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Werkovits A, Hollweger SB, Niederreiter M, Risse T, Cartus JJ, Sterrer M, Matera S, Hofmann OT. Kinetic Trapping of Charge-Transfer Molecules at Metal Interfaces. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2024; 128:3082-3089. [PMID: 38414835 PMCID: PMC10895664 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.3c08262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Despite the common expectation that conjugated organic molecules on metals adsorb in a flat-lying layer, several recent studies have found coverage-dependent transitions to upright-standing phases, which exhibit notably different physical properties. In this work, we argue that from an energetic perspective, thermodynamically stable upright-standing phases may be more common than hitherto thought. However, for kinetic reasons, this phase may often not be observed experimentally. Using first-principles kinetic Monte Carlo simulations, we find that the structure with lower molecular density is (almost) always formed first, reminiscent of Ostwald's rule of stages. The phase transitions to the upright-standing phase are likely to be kinetically hindered under the conditions typically used in surface science. The simulation results are experimentally confirmed for the adsorption of tetracyanoethylene on Cu(111) using infrared and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy. Investigating both the role of the growth conditions and the energetics of the interface, we find that the time for the phase transition is determined mostly by the deposition rate and, thus, is mostly independent of the nature of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Werkovits
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Simon B. Hollweger
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Max Niederreiter
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Risse
- Institut
für Chemie und Biochemie, Freie Universität Berlin, Arminallee 22, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Johannes J. Cartus
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Sterrer
- Institute
of Physics, University of Graz, Universitätsplatz 5, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Sebastian Matera
- Theory
Department, Fritz Haber Institute of the
MPG, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195 Berlin-Dahlem, Germany
| | - Oliver T. Hofmann
- Institute
of Solid State Physics, Graz University of Technology, Petersgasse 16/II, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Rangan S, Ruggieri C, Bartynski R, Martínez JI, Flores F, Ortega J. Adsorption Geometry and Energy Level Alignment at the PTCDA/TiO2(110) Interface. J Phys Chem B 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.7b04227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Rangan
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, United States
| | - Charles Ruggieri
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, United States
| | - Robert Bartynski
- Department of Physics
and Astronomy and Laboratory for Surface Modification, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854-8019, United States
| | - José Ignacio Martínez
- Department of Surfaces, Coatings and Molecular Astrophysics, Institute of Materials Science of Madrid (ICMM-CSIC), Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
3, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Flores
- Departamento de Física Teórica
de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Ortega
- Departamento de Física Teórica
de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain
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Zheng YJ, Huang YL, Chen Y, Zhao W, Eda G, Spataru CD, Zhang W, Chang YH, Li LJ, Chi D, Quek SY, Wee ATS. Heterointerface Screening Effects between Organic Monolayers and Monolayer Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2476-2484. [PMID: 26792247 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b07314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The nature and extent of electronic screening at heterointerfaces and their consequences on energy level alignment are of profound importance in numerous applications, such as solar cells, electronics etc. The increasing availability of two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) brings additional opportunities for them to be used as interlayers in "van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures" and organic/inorganic flexible devices. These innovations raise the question of the extent to which the 2D TMDs participate actively in dielectric screening at the interface. Here we study perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA) monolayers adsorbed on single-layer tungsten diselenide (WSe2), bare graphite, and Au(111) surfaces, revealing a strong dependence of the PTCDA HOMO-LUMO gap on the electronic screening effects from the substrate. The monolayer WSe2 interlayer provides substantial, but not complete, screening at the organic/inorganic interface. Our results lay a foundation for the exploitation of the complex interfacial properties of hybrid systems based on TMD materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jie Zheng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Yu Li Huang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Yifeng Chen
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
| | - Weijie Zhao
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
| | - Goki Eda
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore , 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Catalin D Spataru
- Sandia National Laboratories , Livermore, California 94551, United States
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science & Technology, Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yung-Huang Chang
- Department of Electrophysics, National Chiao Tung University , Hsinchu 300, Taiwan
| | - Lain-Jong Li
- Physical Sciences and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology , Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dongzhi Chi
- Institute of Materials Research & Engineering (IMRE), A*STAR (Agency for Science, Technology and Research) , 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634, Singapore
| | - Su Ying Quek
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Agency for Science Technology and Research , 1 Fusionopolis Way, #16-16 Connexis, Singapore 138632, Singapore
| | - Andrew Thye Shen Wee
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , 2 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117551, Singapore
- Centre for Advanced 2D Materials, National University of Singapore , Block S14, Level 6, 6 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117546, Singapore
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Martínez JI, Abad E, Calle-Vallejo F, Krowne CM, Alonso JA. Tailoring structural and electronic properties of RuO2 nanotubes: a many-body approach and electronic transport. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:14715-22. [PMID: 23900202 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52092g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The electrical conduction properties of ruthenium oxide nanocables are of high interest. These cables can be built as thin shells of RuO2 surrounding an inner solid nanowire of a dielectric insulating silica material. With this motivation we have investigated the structural, electronic and transport properties of RuO2 nanotubes using the density functional formalism, and applying many-body corrections to the electronic band structure. The structures obtained for the thinnest nanotubes are of the rutile type. The structures of nanotubes with larger diameters deviate from the rutile structure and have in common the formation of dimerized Ru-Ru rows along the axial direction. The cohesive energy shows an oscillating behavior as a function of the tube diameter. With the exception of the thinnest nanotubes, there is a correlation such that the electronic band structures of tubes with high cohesive energies show small gaps at the Fermi energy, whereas the less stable nanotubes exhibit metallic behavior, with bands crossing the Fermi surface. The electronic conductance of nanotubes of finite length connected to gold electrodes has been calculated using a Green-function formalism, and correlations have been established between the electronic band structure and the conductance at zero bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Martínez
- Departamento de Superficies y Recubrimientos, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (CSIC), ES-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Flores F, Abad E, Martínez JI, Pieczyrak B, Ortega J. On the organic energy gap problem. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:094007. [PMID: 23400106 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/9/094007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In conjugated organic molecules, the difference between the HOMO and LUMO Kohn-Sham eigenvalues is significantly smaller than the transport gap measured experimentally. We discuss here, within a local-orbital formulation of DFT, how this problem can be corrected using appropriate hybrid potentials, that add a fraction of Hartree-Fock exchange interaction in the DFT calculation. We illustrate this approach presenting calculations for two simple systems: H(2) and C(6)H(6); then, we discuss how to implement this hybrid approach in a general local-orbital calculation, adjusting the hybrid contribution to yield the correct experimental HOMO/LUMO energy gap for the molecule. We also consider the case of an organic molecule on a metal and analyze the effect of the molecule-metal interaction on the organic energy gap. In particular, we discuss how to introduce in this hybrid-potential scheme the effect of the image potential, and present results for the organic molecules PTCDA, TTF, benzene and pentacene on the metal surfaces Au(111), Ag(111) and Cu(111).
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Affiliation(s)
- F Flores
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Martínez JI, Abad E, González C, Flores F, Ortega J. Improvement of scanning tunneling microscopy resolution with H-sensitized tips. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2012; 108:246102. [PMID: 23004294 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.246102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent scanning tunneling hydrogen microscopy (STHM) experiments on PTCDA (perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic-3,4,9,10-dianhydride)/Au(111) have shown unprecedented intramolecular and intermolecular spatial resolution. The origin of this resolution is studied using an accurate STHM theoretical simulation technique that includes a detailed description of the electronic structure of both the tip and sample. Our results show that H2 molecules are dissociated on the Au tip; the adsorbed H atoms change the density of states at the Fermi level (E(F)) of the tip, increasing its p-orbital character and reducing the s-orbital contribution. Also, due to the interaction with the H-decorated tip, E(F) is shifted to the middle of the PTCDA lowest unoccupied molecular orbital peak, increasing dramatically the density of states of the sample at E(F). These effects give rise to the enhanced STHM resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Martínez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, ES-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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