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Czaplewski C, Smalara K, Giełdoń A, Bobrowski M. Polymerization of chloro-p-xylylenes, quantum-chemical study. J Mol Model 2017; 23:40. [PMID: 28120123 PMCID: PMC5263197 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-016-3179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The p-xylylene monomers of parylene N, C and D have similar high polymerization reactivity. For effective copolymerization processes this fact is basically a drawback and for instance the copolymerization with styrene doesn't go at all (Corley et al. J Pol Sc 13(68):137-156, [15]). Substitution of terminal hydrogen atoms by chlorine atoms reduces reactivity dramatically. 7,7,8,8-tetrachloro-p-xylylene and 2,5,7,7,8,8-hexachloro-p-xylylene can be isolated as yellow crystals. These crystals can be kept without any change in temperature below 0 ∘C, but they polymerize slowly at room temperature. Perchloro-p-xylylene is stable even at elevated temperatures and does not polymerize under any conditions. Both 7,7,8,8-tetrachloro-p-xylylene and 2,5,7,7,8,8-hexachloro-p-xylylene copolymerize with various vinyl monomers, such as styrene and others. In this work the polymerization reactions of different chloro-derivatives of p-xylylene were modeled by means of the DFT method with hybrid correlation functionals (B3LYP and PBE0) and, for comparison, by means of the Hartree Fock methods. We inquired both initiation as well as elongation polymeric reactions for each of the reactants. We survied their reactivity analytically examining energetics and configurations in Szwarc-like process. The quantitative influence of chlorine atoms on the reactivity in polymerization steps, their location in the reactants' structure (aromatic and/or aliphatic) as well as their number, were reviewed. The polymerizations of p-xylylenes with chlorine atoms as terminal aliphatic substituents yet revealed one more access path for parylenes' in situ functionalization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Czaplewski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Smalara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Artur Giełdoń
- Department of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Wita Stwosza 63, 80-308, Gdansk, Poland.,Department of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Maciej Bobrowski
- Department of Technical Physics and Applied Mathematics, Gdansk University of Technology, Narutowicza 11/12, 80-233, Gdansk, Poland.
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Bobrowski M, Freza S, Skurski P. Functional Thin Films Resulting from Parylene–Vinyl Copolymerization. Macromolecules 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ma301902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Bobrowski
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
- Department of Technical Physics and Applied
Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Sylwia Freza
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
- Department of Technical Physics and Applied
Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Skurski
- Department of Chemistry, Univeristy of Gdańsk, Sobieskiego 18, 80-952 Gdańsk,
Poland
- Department of Technical Physics and Applied
Mathematics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Narutowicza
11/12, 80-233 Gdańsk, Poland
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