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Chaudhry AR, Alhujaily M, Muhammad S, Elbadri GA, Belali TM, Al-Sehemi AG. Insighting the optoelectronic, charge transfer and biological potential of benzo-thiadiazole and its derivatives. Z NATURFORSCH C 2022; 77:403-415. [PMID: 35438853 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation applies the dual approach containing quantum chemical and molecular docking techniques to explore the potential of benzothiadiazole (BTz) and its derivatives as efficient electronic and bioactive materials. The charge transport, electronic and optical properties of BTz derivatives are explored by quantum chemical techniques. The density functional theory (DFT) and time dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at B3LYP/6-31G** level of theory utilized to optimize BTz and newly designed ligands at the ground and first excited states, respectively. The heteroatoms substitution effects on different properties of 4,7-bis(4-methylthiophene-2yl) benzo[c] [1,2,5]thiadiazole (BTz2T) as initial compound are studied at molecular level. Additionally, we also study the possible inhibition potential of COVID-19 from benzothiadiazole (BTz) containing derivatives by implementing the grid based molecular docking methods. All the newly designed ligands docked with the main protease (MPRO:PDB ID 6LU7) protein of COVID-19 through molecular docking methods. The studied compounds showed strong binding affinities with the binding site of MPRO ranging from -6.9 to -7.4 kcal/mol. Furthermore, the pharmacokinetic properties of the ligands are also studied. The analysis of these results indicates that the studied ligands might be promising drug candidates as well as suitable for photovoltaic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 334, Saudi Arabia.,Deanship of Scientific Research, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 551, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhanad Alhujaily
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Gamal A Elbadri
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Bisha, Bisha 61922, P.O. Box 334, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tareg M Belali
- Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Bisha, 255, Al Nakhil, Bisha 67714, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, P.O. Box 9004, Saudi Arabia
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Irfan A, Imran M, Thomas R, Basra MAR, Ullah S, Al-Sehemi AG, Assiri MA. Exploring the effect of oligothiophene and acene cores on the optoelectronic properties and enhancing p- and n-type ability of semiconductor materials. J Sulphur Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/17415993.2020.1830401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Renjith Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, St Berchmans College (Autonomous), Kerala, India
| | | | - Sami Ullah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Assiri
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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Suma N, Aruldhas D, Hubert Joe I, Balachandran S, Anuf AR, Sasi A, George J. Vibrational spectra, hydrogen bonding analysis and herbicidal activity study of mefenacet: A DFT approach. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Chaudhry AR, Muhammad S, Ul Haq B, Laref A, Shaari A, Gilani MA. Exploring the opto-electronic and charge transfer nature of F-BODIPY derivatives at molecular level: A theoretical perspective. Chem Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2019.110488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Hailu YM, Nguyen MT, Jiang JC. Effects of the terminal donor unit in dyes with D-D-π-A architecture on the regeneration mechanism in DSSCs: a computational study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:23564-23577. [PMID: 30187074 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03821j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This theoretical study on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) includes design strategies for dye donor units to improve the efficiency of DSSCs, and further illuminates the organic dye regeneration mechanism. We have designed a series of new organic sensitizers based on a D-D-π-A architecture to exhibit easy electron transfer and to have remarkable light harvesting properties in the visible region by density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent (TD)-DFT calculations. Furthermore, the interaction of the organic sensitizers with the conventional redox electrolyte using the triiodide/iodide couple (I3-/I-) is investigated. Our calculations indicate that incorporation of strong electron-donating groups remarkably improves the charge transfer characteristics, optoelectronic properties and rapid dye regeneration as compared to less electron donating substituents. In addition, our study demonstrates the possibility of second electron injection from the oxidized dye complex to the semiconductor surface, which further confirms our recently proposed dye regeneration mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yohannes Mulugeta Hailu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Irfan A, Rasool Chaudhry A, G. Al-Sehemi A, Sultan Al-Asiri M, Muhammad S, Kalam A. Investigating the effect of acene-fusion and trifluoroacetyl substitution on the electronic and charge transport properties by density functional theory. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Chaudhry AR, Ahmed R, Irfan A, Shaari A, Isa ARM, Muhammad S, Al-Sehemi AG. Effect of donor strength of extended alkyl auxiliary groups on optoelectronic and charge transport properties of novel naphtha[2,1-b:6,5-b']difuran derivatives: simple yet effective strategy. J Mol Model 2015; 21:199. [PMID: 26177706 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2743-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The present study spotlights the designing of new derivatives of 2,7-bis (4-octylphenyl) naphtho [2,1-b:6,5-b'] difuran (C8-DPNDF) by substituting the alkyl groups (methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, and heptyl groups) at para position. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) methods are employed to optimize the molecular structures in ground and first excited states, respectively. Several electro-optical properties including hole/electron reorganization energies (λh/λe), electron affinities (EAs), ionization potentials (IPs), molecular electrostatic potentials (MEP), and frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs) have been evaluated. Furthermore their transfer integrals and intrinsic mobilities values have also been calculated. From this study, it is found that hole mobility of octyl containing derivative is raised to 4.69 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). Moreover with attaching octyl group, hole transfer integral values have also been enhanced in newly designed derivatives. The balanced hole and electron reorganization energies, and improved transfer integrals lead to enhanced mobility in derivatives with octyl group, highlighting them as an efficient hole transfer material. Unlike the other electro-optical properties, the intrinsic hole mobility has increased because of transfer integral values of octyl containing derivative C8-DPNDF due to the dense and close crystal packing of C8-DPNDF. However, photostability of furan-based materials has not changed by increasing length of extended alkyl chain. Thus our present investigation highlights the importance of alkyl auxiliary groups that are often neglected/replaced with simple methyl group to save computation costs. Graphical Abstract The hole and electron reorganization energies of naphtho[2,1-b:6,5-b']difuran derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310, Johor, Malaysia,
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DFT investigations of the ground and excited state geometries of the benzothiazine and benzisothiazol based anticancer drugs. JOURNAL OF SAUDI CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jscs.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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An electro-optical and electron injection study of benzothiazole-based squaraine dyes as efficient dye-sensitized solar cell materials: a first principles study. J Mol Model 2014; 20:2517. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-014-2517-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Chaudhry AR, Ahmed R, Irfan A, Muhammad S, Shaari A, Al-Sehemi AG. Effect of heteroatoms substitution on electronic, photophysical and charge transfer properties of naphtha [2,1-b:6,5-b′] difuran analogues by density functional theory. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2014.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Red and yellow color aspects of compound 3-dicyclopropylmethylene-5-dicyanomethylene-4-diphenylmethylenetetrahydrofuran-2-one: Chromism effect. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Push–pull effect on the electronic, optical and charge transport properties of the benzo[2,3-b]thiophene derivatives as efficient multifunctional materials. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2013.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Chaudhry AR, Ahmed R, Irfan A, Muhammad S, Shaari A, Al-Sehemi AG. Influence of push–pull configuration on the electro-optical and charge transport properties of novel naphtho-difuran derivatives: a DFT study. RSC Adv 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ra05850j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
By a push–pull strategy, highly efficient and photostable naphtho-difuran derivatives were designed to get improved intrinsic electron mobility (1.13 cm2 V−1 s−1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aijaz Rasool Chaudhry
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Physics
| | - R. Ahmed
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shabbir Muhammad
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Shaari
- Department of Physics
- Faculty of Science
- Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
- 81310 Johor, Malaysia
| | - Abdullah G. Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- King Khalid University
- Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Science and Technology
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Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG, Al-Assiri MS. The effect of donors–acceptors on the charge transfer properties and tuning of emitting color for thiophene, pyrimidine and oligoacene based compounds. J Fluor Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfluchem.2013.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Chen WT, Chen YJ, Wu CS, Lin JJ, Su WL, Chen SH, Wang SP. Two new blue-phosphorescent Ir(III) cyclometalated complexes demonstrating the pushing-up effects of amino on levels of Pi-type molecular orbitals. Inorganica Chim Acta 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2013.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Irfan A, Al-Sehemi AG, Al-Assiri MS. Modeling of multifunctional donor-bridge-acceptor 4,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrimidine derivatives: A first principles study. J Mol Graph Model 2013; 44:168-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Al-Sehemi AG, Irfan A, Fouda AM. Synthesis, characterization and density functional theory investigations of the electronic, photophysical and charge transfer properties of donor-bridge-acceptor triaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine dyes. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 111:223-229. [PMID: 23648968 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We have synthesized multifunctional dyes 3-(4-methyl-phenylazo)-6-(4-nitro-phenylazo)-2,5,7-triaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (4a) and 3-(4-methyl-phenylazo)-6-(4-acetyl-phenylazo)-2,5,7-triaminopyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine (4b), then characterized by IR, (1)H NMR and (13)C NMR techniques. The ground state geometries have been computed by using density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(*) level of theory. The absorption spectra have been calculated by using time dependent density functional theory with and without solvent. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) are delocalized and localized on throughout the backbone, respectively. Solvent also play important role towards elevating the dipole moment. Significant red shift in absorption wavelengths have been observed in methanol compared to without solvent. We discussed the electron injection, electronic coupling constant and light harvesting efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah G Al-Sehemi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
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Irfan A, Jin R, Al-Sehemi AG, Asiri AM. Quantum chemical study of the donor-bridge-acceptor triphenylamine based sensitizers. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 110:60-66. [PMID: 23557773 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 02/20/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical calculations were carried to investigate the electron coupling, electron injection, electronic and photophysical properties of 2-cyano-5-(4-(phenyl(4-vinylphenyl)amino)phenyl) penta-2,4-dienoic acid (TC4) and its derivatives. Geometries have been optimized by using density functional theory at B3LYP/6-31G(**) level of theory. The highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) are delocalized on triphenylamine (TPA) units while lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals LUMOs are localized on anchoring groups. The mono-methyl is more significant to lowering the energy gap than di and tri-methyl substituted ones. The HOMOs of the dyes are below the redox couple and LUMOs are above the conduction band of TiO2. We have explained the recombination barrier on the basis of distortion and coplanarity. The excitation energies have been computed by time dependent density functional theory at PCM-CAM-B3LYP/6-31G(**) level of theory. Enhanced bridge is encouraging to promote the electron injection, electronic coupling constant and light harvesting efficiency. Generally, electron injection, electronic coupling constant and light harvesting efficiency of new designed sensitizers are higher than TC4. This revealed that new materials would be efficient photosensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Irfan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia.
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Quantum chemical study in the direction to design efficient donor-bridge-acceptor triphenylamine sensitizers with improved electron injection. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4893-900. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2012] [Accepted: 05/28/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Irfan A, Hina N, Al-Sehemi AG, Asiri AM. Quantum chemical investigations aimed at modeling highly efficient zinc porphyrin dye sensitized solar cells. J Mol Model 2012; 18:4199-207. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/29/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Donor-enhanced bridge effect on the electronic properties of triphenylamine based dyes: density functional theory investigations. J Mol Model 2012; 18:3609-15. [PMID: 22350297 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1372-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Accepted: 01/30/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The geometries have been optimized by using density functional theory. The highest occupied molecular orbitals are delocalized on triphenylamine moiety while lowest unoccupied molecular orbital are localized on anchoring group. Intramolecular charge transfer has been observed from highest occupied molecular orbitals to lowest unoccupied molecular orbital. By replacing the vinyl hydrogens with methoxy as well as one benzene ring as bridge leads to a raised energy gap while extending the bridge decreases the energy gap compared to parent molecule. The HOMO energies bump up by extending the bridge. The LUMO energies of all the investigated dyes are above the conduction band of TiO(2) and HOMOs are below the redox couple except 3c. The distortion between anchoring group and triphenylamine can hamper the recombination reaction.
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Zlojutro V, Sun Y, Hudson ZM, Wang S. Triarylboron-functionalized 8-hydroxyquinolines and their aluminium(iii) complexes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:3837-9. [PMID: 21321693 DOI: 10.1039/c0cc04573j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Zlojutro
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston, Ontario, Canada K7L 3N6
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Irfan A, Cui R, Zhang J, Nadeem M. Designing of Disubstituted Derivatives of mer-Alq3: Quantum Theoretical Study. Aust J Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1071/ch09491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Different disubstituted derivatives of tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (mer-Alq3) have been designed. An electron donating group (–CH3) has been substituted at position 4; along with electron withdrawing groups (–Cl, –CN, and –F) at position 5 (i.e. tris(4-X-5-Y-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium), as well as the molecules arising from reversion of these substitutions. The designed systems have been optimized at the B3LYP/6–31G* and TD-B3LYP/6–31G* level of theories, in the ground and excited states, respectively. The absorption and emission spectra have been calculated at the TD-B3LYP/6–31G* level. A significant blue shift has been observed for tris(4-methyl-5-cyano-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (2), and red shifts for each of tris(4-methyl-5-fluoro-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (3), tris(4-chloro-5-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (4), and tris(4-cyano-5-methyl-8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminium (5). The reorganization energy in solvent best elucidates the charge transport behaviour (p- or n-type), rather than the equivalent gas phase for mer-Alq3 and its derivatives. The reorganization energies indicate that these new derivatives have better or comparable mobility when compared to the parent molecule. The electrostatic surface potential study suggested that photostability would be enhanced. On the basis of energy decomposition analysis, we have explained the distribution pattern of frontier molecular orbitals.
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