1
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Guo H, Liu S, Liu X, Zhang L. Lightening flavin by amination for fluorescent sensing. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2024; 26:19554-19563. [PMID: 38979978 DOI: 10.1039/d4cp01525h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as O2˙-, etc., in organisms is of great significance, not only for their essential role in biological processes, but their excessive production may also result in many diseases. Flavin (FL) is a fluorophore that naturally exists in flavoenzymes, and its fluorescent emission (FE) becomes negligible when reduced. This enables the application of FL derivatives as fluorescent sensors for ROS. We presented a theoretical investigation to address the impact of amino substitution on the photophysical properties of aminoflavins (AmFLs). Resulting from the interplay of electronic and positional effects, amination at C8 enhances the electronic coupling between the ground state and the first singlet excited state by enlarging the adiabatic energy change of the electronic transitions and the emission transition dipole moments, weakens the vibronic coupling by decreasing the contribution of isoalloxazine to the frontier molecular orbitals, redshifts the absorption band, and enhances the fluorescent emission drastically in 8AmFL. The theoretically estimated fluorescent emission intensity of 8AmFL is ∼40 times that of FL, suggesting its potential application as a fluorescent sensor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Guo
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Siyu Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Xin Liu
- School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China.
| | - Lijun Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Third People's Hospital of Dalian and Faculty of Medicine, Dalian University of Technology, No. 2, Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, P. R. China
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2
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Tureček F. UV-vis spectroscopy of gas-phase ions. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2023; 42:206-226. [PMID: 34392556 DOI: 10.1002/mas.21726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Photodissociation action spectroscopy has made a great progress in expanding investigations of gas-phase ion structures. This review deals with aspects of gas-phase ion electronic excitations that result in wavelength-dependent dissociation and light emission via fluorescence, chiefly covering the ultraviolet and visible regions of the spectrum. The principles are briefly outlined and a few examples of instrumentation are presented. The main thrust of the review is to collect and selectively present applications of UV-vis action spectroscopy to studies of stable gas-phase ion structures and combinations of spectroscopy with ion mobility, collision-induced dissociation, and ion-ion reactions leading to the generation of reactive intermediates and electronic energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Tureček
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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3
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Wang J, Liu Y. Vibrationally resolved absorption and fluorescence spectra of flavins: A theoretical simulation in the gas phase. J CHIN CHEM SOC-TAIP 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/jccs.202200243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China
| | - Ya‐Jun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Photochemistry, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry Beijing Normal University Beijing China
- Center for Advanced Materials Research Beijing Normal University Zhuhai China
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4
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Curtolo F, Arantes GM. Molecular properties and tautomeric equilibria of isolated flavins. J Comput Chem 2022; 43:1561-1572. [PMID: 35778728 DOI: 10.1002/jcc.26957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are employed as redox cofactors and chromophores in a plethora of flavoenzymes. Their versatility is an outcome of intrinsic molecular properties of the isoalloxazine ring modulated by the protein scaffold and surrounding solvent. Thus, an investigation of isolated flavins with high-level electronic-structure methods and with error assessment of the calculated properties will contribute to building better models of flavin reactivity. Here, we benchmarked ground-state properties such as electron affinity, gas-phase basicity, dipole moment, torsion energy, and tautomer stability for lumiflavins in all biologically relevant oxidation and charge states. Overall, multiconfigurational effects are small and chemical accuracy is achieved by coupled-cluster treatments of energetic properties. Augmented basis sets and extrapolations to the complete basis-set limit are necessary for consistent agreement with experimental energetics. Among DFT functionals tested, M06-2X shows the best performance for most properties, except gas-phase basicity, in which M06 and CAM-B3LYP perform better. Moreover, dipole moments of radical flavins show large deviations for all functionals studied. Tautomers with noncanonical protonation states are significantly populated at normal temperatures, adding to the complexity of modeling flavins. These results will guide future computational studies of flavoproteins and flavin chemistry by indicating the limitations of electronic-structure methodologies and the contributions of multiple tautomeric states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Curtolo
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Guilherme M Arantes
- Department of Biochemistry, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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5
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Mohamed-Raseek N, Miller AF. Contrasting roles for two conserved arginines: stabilizing flavin semiquinone or quaternary structure, in bifurcating electron transfer flavoproteins. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101733. [PMID: 35176283 PMCID: PMC8958531 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifurcating electron transfer flavoproteins (Bf ETFs) are important redox enzymes that contain two flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) cofactors, with contrasting reactivities and complementary roles in electron bifurcation. However, for both the “electron transfer” (ET) and the “bifurcating” (Bf) FADs, the only charged amino acid within 5 Å of the flavin is a conserved arginine (Arg) residue. To understand how the two sites produce different reactivities utilizing the same residue, we investigated the consequences of replacing each of the Arg residues with lysine, glutamine, histidine, or alanine. We show that absence of a positive charge in the ET site diminishes accumulation of the anionic semiquinone (ASQ) that enables the ET flavin to act as a single electron carrier, due to depression of the oxidized versus. ASQ reduction midpoint potential, E°OX/ASQ. Perturbation of the ET site also affected the remote Bf site, whereas abrogation of Bf FAD binding accelerated chemical modification of the ET flavin. In the Bf site, removal of the positive charge impaired binding of FAD or AMP, resulting in unstable protein. Based on pH dependence, we propose that the Bf site Arg interacts with the phosphate(s) of Bf FAD or AMP, bridging the domain interface via a conserved peptide loop (“zipper”) and favoring nucleotide binding. We further propose a model that rationalizes conservation of the Bf site Arg even in non-Bf ETFs, as well as AMP's stabilizing role in the latter, and provides a mechanism for coupling Bf flavin redox changes to domain-scale motion.
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6
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Kar RK, Chasen S, Mroginski MA, Miller AF. Tuning the Quantum Chemical Properties of Flavins via Modification at C8. J Phys Chem B 2021; 125:12654-12669. [PMID: 34784473 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.1c07306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are central to countless enzymes but display different reactivities depending on their environments. This is understood to reflect modulation of the flavin electronic structure. To understand changes in orbital natures, energies, and correlation over the ring system, we begin by comparing seven flavin variants differing at C8, exploiting their different electronic spectra to validate quantum chemical calculations. Ground state calculations replicate a Hammett trend and reveal the significance of the flavin π-system. Comparison of higher-level theories establishes CC2 and ACD(2) as methods of choice for characterization of electronic transitions. Charge transfer character and electron correlation prove responsive to the identity of the substituent at C8. Indeed, bond length alternation analysis demonstrates extensive conjugation and delocalization from the C8 position throughout the ring system. Moreover, we succeed in replicating a particularly challenging UV/Vis spectrum by implementing hybrid QM/MM in explicit solvents. Our calculations reveal that the presence of nonbonding lone pairs correlates with the change in the UV/Vis spectrum observed when the 8-methyl is replaced by NH2, OH, or SH. Thus, our computations offer routes to understanding the spectra of flavins with different modifications. This is a first step toward understanding how the same is accomplished by different binding environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv K Kar
- Faculty II-Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC 14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sam Chasen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
| | - Maria-Andrea Mroginski
- Faculty II-Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC 14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Faculty II-Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Technische Universität Berlin, Sekr. PC 14, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, D-10623 Berlin, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, United States
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7
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Gozem S, Krylov AI. The
ezSpectra
suite: An easy‐to‐use toolkit for spectroscopy modeling. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-COMPUTATIONAL MOLECULAR SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/wcms.1546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samer Gozem
- Department of Chemistry Georgia State University Atlanta Georgia USA
| | - Anna I. Krylov
- Department of Chemistry University of Southern California Los Angeles California USA
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8
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Hong P, Ning LC, Wu AA, Tan K, Lu X. Insights into the mechanism of fatty acid photodecarboxylase: A theoretical investigation. Chem Phys Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Müller D, Dopfer O. Interaction of Alkali Ions with Flavins: Infrared and Optical Spectra of Metal–Riboflavin Complexes. J Phys Chem A 2021; 125:3146-3158. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.1c01846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Müller D, Dopfer O. Optical spectroscopy of cryogenic metalated flavins: The O2(+) isomers of M+lumiflavin (M=Li–Cs). JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2020.100009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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11
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Müller D, Dopfer O. Vibronic optical spectroscopy of cryogenic flavin ions: the O2+ and N1 tautomers of protonated lumiflavin. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:18328-18339. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03650a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The electronic structure of cryogenic protonated lumiflavin ions probed by photodissociation spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations reveals the presence of the two most stable tautomers protonated at the O2+ and N1 positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin
- Germany
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12
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Mohamed-Raseek N, Duan HD, Hildebrandt P, Mroginski MA, Miller AF. Spectroscopic, thermodynamic and computational evidence of the locations of the FADs in the nitrogen fixation-associated electron transfer flavoprotein. Chem Sci 2019; 10:7762-7772. [PMID: 31588324 PMCID: PMC6764259 DOI: 10.1039/c9sc00942f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flavin-based electron bifurcation allows enzymes to redistribute energy among electrons by coupling endergonic and exergonic electron transfer reactions. Diverse bifurcating enzymes employ a two-flavin electron transfer flavoprotein (ETF) that accepts hydride from NADH at a flavin (the so-called bifurcating FAD, Bf-FAD). The Bf-FAD passes one electron exergonically to a second flavin thereby assuming a reactive semiquinone state able to reduce ferredoxin or flavodoxin semiquinone. The flavin that accepts one electron and passes it on via exergonic electron transfer is known as the electron transfer FAD (ET-FAD) and is believed to correspond to the single FAD present in canonical ETFs, in domain II. The Bf-FAD is believed to be the one that is unique to bifurcating ETFs, bound between domains I and III. This very reasonable model has yet to be challenged experimentally. Herein we used site-directed mutagenesis to disrupt FAD binding to the presumed Bf site between domains I and III, in the Bf-ETF from Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RpaETF). The resulting protein contained only 0.80 ± 0.05 FAD, plus 1.21 ± 0.04 bound AMP as in canonical ETFs. The flavin was not subject to reduction by NADH, confirming absence of Bf-FAD. The retained FAD displayed visible circular dichroism (CD) similar to that of the ET-FAD of RpaETF. Likewise, the mutant underwent two sequential one-electron reductions forming and then consuming anionic semiquinone, reproducing the reactivity of the ET-FAD. These data confirm that the retained FAD in domain II corresponds the ET-FAD. Quantum chemical calculations of the absorbance and CD spectra of each of WT RpaETF's two flavins reproduced the observed differences between their CD and absorbance signatures. The calculations for the flavin bound in domain II agreed better with the spectra of the ET-flavin, and those calculated based on the flavin between domains I and III agreed better with spectra of the Bf-flavin. Thus calculations independently confirm the locations of each flavin. We conclude that the site in domain II harbours the ET-FAD whereas the mutated site between domains I and III is the Bf-FAD site, confirming the accepted model by two different tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishya Mohamed-Raseek
- Dept. Chemistry , University of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street , Lexington , KY 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - H Diessel Duan
- Dept. Chemistry , University of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street , Lexington , KY 40506-0055 , USA .
| | - Peter Hildebrandt
- Max Volmer Laboratorum für Biophysikalische Chemie , Technische Universität - Berlin , Sekr. PC 14, 135 Straße des 17. Juni , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Maria Andrea Mroginski
- Max Volmer Laboratorum für Biophysikalische Chemie , Technische Universität - Berlin , Sekr. PC 14, 135 Straße des 17. Juni , 10623 Berlin , Germany
| | - Anne-Frances Miller
- Dept. Chemistry , University of Kentucky , 505 Rose Street , Lexington , KY 40506-0055 , USA .
- Max Volmer Laboratorum für Biophysikalische Chemie , Technische Universität - Berlin , Sekr. PC 14, 135 Straße des 17. Juni , 10623 Berlin , Germany
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13
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Müller D, Nieto P, Miyazaki M, Dopfer O. Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumiflavin complexes (M = Li–Cs). Faraday Discuss 2019; 217:256-275. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00203g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of metal–lumiflavin (M+LF) complexes at the level of vibrational resolution illustrates the large impact of alkali ions on the optical properties of this prototypical flavin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Pablo Nieto
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
- Tokyo Tech World Research Hub Initiative (WRHI)
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14
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Kar RK, Borin VA, Ding Y, Matysik J, Schapiro I. Spectroscopic Properties of Lumiflavin: A Quantum Chemical Study. Photochem Photobiol 2018; 95:662-674. [DOI: 10.1111/php.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar Kar
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research Institute of Chemistry Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Veniamin A. Borin
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research Institute of Chemistry Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
| | - Yonghong Ding
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Jörg Matysik
- Institute of Analytical Chemistry University of Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Igor Schapiro
- Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics Research Institute of Chemistry Hebrew University of Jerusalem Jerusalem Israel
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15
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Giacomozzi L, Kjær C, Langeland Knudsen J, Andersen LH, Brøndsted Nielsen S, Stockett MH. Absorption and luminescence spectroscopy of mass-selected flavin adenine dinucleotide mono-anions. J Chem Phys 2018; 148:214309. [PMID: 29884035 DOI: 10.1063/1.5024028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the absorption profile of isolated Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD) mono-anions recorded using photo-induced dissociation action spectroscopy. In this charge state, one of the phosphoric acid groups is deprotonated and the chromophore itself is in its neutral oxidized state. These measurements cover the first four optical transitions of FAD with excitation energies from 2.3 to 6.0 eV (210-550 nm). The S0 → S2 transition is strongly blue shifted relative to aqueous solution, supporting the view that this transition has a significant charge-transfer character. The remaining bands are close to their solution-phase positions. This confirms that the large discrepancy between quantum chemical calculations of vertical transition energies and solution-phase band maxima cannot be explained by solvent effects. We also report the luminescence spectrum of FAD mono-anions in vacuo. The gas-phase Stokes shift for S1 is 3000 cm-1, which is considerably larger than any previously reported for other molecular ions and consistent with a significant displacement of the ground and excited state potential energy surfaces. Consideration of the vibronic structure is thus essential for simulating the absorption and luminescence spectra of flavins.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Giacomozzi
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Kjær
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - L H Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - M H Stockett
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
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16
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Nieto P, Müller D, Sheldrick A, Günther A, Miyazaki M, Dopfer O. Effect of alkali ions on optical properties of flavins: vibronic spectra of cryogenic M+lumichrome ions (M = Li–Cs) in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:22148-22158. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp03950j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of M+LC (M = Li–Cs) obtained by photodissociation of mass selected ions in a tandem mass spectrometer illustrates the large impact of metalation on the optical properties of the simplest flavin molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - David Müller
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Alexander Sheldrick
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Alan Günther
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Mitsuhiko Miyazaki
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
- Laboratory for Chemistry and Life Science
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
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17
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Lincke K, Langeland J, Madsen AØ, Kiefer HV, Skov L, Gruber E, Mikkelsen KV, Andersen LH, Nielsen MB. Elucidation of the intrinsic optical properties of hydrogen-bonded and protonated flavin chromophores by photodissociation action spectroscopy. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:28678-28684. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp05368e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The intrinsic optical properties of the flavin chromophore when engaged in hydrogen bonding or being protonated were elucidated by photo-induced action spectroscopy and computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasper Lincke
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Jeppe Langeland
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | | | - Hjalte V. Kiefer
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Louise Skov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Elisabeth Gruber
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
| | - Kurt V. Mikkelsen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen
- DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø
- Denmark
| | - Lars H. Andersen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University
- DK-8000 Aarhus C
- Denmark
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18
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Sheldrick A, Müller D, Günther A, Nieto P, Dopfer O. Optical spectroscopy of isolated flavins: photodissociation of protonated lumichrome. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:7407-7414. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00590g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cryogenic ion spectroscopy of protonated lumichrome realized by photodissociation of mass selected ions in a tandem mass spectrometer provides the first optical spectrum of a flavin molecule isolated in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sheldrick
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - David Müller
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Alan Günther
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Pablo Nieto
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Technische Universität Berlin
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Berlin D-10623
- Germany
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19
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Nieto P, Günther A, Berden G, Oomens J, Dopfer O. IRMPD Spectroscopy of Metalated Flavins: Structure and Bonding of Lumiflavin Complexes with Alkali and Coinage Metal Ions. J Phys Chem A 2016; 120:8297-8308. [PMID: 27690438 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.6b08281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Flavins are a fundamental class of biomolecules, whose photochemical properties strongly depend on their environment and their redox and metalation state. Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectra of mass-selected isolated metal-lumiflavin ionic complexes (M+LF) are analyzed in the fingerprint range (800-1830 cm-1) to determine the bonding of lumiflavin with alkali (M = Li, Na, K, Cs) and coinage (M = Cu, Ag) metal ions. The complexes are generated in an electrospray ionization source coupled to an ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer and the IR free electron laser FELIX. Vibrational and isomer assignments of the IRMPD spectra are accomplished by comparison to quantum chemical calculations at the B3LYP/cc-pVDZ level, yielding structure, binding energy, bonding mechanism, and spectral properties of the complexes. The most stable binding sites identified in the experiments involve metal bonding to the oxygen atoms of the two available CO groups of LF. Hence, CO stretching frequencies are a sensitive indicator of both the metal binding site and the metal bond strength. More than one isomer is observed for M = Li, Na, and K, and the preferred CO binding site changes with the size of the alkali ion. For Cs+LF, only one isomer is identified, although the energies of the two most stable structures differ by less than 7 kJ/mol. While the M+-LF bonds for alkali ions are mainly based on electrostatic forces, substantial covalent contributions lead to stronger bonds for the coinage metal ions. Comparison between lumiflavin and lumichrome reveals substantial differences in the metal binding motifs and interactions due to the different flavin structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Nieto
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alan Günther
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giel Berden
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, FELIX Laboratory , Toernooiveld 7c, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Amsterdam , Science Park 904, 1098XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin , Hardenbergstrasse 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Karasulu B, Götze JP, Thiel W. Assessment of Franck-Condon Methods for Computing Vibrationally Broadened UV-vis Absorption Spectra of Flavin Derivatives: Riboflavin, Roseoflavin, and 5-Thioflavin. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:5549-66. [PMID: 26583238 DOI: 10.1021/ct500830a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We address the performance of the vertical and adiabatic Franck-Condon (VFC/AFC) approaches combined with time-independent or time-dependent (TI/TD) formalisms in simulating the one-photon absorption spectra of three flavin compounds with distinct structural features. Calculations were done in the gas phase and in two solvents (water, benzene) for which experimental reference measurements are available. We utilized the independent mode displaced harmonic oscillator model without or with frequency alteration (IMDHO/IMDHO-FA) and also accounted for Duschinsky mixing effects. In the initial validation on the first excited singlet state of riboflavin, the range-separated functionals, CAM-B3LYP and ωB97xD, showed the best performance, but B3LYP also gave a good compromise between peak positions and spectral topology. Large basis sets were not mandatory to obtain high-quality spectra for the selected systems. The presence of a symmetry plane facilitated the computation of vibrationally broadened spectra, since different FC variants yield similar results and the harmonic approximation holds rather well. Compared with the AFC approach, the VFC approach performed equally well or even better for all three flavins while offering several advantages, such as avoiding error-prone geometry optimization procedures on excited-state surfaces. We also explored the advantages of curvilinear displacements and of a Duschinsky treatment for the AFC spectra in cases when a rotatable group is present on the chromophore. Taken together, our findings indicate that the combination of the VFC approach with the TD formalism and the IMDHO-FA model offers the best overall performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Karasulu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Jan Philipp Götze
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung , Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Karasulu B, Thiel W. Photoinduced Intramolecular Charge Transfer in an Electronically Modified Flavin Derivative: Roseoflavin. J Phys Chem B 2014; 119:928-43. [DOI: 10.1021/jp506101x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bora Karasulu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, 45470, Mülheim, Germany
| | - Walter Thiel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz
1, 45470, Mülheim, Germany
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Günther A, Nieto P, Berden G, Oomens J, Dopfer O. IRMPD spectroscopy of metalated flavins: structure and bonding of Mq+–lumichrome complexes (Mq+ = Li+–Cs+, Ag+, Mg2+). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14161-71. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The strength, structure, and type of bonding of cationic metal–flavin interactions are characterized by IR spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations of Mq+ ions complexed to lumichrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Günther
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Pablo Nieto
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Giel Berden
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX facility
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jos Oomens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- FELIX facility
- Radboud University Nijmegen
- 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- D-10623 Berlin, Germany
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Götze JP, Karasulu B, Thiel W. Computing UV/vis spectra from the adiabatic and vertical Franck-Condon schemes with the use of Cartesian and internal coordinates. J Chem Phys 2013; 139:234108. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4844055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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