1
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Song X, Yang S, Wang G, Lin J, Wang L, Meier T, Yang W. Control of the electron dynamics in solid-state high harmonic generation on ultrafast time scales by a polarization-skewed laser pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:18862-18870. [PMID: 37381316 DOI: 10.1364/oe.491418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Since high-order harmonic generation (HHG) from atoms depends sensitively on the polarization of the driving laser field, the polarization gating (PG) technique was developed and applied successfully to generate isolated attosecond pulses from atomic gases. The situation is, however, different in solid-state systems as it has been demonstrated that due to collisions with neighboring atomic cores of the crystal lattice strong HHG can be generated even by elliptically- and circularly-polarized laser fields. Here we apply PG to solid-state systems and find that the conventional PG technique is inefficient for the generation of isolated ultrashort harmonic pulse bursts. In contrast, we demonstrate that a polarization-skewed laser pulse is able to confine the harmonic emission to a time window of less than one-tenth of the laser cycle. This method provides a novel way to control HHG and to generate isolated attosecond pulses in solids.
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2
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Filus Z, Ye P, Csizmadia T, Grósz T, Gulyás Oldal L, De Marco M, Füle M, Kahaly S, Varjú K, Major B. Liquid-cooled modular gas cell system for high-order harmonic generation using high average power laser systems. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2022; 93:073002. [PMID: 35922325 DOI: 10.1063/5.0097788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We present the design and implementation of a new, modular gas target suitable for high-order harmonic generation using high average power lasers. To ensure thermal stability in this high heat load environment, we implement an appropriate liquid cooling system. The system can be used in multiple-cell configurations, allowing us to control the cell length and aperture size. The cell design was optimized with heat and flow simulations for thermal characteristics, vacuum compatibility, and generation medium properties. Finally, the cell system was experimentally validated by conducting high-order harmonic generation measurements using the 100 kHz high average power HR-1 laser system at the Extreme Light Infrastructure Attosecond Light Pulse Source (ELI ALPS) facility. Such a robust, versatile, and stackable gas cell arrangement can easily be adapted to different experimental geometries in both table-top laboratory systems and user-oriented facilities, such as ELI ALPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltán Filus
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Peng Ye
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Tamás Csizmadia
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Tímea Grósz
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Lénárd Gulyás Oldal
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Massimo De Marco
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Miklós Füle
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Subhendu Kahaly
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Katalin Varjú
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
| | - Balázs Major
- ELI ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd., Wolfgang Sandner utca 3, Szeged H-6728, Hungary
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3
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Yang Y, Mainz RE, Rossi GM, Scheiba F, Silva-Toledo MA, Keathley PD, Cirmi G, Kärtner FX. Strong-field coherent control of isolated attosecond pulse generation. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6641. [PMID: 34789715 PMCID: PMC8599423 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26772-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond science promises to reveal the most fundamental electronic dynamics occurring in matter and it can develop further by meeting two linked technological goals related to high-order harmonic sources: improved spectral tunability (allowing selectivity in addressing electronic transitions) and higher photon flux (permitting to measure low cross-section processes). New developments come through parametric waveform synthesis, which provides control over the shape of field transients, enabling the creation of highly-tunable isolated attosecond pulses via high-harmonic generation. Here we demonstrate that the first goal is fulfilled since central energy, spectral bandwidth/shape and temporal duration of isolated attosecond pulses can be controlled by shaping the laser waveform via two key parameters: the relative-phase between two halves of the multi-octave spanning spectrum, and the overall carrier-envelope phase. These results not only promise to expand the experimental possibilities in attosecond science, but also demonstrate coherent strong-field control of free-electron trajectories using tailored optical waveforms. Attosecond pulse generation needs improvements both in terms of tunability and photon flux for next level attosecond experiments. Here the authors show how to control the HHG emission and its spectral-temporal characteristics by driving the IAP generation with synthesized sub-cycle optical pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudong Yang
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roland E Mainz
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Giulio Maria Rossi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Scheiba
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A Silva-Toledo
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Phillip D Keathley
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Giovanni Cirmi
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Physics Department and The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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4
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Li J, Lu J, Chew A, Han S, Li J, Wu Y, Wang H, Ghimire S, Chang Z. Attosecond science based on high harmonic generation from gases and solids. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2748. [PMID: 32488005 PMCID: PMC7265550 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent progress in high power ultrafast short-wave and mid-wave infrared lasers has enabled gas-phase high harmonic generation (HHG) in the water window and beyond, as well as the demonstration of HHG in condensed matter. In this Perspective, we discuss the recent advancements and future trends in generating and characterizing soft X-ray pulses from gas-phase HHG and extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulses from solid-state HHG. Then, we discuss their current and potential usage in time-resolved study of electron and nuclear dynamics in atomic, molecular and condensed matters. Different methods are demonstrated in recent years to produce attosecond pulses. Here, the authors discuss recent development and future prospects of the generation of such pulses from gases and solids and their potential applications in spectroscopy and ultrafast dynamics in atoms, molecules and other complex systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Academy of Opto-Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100094, China.,Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.,School of Optoelectronics, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jian Lu
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Andrew Chew
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Seunghwoi Han
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.,School of Mechanical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Jialin Li
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA
| | - He Wang
- Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, 33146, USA
| | - Shambhu Ghimire
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Zenghu Chang
- Institute for the Frontier of Attosecond Science and Technology, CREOL and Department of Physics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, 32816, USA.
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5
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Zhang YX, Rykovanov S, Shi M, Zhong CL, He XT, Qiao B, Zepf M. Giant Isolated Attosecond Pulses from Two-Color Laser-Plasma Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:114802. [PMID: 32242678 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.114802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A new regime in the interaction of a two-color (ω,2ω) laser with a nanometer-scale foil is identified, resulting in the emission of extremely intense, isolated attosecond pulses-even in the case of multicycle lasers. For foils irradiated by lasers exceeding the blow-out field strength (i.e., capable of fully separating electrons from the ion background), the addition of a second harmonic field results in the stabilization of the foil up to the blow-out intensity. This is then followed by a sharp transition to transparency that essentially occurs in a single optical cycle. During the transition cycle, a dense, nanometer-scale electron bunch is accelerated to relativistic velocities and emits a single, strong attosecond pulse with a peak intensity approaching that of the laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y X Zhang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Laser Fusion Research Center, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621900, China
| | - S Rykovanov
- Center for Computational and Data-Intensive Science and Engineering, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, 121205, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - C L Zhong
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - X T He
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100094, China
| | - B Qiao
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, SKLNPT, and School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - M Zepf
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University, 07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Hernández-García C, Popmintchev T, Murnane MM, Kapteyn HC, Plaja L, Becker A, Jaron-Becker A. Isolated broadband attosecond pulse generation with near- and mid-infrared driver pulses via time-gated phase matching. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:11855-11866. [PMID: 28788745 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.011855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present a theoretical analysis of the time-gated phase matching (ionization gating) mechanism in high-order harmonic generation for the isolation of attosecond pulses at near-infrared and mid-infrared driver wavelengths, for both few-cycle and multi-cycle driving laser pulses. Results of our high harmonic generation and three-dimensional propagation simulations show that broadband isolated pulses spanning from the extreme-ultraviolet well into the soft X-ray region of the spectrum can be generated for both few-cycle and multi-cycle laser pulses. We demonstrate the key role of absorption and group velocity matching for generating bright, isolated, attosecond pulses using long wavelength multi-cycle pulses. Finally, we show that this technique is robust against carrier-envelope phase and peak intensity variations.
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7
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Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A, Martín F. Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10760-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM- CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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8
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9
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Ramasesha K, Leone SR, Neumark DM. Real-Time Probing of Electron Dynamics Using Attosecond Time-Resolved Spectroscopy. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2016; 67:41-63. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-040215-112025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krupa Ramasesha
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Combustion Research Facility, Sandia National Laboratories, Livermore, California 94550
| | - Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720;
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720
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10
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He PL, Ruiz C, He F. Carrier-Envelope-Phase Characterization for an Isolated Attosecond Pulse by Angular Streaking. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:203601. [PMID: 27258867 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.203601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The carrier envelope phase (CEP) is a crucial parameter for a few-cycle laser pulse since it substantially determines the laser waveform. Stepping forward from infrared to extreme ultraviolet (EUV) pulses, we propose a strategy to directly characterize the CEP of an isolated attosecond pulse (IAP) by numerically simulating the tunneling ionization of a hydrogen atom in a combined IAP and phase-stabilized circularly polarized IR laser pulse. The fine modulations of the combined laser fields, due to the variation of the CEP of the IAP, are exponentially enlarged onto the distinct time-dependent tunneling ionization rate. Electrons released at different time with distinct tunneling ionization rates are angularly streaked to different directions. By measuring the resulting photoelectron momentum distribution, the CEP of the IAP can be retrieved. The characterization of the CEP of an IAP will open the possibility of capturing sub-EUV-cycle dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Camilo Ruiz
- Departamento de Física de Partículas, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and Department of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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11
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Leone SR, Neumark DM. Attosecond science in atomic, molecular, and condensed matter physics. Faraday Discuss 2016; 194:15-39. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00174b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Attosecond science represents a new frontier in atomic, molecular, and condensed matter physics, enabling one to probe the exceedingly fast dynamics associated with purely electronic dynamics in a wide range of systems. This paper presents a brief discussion of the technology required to generate attosecond light pulses and gives representative examples of attosecond science carried out in several laboratories. Attosecond transient absorption, a very powerful method in attosecond science, is then reviewed and several examples of gas phase and condensed phase experiments that have been carried out in the Leone/Neumark laboratories are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen R. Leone
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Department of Physics
| | - Daniel M. Neumark
- Department of Chemistry
- University of California
- Berkeley
- USA
- Chemical Sciences Division
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12
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Dubrouil A, Hort O, Catoire F, Descamps D, Petit S, Mével E, Strelkov VV, Constant E. Spatio–spectral structures in high-order harmonic beams generated with Terawatt 10-fs pulses. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4637. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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13
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14
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Mashiko H, Bell MJ, Beck AR, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Frequency Tunable Attosecond Apparatus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-00521-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
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15
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Du H, Wen Y, Wang X, Hu B. Intense supercontinuum generation exceeding 300eV using a two-color field in combination with a 400-nm few-cycle control pulse. OPTICS EXPRESS 2013; 21:21337-21348. [PMID: 24104008 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.021337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We propose a method to control the harmonic process by using a two-color field in combination with a 400-nm few-cycle control pulse for the generation of an ultra-broadband supercontinuum with high efficiency. The ionization and acceleration steps in the harmonic process can be simultaneously controlled by using a three-color field synthesized by a 2000-nm driving pulse and two weak 800-nm and 400-nm control pulses. Then an intense supercontinuum covered by the spectral range from 140 eV to 445 eV is produced. The 3D macroscopic propagation is also employed to select the short quantum path of the supercontinuum, then intense isolated sub-100-as pulses with tunable central wavelengths are directly obtained within water window region. In addition, the generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the far field is also investigated. An isolated 52-as pulse can be generated by using a filter centered on axis to select the harmonics in the far field.
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16
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The Attoclock: A Novel Ultrafast Measurement Technique with Attosecond Time Resolution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-37623-8_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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17
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Broadband Spectral Amplitude Control in High-Order Harmonic Generation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2012. [DOI: 10.3390/app2040816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Frank F, Arrell C, Witting T, Okell WA, McKenna J, Robinson JS, Haworth CA, Austin D, Teng H, Walmsley IA, Marangos JP, Tisch JWG. Invited review article: technology for attosecond science. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2012; 83:071101. [PMID: 22852664 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
We describe a complete technological system at Imperial College London for Attosecond Science studies. The system comprises a few-cycle, carrier envelope phase stabilized laser source which delivers sub 4 fs pulses to a vibration-isolated attosecond vacuum beamline. The beamline is used for the generation of isolated attosecond pulses in the extreme ultraviolet (XUV) at kilohertz repetition rates through laser-driven high harmonic generation in gas targets. The beamline incorporates: interferometers for producing pulse sequences for pump-probe studies; the facility to spectrally and spatially filter the harmonic radiation; an in-line spatially resolving XUV spectrometer; and a photoelectron spectroscopy chamber in which attosecond streaking is used to characterize the attosecond pulses. We discuss the technology and techniques behind the development of our complete system and summarize its performance. This versatile apparatus has enabled a number of new experimental investigations which we briefly describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Frank
- Department of Physics, The Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom.
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Gallmann
- Physics Department, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Claudio Cirelli
- Physics Department, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ursula Keller
- Physics Department, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
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20
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Sansone G, Pfeifer T, Simeonidis K, Kuleff AI. Electron Correlation in Real Time. Chemphyschem 2011; 13:661-80. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201100528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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21
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Kfir O, Kozlov M, Fleischer A, Cohen O. Attosecond pulses with sophisticated spatio-spectral waveforms: spatio-spectral Airy and auto-focusing beams. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:21730-21738. [PMID: 22109023 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.021730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We propose a scheme for producing attosecond pulses with sophisticated spatio-spectral waveforms. The profile of a seed attosecond pulse is modified and its central frequency is up-converted through interaction with an infrared pump pulse. The transverse profile of the infrared beam and a spatiotemporal shift between the seed and infrared pulses are used for manipulating the spatio-spectral waveform of the generated pulse beam. We present several examples of sophisticated isolated attosecond pulse beam generation, including spatio-spectral Airy beam that exhibits prismatic self-bending effect and a beam undergoing auto-focusing to a sub-micron spot without the need of a focusing lens or nonlinearity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofer Kfir
- Solid State Institute and Physics Department, Technion–Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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22
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Chen W, Chen G, Kim DE. Two-color field for the generation of an isolated attosecond pulse in water-window region. OPTICS EXPRESS 2011; 19:20610-20615. [PMID: 21997069 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
For the investigation of various ultrafast electron dynamics, an isolated attosecond pulse in a broad spectral range is necessary. The generation of isolated attosecond pulses demands the manipulation of the electric field of a laser. We propose a two-color field scheme for generating an isolated attosecond pulse in the water-window region. Two-color fields are generated by mixing two equally-strong pulsed color fields. The investigation shows that an isolated attosecond pulse with a photon energy of near 500 eV and a pulse duration of 125 - 188 attoseconds can be generated using 10 - 15 fs FWHM laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiang Chen
- Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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23
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Mashiko H, Bell MJ, Beck AR, Abel MJ, Nagel PM, Steiner CP, Robinson J, Neumark DM, Leone SR. Tunable frequency-controlled isolated attosecond pulses characterized by either 750 nm or 400 nm wavelength streak fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2010; 18:25887-25895. [PMID: 21164934 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.025887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A compact and robust Mach-Zehnder type interferometer coupled with the double optical gating technique provides tunable isolated attosecond pulses and streak field detection with fields centered at either 750 nm or 400 nm. Isolated attosecond pulses produced at 45 eV (with measured pulse duration of 114 ± 4 as) and 20 eV (with measured pulse duration of 395 ± 6 as) are temporally characterized with a 750 nm wavelength streak field. In addition, an isolated 118 ± 10 as pulse at 45 eV is measured with a 400 nm wavelength streak field. The interferometer design used herein provides broad flexibility for attosecond streak experiments, allowing pump and probe pulses to be specified independently. This capability is important for studying selected electronic transitions in atoms and molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Mashiko
- Ultrafast X-ray Science Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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