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George MAR, Dopfer O. Microhydration of the adamantane cation: intracluster proton transfer to solvent in [Ad(H 2O) n=1-5] + for n ≥ 3. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:13593-13610. [PMID: 37144298 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp01514a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Radical cations of diamondoids are important intermediates in their functionalization reactions in polar solvents. To explore the role of the solvent at the molecular level, we characterize herein microhydrated radical cation clusters of the parent molecule of the diamondoid family, adamantane (C10H16, Ad), by infrared photodissociation (IRPD) spectroscopy of mass-selected [Ad(H2O)n=1-5]+ clusters. IRPD spectra of the cation ground electronic state recorded in the CH/OH stretch and fingerprint ranges reveal the first steps of this fundamental H-substitution reaction at the molecular level. Analysis of size-dependent frequency shifts with dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations (B3LYP-D3/cc-pVTZ) provides detailed information about the acidity of the proton of Ad+ as a function of the degree of hydration, the structure of the hydration shell, and the strengths of the CH⋯O and OH⋯O hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) of the hydration network. For n = 1, H2O strongly activates the acidic C-H bond of Ad+ by acting as a proton acceptor in a strong CH⋯O ionic H-bond with cation-dipole configuration. For n = 2, the proton is almost equally shared between the adamantyl radical (C10H15, Ady) and the (H2O)2 dimer in a strong C⋯H⋯O ionic H-bond. For n ≥ 3, the proton is completely transferred to the H-bonded hydration network. The threshold for this size-dependent intracluster proton transfer to solvent is consistent with the proton affinities of Ady and (H2O)n and confirmed by collision-induced dissociation experiments. Comparison with other related microhydrated cations reveals that the acidity of the CH proton of Ad+ is in the range of strongly acidic phenol+ but lower than for cationic linear alkanes such as pentane+. Significantly, the presented IRPD spectra of microhydrated Ad+ provide the first spectroscopic molecular-level insight of the chemical reactivity and reaction mechanism of the important class of transient diamondoid radical cations in aqueous solution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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2
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Microhydration of protonated biomolecular building blocks: protonated pyrimidine. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:13092-13107. [PMID: 32490447 DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02110e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Protonation and hydration of biomolecules govern their structure, conformation, and function. Herein, we explore the microhydration structure in mass-selected protonated pyrimidine-water clusters (H+Pym-Wn, n = 1-4) by a combination of infrared photodissociation spectroscopy (IRPD) between 2450 and 3900 cm-1 and density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the dispersion-corrected B3LYP-D3/aug-cc-pVTZ level. We further present the IR spectrum of H+Pym-N2 to evaluate the effect of solvent polarity on the intrinsic molecular parameters of H+Pym. Our combined spectroscopic and computational approach unequivocally shows that protonation of Pym occurs at one of the two equivalent basic ring N atoms and that the ligands in H+Pym-L (L = N2 or W) preferentially form linear H-bonds to the resulting acidic NH group. Successive addition of water ligands results in the formation of a H-bonded solvent network which increasingly weakens the NH group. Despite substantial activation of the N-H bond upon microhydration, no intracluster proton transfer occurs up to n = 4 because of the balance of relative proton affinities of Pym and Wn and the involved solvation energies. Comparison to neutral Pym-Wn clusters reveals the drastic effects of protonation on microhydration with respect to both structure and interaction strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany.
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3
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Haack A, Polaczek C, Tsolakis M, Thinius M, Kersten H, Benter T. Charge Retention/Charge Depletion in ESI-MS: Theoretical Rationale. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2020; 31:785-795. [PMID: 32150409 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.9b00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Gas phase modification in ESI-MS can significantly alter the charge state distribution of small peptides and proteins. The preceding paper presented a systematic experimental study on this topic using Substance P and proposed a charge retention/charge depletion mechanism, explaining different gas- and liquid-phase modifications [Thinius et al. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spec. 2020, 10.1021/jasms.9b00044]. In this work, we aim to support this rational by theoretical investigations on the proton transfer processes from (multiply) charged analytes toward solvent clusters. As model systems we use small (di)amines as analytes and methanol (MeOH) and acetonitrile (ACN) as gas phase modifiers. The calculations are supported by a set of experiments using (di)amines, to bridge the gap between the present model system and Substance P used in the preceding study. Upon calculation of the thermochemical stability as well as the proton transfer pathways, we find that both ACN and MeOH form stable adduct clusters at the protonation site. MeOH can form large clusters through a chain of H-bridges, eventually lowering the barriers for proton transfer to an extent that charge transfer from the analyte to the MeOH cluster becomes feasible. ACN, however, cannot form H-bridged structures due to its aprotic nature. Hence, the charge is retained at the original protonation site, i.e., the analyte. The investigation confirms the proposed charge retention/charge depletion model. Thus, adding aprotic solvent vapors to the gas phase of an ESI source more likely yields higher charge states than using protic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Haack
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Christine Polaczek
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Manuel Tsolakis
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Marco Thinius
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Hendrik Kersten
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Thorsten Benter
- Department of Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Wuppertal, Gauss Str. 20, 42119 Wuppertal, Germany
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4
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Protonation of Naphthalene–(Water)n Nanoclusters: Intracluster Proton Transfer to Hydration Shell Revealed by Infrared Photodissociation Spectroscopy. J Phys Chem A 2020; 124:1134-1151. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.9b11779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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5
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Zhang J, Yang Y, Sun Z, Wang XB. Determinants for proton location and electron coupled proton transfer in hydrogen bonded pentafluorophenol–anion clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:16712-16720. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02892d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This work reveals the determinant factors for proton locations and electron coupled proton transfer (ECPT) in biologically relevant hydrogen bonded systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Eco-Textiles
- Ministry of Education
- College of Chemistry
- Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology
- Dong Hua University
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Zhenrong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, and Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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6
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Zhang H, Cao W, Yuan Q, Wang L, Zhou X, Liu S, Wang XB. Spectroscopic evidence for intact carbonic acid stabilized by halide anions in the gas phase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:19459-19467. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp02338h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The whole series of halide anions can stabilize elusive carbonic acid in the gas phase through dual hydrogen bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanhui Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Wenjin Cao
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Qinqin Yuan
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xiaoguo Zhou
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Shilin Liu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale
- Department of Chemical Physics
- University of Science and Technology of China
- Hefei
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical Sciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Richland
- USA
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7
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Lin CK, Shishido R, Huang QR, Fujii A, Kuo JL. Vibrational spectroscopy of protonated amine–water clusters: tuning Fermi resonance and lighting up dark states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2020; 22:22035-22046. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cp03229h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The H-bonded NH stretching fundamentals of protonated amine–water clusters pass through the “Fermi resonance window” formed by bending overtones, generating split bands due to anharmonic couplings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Kai Lin
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Republic of China
| | - Ryunosuke Shishido
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Qian-Rui Huang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Republic of China
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Republic of China
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8
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Hou GL, Wang XB. Spectroscopic Signature of Proton Location in Proton Bound HSO 4-·H +·X - (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) Clusters. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:6714-6719. [PMID: 31609627 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b02663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Proton transfer plays a vital role in a variety of chemical and biological processes. The proton location in proton bound clusters, specifically, in the anions of HSO4-·H+·X- (X = F, Cl, Br, and I), has been studied by negative ion photoelectron spectroscopy and ab initio theoretical calculations. The measured photoelectron spectra of HSO4-·H+·X- (X = Cl, Br, and I) closely resemble those of X- by simply shifting to higher electron binding energies, suggesting that X- is the chromophore of the electron photodetachment, a fact clearly violating gas-phase acidity predictions. However, in the X = F case, the spectrum of HSO4-·H+·F- is more similar to that of HSO4-, indicating that H+ stays with F- and that the HSO4- moiety carries the extra electron. Accompanying theoretical analyses are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements and observations. This work provides direct spectroscopic evidence of the proton locations, clearly showing cases in which proton affinities of the constituent bases cannot correctly predict the right chemistry involving proton transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical and Computational Sciences Directorate , Pacific Northwest National Laboratory , 902 Battelle Boulevard , P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland , Washington 99352 , United States
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9
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik, TU Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
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10
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Chatterjee K, Dopfer O. Intracluster proton transfer in protonated benzonitrile–(H2O)n≤6 nanoclusters: hydrated hydronium core for n ≥ 2. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:25226-25246. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp05042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations of protonated benzonitrile–(H2O)n clusters reveal proton transfer to solvent for n ≥ 2 and the drastic effects of the aromatic dopant molecule on the network of H+(H2O)n+1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuntal Chatterjee
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
| | - Otto Dopfer
- Institut für Optik und Atomare Physik
- Technische Universität Berlin
- 10623 Berlin
- Germany
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11
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Fujii A, Sugawara N, Hsu PJ, Shimamori T, Li YC, Hamashima T, Kuo JL. Hydrogen bond network structures of protonated short-chain alcohol clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:14971-14991. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp08072g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Protonated alcohol clusters enable extraction of the physical essence of the nature of hydrogen bond networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Natsuko Sugawara
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Takuto Shimamori
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Ying-Cheng Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
| | - Toru Hamashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
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12
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Hou GL, Wang XB, Valiev M. Formation of (HCOO–)(H2SO4) Anion Clusters: Violation of Gas-Phase Acidity Predictions. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:11321-11324. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b05964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Lei Hou
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Xue-Bin Wang
- Physical
Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle
Boulevard, P.O. Box 999, MS K8-88, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
| | - Marat Valiev
- Environmental
Molecular Sciences Laboratory, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, Washington 99352, United States
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13
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Katada M, Hsu PJ, Fujii A, Kuo JL. Temperature and Size Dependence of Characteristic Hydrogen-Bonded Network Structures with Ion Core Switching in Protonated (Methanol)6–10–(Water)1 Mixed Clusters: A Revisit. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:5399-5413. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b03762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marusu Katada
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Po-Jen Hsu
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department
of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute
of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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14
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Shishido R, Li YC, Tsai CW, Bing D, Fujii A, Kuo JL. An infrared spectroscopic and theoretical study on (CH3)3N–H+–(H2O)n, n = 1–22: highly polarized hydrogen bond networks of hydrated clusters. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:25863-76. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp01487e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Highly polarized water networks are found in the micro hydaration of protonated trimethylamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryunosuke Shishido
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Ying-Cheng Li
- Department of Physics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
| | - Chen-Wei Tsai
- Department of Physics
- National Taiwan University
- Taipei 10617
- Taiwan
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
| | - Dan Bing
- Pujiang Institute
- Nanjing Tech University
- Nanjing
- China
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taipei
- Taiwan
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15
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Li YC, Hamashima T, Yamazaki R, Kobayashi T, Suzuki Y, Mizuse K, Fujii A, Kuo JL. Hydrogen-bonded ring closing and opening of protonated methanol clusters H+(CH3OH)n (n = 4–8) with the inert gas tagging. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:22042-53. [DOI: 10.1039/c5cp03379a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Temperature dependence of hydrogen bond network structures of protonated methanol clusters is explored by IR spectroscopy and DFT simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Cheng Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taiwan
| | - Toru Hamashima
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Ryoko Yamazaki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Tomohiro Kobayashi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Kenta Mizuse
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Asuka Fujii
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Jer-Lai Kuo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences
- Academia Sinica
- Taiwan
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