partitioning methods. All molecules possess linear equilibrium structures with D∞h symmetry. The total bond dissociation energies (BDEs) of the strongly bonded halogen anions [XHX](-) and [XAuX](-) decrease from [FHF](-) to [IHI](-) and from [FAuF](-) to [IAuI](-) . The BDEs of the noble gas compounds [NgHNg](+) and [NgAuNg](+) become larger for the heavier atoms. The central hydrogen and gold atoms carry partial positive charges in the cations and even in the anions, except for [IAuI](-) , in which case the gold atom has a small negative charge of -0.03 e. The molecular electrostatic potentials reveal that the regions of the most positive or negative charges may not agree with the partial charges of the atoms, because the spatial distribution of the electronic charge needs to be considered. The bonding analysis with the QTAIM method suggests a significant covalent character for the hydrogen bonds to the noble gas atoms in [NgHNg](+) and to the halogen atoms in [XHX](-) . The covalent character of the bonding in the gold systems [NgAuNg](+) and [XAuX](-) is smaller than in the hydrogen compound. The energy decomposition analysis suggests that the lighter hydrogen systems possess dative bonds X(-) →H(+) ←X(-) or Ng→H(+) ←Ng while the heavier homologues exhibit electron sharing through two-electron, three-center bonds. Dative bonds X(-) →Au(+) ←X(-) and Ng→Au(+) ←Ng are also diagnosed for the lighter gold systems, but the heavier compounds possess electron-shared bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sławomir J Grabowski
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Maria Diaz de Haro 3, 48013, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Jesus M Ugalde
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain.
| | - Diego M Andrada
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gernot Frenking
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), P.K. 1072, 20080, Donostia, Euskadi, Spain. .,Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Strasse 1, 35032, Marburg, Germany.
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10
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Hou XF, Yan LL, Huang T, Hong Y, Miao SK, Peng XQ, Liu YR, Huang W. A density functional theory study on structures, stabilities, and electronic and magnetic properties of Au C (n= 1–9) clusters. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Li X, Geng ZD. Investigation into the metallophilic interaction in coinage-metal halides: an ab initio study of CMX (CM = Cu and Ag, X = F - I). J Mol Model 2015. [PMID: 26198269 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2745-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of the metallophilic interactions of the title coinage-metal halide series, CMX (CM = Ag and Cu, X = F - I), and their cationic and anionic systems, were performed at CCSD(T) theoretical level with extended basis sets. Natural bond orbital analysis shows that the interactions come mainly from the overlap of the sp hybrid on the halogen and the spd hybrid on the coinage-metal atom. Electron density deformation analysis demonstrates a pronounced electron accumulation in the interaction region between the heavier X and the coinage-metal atoms, and suggests a covalent character of the interaction. Positive Laplacian values and negative total energy densities at bond critical points (BCPs) show the "intermediate" character of the interactions. Reduced density gradient analysis visualizes the interaction; a linear relationship between energy densities and eigenvalues can be found at BCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Institute for Computational Materials Science, School of Physics and Electronics, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People's Republic of China,
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12
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Zhang R, Steimle TC, Cheng L, Stanton JF. The permanent electric dipole moment of gold chloride, AuCl. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2014.996619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Martins L, Jorge F, Machado S. All-electron segmented contraction basis sets of triple zeta valence quality for the fifth-row elements. Mol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2015.1040095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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14
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Li X. Metalophilic interaction in gold halide: Quantum chemical study of AuX (X = Fat). J Comput Chem 2014; 35:923-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jcc.23577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2013] [Revised: 01/24/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinying Li
- Institute for Computational Materials Science; School of Physics and Electronics; Henan University; Kaifeng 475004 People's Republic of China
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15
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Probing the nature of gold-carbon bonding in gold-alkynyl complexes. Nat Commun 2014; 4:2223. [PMID: 23887799 PMCID: PMC5882230 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 06/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Homogeneous catalysis by gold involves organogold complexes as precatalysts and
reaction intermediates. Fundamental knowledge of the gold–carbon bonding is
critical to understanding the catalytic mechanisms. However, limited spectroscopic
information is available about organogolds that are relevant to gold catalysts. Here
we report an investigation of the gold–carbon bonding in
gold(I)–alkynyl complexes using photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical
calculations. We find that the gold–carbon bond in the
ClAu–CCH− complex represents one of the strongest
gold–ligand bonds—even stronger than the known gold–carbon
multiple bonds, revealing an inverse correlation between bond strength and bond
order. The gold–carbon bond in LAuCCH− is found to
depend on the ancillary ligands and becomes stronger for more electronegative
ligands. The strong gold–carbon bond underlies the catalytic aptness of gold
complexes for the facile formation of terminal alkynyl–gold intermediates and
activation of the carbon–carbon triple bond. Fundamental understanding of gold–carbon bonding in homogeneous
catalysts is vital for improved catalyst design, although spectroscopic information is
limited. Here, the authors probe the bonding in gold–alkyne complexes using a
combination of photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio calculations.
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16
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Naumkin FY. Shape and property alteration of small silver clusters via doping by carbon: CAgn (n⩽6). COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Hansmann MM, Pernpointner M, Döpp R, Hashmi ASK. A Theoretical DFT-Based and Experimental Study of the Transmetalation Step in Au/Pd-Mediated Cross-Coupling Reactions. Chemistry 2013; 19:15290-303. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201301840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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18
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Ramachandran CN, Naumkin FY. Structure and properties of small aurocarbons: a selective study. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:6803-8. [PMID: 23889267 DOI: 10.1021/jp4035858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gold clusters are versatile catalysts, and adding nonmetal dopants can allow tuning of their electronic properties via both shape and composition alteration. In the present work, mixed clusters of carbon and gold atoms are studied in terms of structure, stability, and the correlation between the shape and electronic properties by using a density functional theory approach. Four series of isomers (hydrocarbon analogues, carbon chains and cycles on gold surface, and carbon cores encapsulated by gold atoms) are investigated, exhibiting variation of the relative stability with the system size. Calculated vertical ionization energies, vertical electron affinities, and HOMO-LUMO energy gaps of the mixed clusters show a considerable change relative to the values for the pure gold clusters, the properties generally altering more strongly for the gold-encapsulated-carbon isomers. Also discussed are the structure, stability, and properties of larger clusters with a few such encapsulated-carbon units, with pronounced effects due to aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Ramachandran
- Faculty of Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, Ontario, Canada L1H7K4
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19
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Wang X, Andrews L, Brosi F, Riedel S. Matrix Infrared Spectroscopy and Quantum-Chemical Calculations for the Coinage-Metal Fluorides: Comparisons of ArAuF, NeAuF, and Molecules MF2and MF3. Chemistry 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201203306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Wang X, Andrews L, Willmann K, Brosi F, Riedel S. Investigation of gold fluorides and noble gas complexes by matrix-isolation spectroscopy and quantum-chemical calculations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012; 51:10628-32. [PMID: 23001952 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Noble with a difference: Matrix-isolation experiments and quantum-chemical calculations have led to the characterization of two new compounds, namely first open-shell binary gold fluoride, AuF(2), and a NeAuF complex. Moreover, ArAuF, AuF(3), Au(2)F(6), and monomeric AuF(5) have been produced and identified under cryogenic conditions in neon and argon matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
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21
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Wang X, Andrews L, Willmann K, Brosi F, Riedel S. Untersuchung von Goldfluoriden und ihren Edelgaskomplexen durch Matrixisolationsspektroskopie und quantenchemische Rechnungen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201205072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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22
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Hill JG, Peterson KA. Explicitly Correlated Coupled Cluster Calculations for Molecules Containing Group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) and 12 (Zn, Cd, Hg) Elements: Optimized Complementary Auxiliary Basis Sets for Valence and Core–Valence Basis Sets. J Chem Theory Comput 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ct200856f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Grant Hill
- Department of Chemistry,
Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
| | - Kirk A. Peterson
- Department of Chemistry,
Washington State University,
Pullman, Washington 99164, United States
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23
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Chemical accuracy in ab initio thermochemistry and spectroscopy: current strategies and future challenges. Theor Chem Acc 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-011-1079-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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24
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Leyva-Pérez A, Doménech A, Al-Resayes SI, Corma A. Gold Redox Catalytic Cycles for the Oxidative Coupling of Alkynes. ACS Catal 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/cs200532c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Leyva-Pérez
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda.
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Antonio Doménech
- Departament de Química
Analítica, Universitat de Valencia, Dr. Moliner, 50, 46100 Burjassot (Valencia), Spain
| | - Saud I. Al-Resayes
- Chemistry Department, College
of Science, King Saud University, P.O.
Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Avelino Corma
- Instituto de Tecnología
Química, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Avda.
de los Naranjos s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
- Chemistry Department, College
of Science, King Saud University, P.O.
Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Xinying L, Xue C. Interaction and Electron Density Properties of MKr42+ (M=Cu, Ag and Au): ab initio Calculation. Aust J Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1071/ch10373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations of the structures and stabilities of the MKr42+ series at the CCSD(T) theoretical level have been performed. The role of the interaction was investigated using the natural bond orbital (NBO), Laplacian, electron density deformation, electron localization function and reduced density gradient analysis. The results show that a covalent contribution occurs in the Kr-M2+ bonding.
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26
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Puzzarini C. Extrapolation to the complete basis set limit of structural parameters: comparison of different approaches. J Phys Chem A 2010; 113:14530-5. [PMID: 19799385 DOI: 10.1021/jp9040327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
For the first time, different procedures for extrapolating structural parameters to the complete basis set limit are compared. More precisely, a well-tested scheme, based on extrapolated gradients, is employed for validating the extrapolation procedure directly applied to geometrical parameters by means of different extrapolation functions. For this purpose, a set of small systems (mostly triatomics), also containing second-row elements, has been chosen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Puzzarini
- Dipartimento di Chimica G. Ciamician, Università degli Studi di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, I-40126 Bologna, Italy.
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27
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28
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Ticknor BW, Bandyopadhyay B, Duncan MA. Photodissociation of Noble Metal-Doped Carbon Clusters. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:12355-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp807867r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B. W. Ticknor
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - B. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
| | - M. A. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-2556
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29
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Gavin Williams T, Wilson AK. Importance of the quality of metal and ligand basis sets in transition metal species. J Chem Phys 2008; 129:054108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2951990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Pantazis DA, Chen XY, Landis CR, Neese F. All-Electron Scalar Relativistic Basis Sets for Third-Row Transition Metal Atoms. J Chem Theory Comput 2008; 4:908-19. [DOI: 10.1021/ct800047t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 872] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Xian-Yang Chen
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Clark R. Landis
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Frank Neese
- Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie, Institut für Physikalische und Theoretische Chemie, Universität Bonn, Wegelerstrasse 12, D-53115 Bonn, Germany, and Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1101 University Avenue, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
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31
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Belpassi L, Infante I, Tarantelli F, Visscher L. The chemical bond between Au(I) and the noble gases. Comparative study of NgAuF and NgAu+ (Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe) by density functional and coupled cluster methods. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:1048-60. [PMID: 18161976 DOI: 10.1021/ja0772647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 207] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The nature of the chemical bond between gold and the noble gases in the simplest prototype of Au(I) complexes (NgAuF and NgAu+, where Ng = Ar, Kr, Xe), has been theoretically investigated by state of art all-electron fully relativistic DC-CCSD(T) and DFT calculations with extended basis sets. The main properties of the molecules, including dipole moments and polarizabilities, have been computed and a detailed study of the electron density changes upon formation of the Ng-Au bond has been made. The Ar-Au dissociation energy is found to be nearly the same in both Argon compounds. It almost doubles along the NgAuF series and nearly triples in the corresponding NgAu+ series. The formation of the Ng-Au(I) bonds is accompanied by a large and very complex charge redistribution pattern which not only affects the outer valence region but reaches deep into the core-electron region. The charge transfer from the noble gas to Au taking place in the NgAu+ systems is largely reduced in the fluorides but the Ng-Au chemical bond in the latter systems is found to be tighter near the equilibrium distance. The density difference analysis shows, for all three noble gases, a qualitatively identical nature of the Ng-Au bond, characterized by the pronounced charge accumulation in the middle of the Ng-Au internuclear region which is typical of a covalent bond. This bonding density accumulation is more pronounced in the fluorides, where the Au-F bond is found to become more ionic, while the overall density deformation is more evident and less localized in the NgAu+ systems. Accurate density difference maps and charge-transfer curves help explain very subtle features of the chemistry of Au(I), including its peculiar preference for tight linear bicordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Belpassi
- Dipartimento di Chimica e I.S.T.M.-C.N.R., Universita' di Perugia, Italy.
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Shepler BC, Wright AD, Balabanov NB, Peterson KA. Aqueous Microsolvation of Mercury Halide Species†. J Phys Chem A 2007; 111:11342-9. [PMID: 17595065 DOI: 10.1021/jp072093d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The effects of aqueous solvation on the thermochemistry of reactions between mercury and small halogen molecules has been investigated by the microsolvation approach using ab initio and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The structures, vibrational frequencies, and binding energies of 1, 2, and 3 water molecules with mercury-halide (HgBr2, HgBrCl, HgCl2, HgBr, and HgCl) and related mercury and halogen species (Br2, BrCl, Cl2, Cl, Hg, and Br) have been computed with second order Møller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) and the B3LYP density functional method. Accurate incremental water binding energies have been obtained at the complete basis set (CBS) limit using sequences of correlation consistent basis sets, including higher order correlation effects estimated from coupled cluster calculations. The resulting energetics were used to calculate the influence of water molecules on the thermochemistry of a number of reactions between mercury and small halogen-containing molecules. In general, the presence of water favors the formation of oxidized mercury halide species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Shepler
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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Shepler BC, Peterson KA. Chemically Accurate Thermochemistry of Cadmium: An ab Initio Study of Cd + XY (X = H, O, Cl, Br; Y = Cl, Br). J Phys Chem A 2006; 110:12321-9. [PMID: 17078631 DOI: 10.1021/jp063771j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Using a composite coupled cluster method employing sequences of correlation consistent basis sets for complete basis set (CBS) extrapolations and with explicit treatment of core-valence correlation and scalar and spin-orbit relativistic effects, the 0 K enthalpies of a wide range of cadmium-halide reactions, namely, Cd + (HCl, HBr, ClO, BrO, Cl2, BrCl, Br2) have been determined to an estimated accuracy of +/-1 kcal/mol. In addition, accurate equilibrium geometries, harmonic frequencies, and dissociation energies have been calculated at the same level of theory for all the diatomic (e.g., CdH, CdO, CdCl, CdBr) and triatomic (CdHCl, CdHBr, CdClO, CdBrO, CdCl2, CdBrCl, CdBr2) species involved in these reactions, some for the very first time. Like their mercury analogues, all of the abstraction reactions are predicted to be endothermic, while the insertion reactions are strongly exothermic with the formation of stable linear, Cd-centric complexes. With the exception of CdH and the reactions involving this species, the present results for the remaining Cd-containing systems are believed to be the most accurate to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin C Shepler
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630, USA
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Systematically convergent basis sets for transition metals. II. Pseudopotential-based correlation consistent basis sets for the group 11 (Cu, Ag, Au) and 12 (Zn, Cd, Hg) elements. Theor Chem Acc 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-005-0681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 955] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Tsipis AC, Tsipis CA. Ligand-Stabilized Aromatic Three-Membered Gold Rings and Their Sandwichlike Complexes. J Am Chem Soc 2005; 127:10623-38. [PMID: 16045350 DOI: 10.1021/ja051415t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Electronic structure calculations (DFT) suggest that ligand-stabilized three-membered gold(I) rings constituting the core structure in a series of cyclo-Au3L(n)H(3-n) (L = CH3, NH2, OH and Cl; n = 1, 2, 3) molecules exhibit aromaticity, which is primarily due to 6s and 5d cyclic electron delocalization over the triangular Au3 framework (s- and d-orbital aromaticity). The aromaticity of the novel triangular gold(I) isocycles was verified by a number of established criteria of aromaticity. In particular, the nucleus-independent chemical shift, NICS(0), the upfield changes in the chemical shifts for Li+, Ag+, and Tl+ cations over the Au3 ring plane, and their interaction with electrophiles (e.g., H+, Li+, Ag+, and Tl+) are indicative for the aromaticity of the three-membered gold(I) rings. Interestingly, unlike the respective substituted derivatives of cyclopropenium cation and the bora-cyclopropene carbacyclic analogues, the aromatic Au3 rings, although exhibit comparable diatropicity, react with electrophiles in a different way affording 1:1 and 2:1 sandwichlike complexes. The bonding in the three-membered gold(I) rings is characterized by a common ring-shaped electron density, more commonly seen in aromatic organic molecules and in "all-metal" aromatics, such as the cyclo-[Hg3]4- tetraanion. Moreover, the cation-pi interactions in the 1:1 and 1:2 sandwichlike complexes formed upon reacting the Au3 rings with electrophiles, depending on the nature of the cation, are predicted to be predominantly electrostatic (Li+, Tl+) or covalent (H+, Ag+). The 1:2 complexes constitute a new class of sandwichlike complexes, which are expected to have novel properties and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athanassios C Tsipis
- Laboratory of Inorganic and General Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Ioannnina, Ioannina 451 10, Greece
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