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Blavier M, Levine RD, Remacle F. Time evolution of entanglement of electrons and nuclei and partial traces in ultrafast photochemistry. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:17516-17525. [PMID: 35838986 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01440h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Broad in energy optical pulses induce ultrafast molecular dynamics where nuclear degrees of freedom are entangled with electronic ones. We discuss a matrix representation of wave functions of such entangled systems. Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of this matrix provides a representation as a sum of separable terms. Their weights can be arranged in decreasing order. The representation provided by the SVD is equivalent to a Schmidt decomposition. If there is only one term or if one term is already a good approximation, the system is not entangled. The SVD also provides either an exact or a few term approximation for the partial traces. A simple example, the dynamics of LiH upon ultrafast excitation to several non-adiabatically coupled electronic states, is provided. The major contribution to the entanglement is created during the exit from the Franck Condon region. An additional contribution is the entanglement due to the nuclear motion induced non-adiabatic transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Blavier
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium. .,The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
| | - R D Levine
- The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - F Remacle
- Theoretical Physical Chemistry, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium. .,The Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel
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2
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Bruder L, Wittenbecher L, Kolesnichenko PV, Zigmantas D. Generation and compression of 10-fs deep ultraviolet pulses at high repetition rate using standard optics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25593-25604. [PMID: 34614887 DOI: 10.1364/oe.425053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The generation and characterization of ultrashort laser pulses in the deep ultraviolet spectral region is challenging, especially at high pulse repetition rates and low pulse energies. Here, we combine achromatic second harmonic generation and adaptive pulse compression for the efficient generation of sub-10 fs deep ultraviolet laser pulses at a laser repetition rate of 200 kHz. Furthermore, we simplify the pulse compression scheme and reach pulse durations of ≈10 fs without the use of adaptive optics. We demonstrate straight-forward tuning from 250 to 320 nm, broad pulse spectra of up to 63 nm width, excellent stability and a high robustness against misalignment. These features make the approach appealing for numerous spectroscopy and imaging applications.
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Picchiotti A, Nenov A, Giussani A, Prokhorenko VI, Miller RJD, Mukamel S, Garavelli M. Pyrene, a Test Case for Deep-Ultraviolet Molecular Photophysics. J Phys Chem Lett 2019; 10:3481-3487. [PMID: 31081636 PMCID: PMC6774270 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.9b01325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We determined the complete relaxation dynamics of pyrene in ethanol from the second bright state, employing experimental and theoretical broadband heterodyne detected transient grating and two-dimensional photon echo (2DPE) spectroscopy, using pulses with duration of 6 fs and covering a spectral range spanning from 250 to 300 nm. Multiple lifetimes are assigned to conical intersections through a cascade of electronic states, eventually leading to a rapid population of the lowest long-living excited state and subsequent slow vibrational cooling. The lineshapes in the 2DPE spectra indicate that the efficiency of the population transfer depends on the kinetic energy deposited into modes required to reach a sloped conical intersection, which mediates the decay to the lowest electronic state. The presented experimental-theoretical protocol paves the way for studies on deep-ultraviolet-absorbing biochromophores ubiquitous in genomic and proteic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Picchiotti
- Institute
of Physics, ELI Beamlines, Academy of Sciences
of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, CZ-18221 Prague, Czech Republic
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, CFEL (Bld. 99), Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Artur Nenov
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Angelo Giussani
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
- Instituto
de Ciencia Molecular, Universitat de València, Apartado 22085, ES-46071 Valencia, Spain
| | - Valentyn I. Prokhorenko
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, CFEL (Bld. 99), Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Dwayne Miller
- Max
Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, CFEL (Bld. 99), Luruper Chaussee
149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Departments
of Chemistry and Physics, University of
Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- E-mail:
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Marco Garavelli
- Dipartimento
di Chimica Industriale, Università
degli Studi di Bologna, Viale del Risorgimento 4, I-40136 Bologna, Italy
- E-mail:
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4
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide (LSU) and Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science (LACUS), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ISIC, FSB, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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5
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Kowalewski M, Fingerhut BP, Dorfman KE, Bennett K, Mukamel S. Simulating Coherent Multidimensional Spectroscopy of Nonadiabatic Molecular Processes: From the Infrared to the X-ray Regime. Chem Rev 2017; 117:12165-12226. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Kowalewski
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Benjamin P. Fingerhut
- Max-Born-Institut für Nichtlineare Optik und Kurzzeitspektroskopie, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Konstantin E. Dorfman
- State
Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kochise Bennett
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Shaul Mukamel
- Department
of Chemistry and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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6
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Achazi G, Cannizzo A. Fourier transform spectral interferometry with non-phase stable setups by broadband single shot detection of fs and ps pulses. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2017; 88:083110. [PMID: 28863700 DOI: 10.1063/1.4998989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we present a novel approach to Fourier transform spectral interferometry based on single-shot detection of broadband pulses. It allows heterodyne detection with non-phase-stabilised setups, which use ps- and fs-pulsed laser sources. This approach can tremendously simplify the implementation of complex techniques such as heterodyne Fourier transform four-wave mixing and pave the way to novel phase-sensitive diagnostics for lasers and optical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Achazi
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Cannizzo
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland
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7
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Sala M, Egorova D. Two-dimensional photon-echo spectroscopy at a conical intersection: A two-mode pyrazine model with dissipation. Chem Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2016.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Krčmář J, Gelin MF, Domcke W. Simulation of femtosecond two-dimensional electronic spectra of conical intersections. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:074308. [PMID: 26298135 DOI: 10.1063/1.4928685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have simulated femtosecond two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectra for an excited-state conical intersection using the wave-function version of the equation-of-motion phase-matching approach. We show that 2D spectra at fixed values of the waiting time provide information on the structure of the vibronic eigenstates of the conical intersection, while the evolution of the spectra with the waiting time reveals predominantly ground-state wave-packet dynamics. The results show that 2D spectra of conical intersection systems differ significantly from those obtained for chromophores with well separated excited-state potential-energy surfaces. The spectral signatures which can be attributed to conical intersections are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindřich Krčmář
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Maxim F Gelin
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Domcke
- Department of Chemistry, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Odhner JH, Levis RJ. High-energy noncollinear optical parametric amplifier producing 4 fs pulses in the visible seeded by a gas-phase filament. OPTICS LETTERS 2015; 40:3814-3817. [PMID: 26274667 DOI: 10.1364/ol.40.003814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the design and characterization of a short-pulse-pumped, single-stage noncollinear optical parametric amplifier (NOPA) that achieves high pulse energies in the few-cycle pulse regime. Optimal pulse-front tilting and temporal compression of the short (35 fs) pump pulse are achieved using a 4f grating compressor, while spatial chirp at the NOPA crystal is eliminated with proper imaging using a pair of reflective telescopes. Gas-phase filamentation in an open-ended argon-filled cell provides a bright, stable seed source with little residual chirp that is suitable for temporal overlap with the short pump pulse without dispersion precompensation. Two seeding geometries are explored, and pulses as short as 3.5 fs are obtained by seeding with the entire filament bandwidth. Fourier-transform-limited 4 fs pulses are obtained by filtering the IR portion of the spectrum.
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10
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Chergui M. Empirical rules of molecular photophysics in the light of ultrafast spectroscopy. PURE APPL CHEM 2015. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2014-0939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe advent of ultrafast laser spectroscopy has allowed entirely new possibilities for the investigation of the ultrafast photophysics of inorganic metal-based molecular complexes. In this review we show different regimes where non-Kasha behavior shows up. We also demonstrate that while ultrafast intersystem crossing is a common observation in metal complexes, the ISC rates do not scale with the magnitude of the spin-orbit coupling constant. Structural dynamics and density of states play a crucial role in such ultrafast ISC processes, which are not limited to molecules containing heavy atoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- 1Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie Ultrarapide, ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Abstract
The properties of transition metal complexes are interesting not only for their potential applications in solar energy conversion, OLEDs, molecular electronics, biology, photochemistry, etc. but also for their fascinating photophysical properties that call for a rethinking of fundamental concepts. With the advent of ultrafast spectroscopy over 25 years ago and, more particularly, with improvements in the past 10-15 years, a new area of study was opened that has led to insightful observations of the intramolecular relaxation processes such as internal conversion (IC), intersystem crossing (ISC), and intramolecular vibrational redistribution (IVR). Indeed, ultrafast optical spectroscopic tools, such as fluorescence up-conversion, show that in many cases, intramolecular relaxation processes can be extremely fast and even shorter than time scales of vibrations. In addition, more and more examples are appearing showing that ultrafast ISC rates do not scale with the magnitude of the metal spin-orbit coupling constant, that is, that there is no heavy-atom effect on ultrafast time scales. It appears that the structural dynamics of the system and the density of states play a crucial role therein. While optical spectroscopy delivers an insightful picture of electronic relaxation processes involving valence orbitals, the photophysics of metal complexes involves excitations that may be centered on the metal (called metal-centered or MC) or the ligand (called ligand-centered or LC) or involve a transition from one to the other or vice versa (called MLCT or LMCT). These excitations call for an element-specific probe of the photophysics, which is achieved by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. In this case, transitions from core orbitals to valence orbitals or higher allow probing the electronic structure changes induced by the optical excitation of the valence orbitals, while also delivering information about the geometrical rearrangement of the neighbor atoms around the atom of interest. With the emergence of new instruments such as X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs), it is now possible to perform ultrafast laser pump/X-ray emission probe experiments. In this case, one probes the density of occupied states. These core-level spectroscopies and other emerging ones, such as photoelectron spectroscopy of solutions, are delivering a hitherto unseen degree of detail into the photophysics of metal-based molecular complexes. In this Account, we will give examples of applications of the various methods listed above to address specific photophysical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Chergui
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Laboratoire de Spectroscopie
Ultrarapide, ISIC, Faculté des Sciences de Base, Station 6, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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12
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Molesky BP, Giokas PG, Guo Z, Moran AM. Multidimensional resonance raman spectroscopy by six-wave mixing in the deep UV. J Chem Phys 2014; 141:114202. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4894846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Molesky
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Paul G. Giokas
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Zhenkun Guo
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
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13
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Zheng H, Caram JR, Dahlberg PD, Rolczynski BS, Viswanathan S, Dolzhnikov DS, Khadivi A, Talapin DV, Engel GS. Dispersion-free continuum two-dimensional electronic spectrometer. APPLIED OPTICS 2014; 53:1909-17. [PMID: 24663470 PMCID: PMC4349747 DOI: 10.1364/ao.53.001909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Accepted: 02/06/2014] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic dynamics span broad energy scales with ultrafast time constants in the condensed phase. Two-dimensional (2D) electronic spectroscopy permits the study of these dynamics with simultaneous resolution in both frequency and time. In practice, this technique is sensitive to changes in nonlinear dispersion in the laser pulses as time delays are varied during the experiment. We have developed a 2D spectrometer that uses broadband continuum generated in argon as the light source. Using this visible light in phase-sensitive optical experiments presents new challenges in implementation. We demonstrate all-reflective interferometric delays using angled stages. Upon selecting an ~180 nm window of the available bandwidth at ~10 fs compression, we probe the nonlinear response of broadly absorbing CdSe quantum dots and electronic transitions of Chlorophyll a.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibin Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Justin R. Caram
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Peter D. Dahlberg
- Program in the Biophysical Sciences, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Brian S. Rolczynski
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Subha Viswanathan
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dmitriy S. Dolzhnikov
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Amir Khadivi
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Dmitri V. Talapin
- Department of Chemistry and The James Franck Institute, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
| | - Gregory S. Engel
- Department of Chemistry, The James Franck Institute, and The Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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14
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Photochemistry of Nucleic Acid Bases and Their Thio- and Aza-Analogues in Solution. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2014; 355:245-327. [DOI: 10.1007/128_2014_554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
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15
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Molesky BP, Moran AM. Fourth-Order Perturbative Model for Photoinduced Internal Conversion Processes. J Phys Chem A 2013; 117:13954-66. [DOI: 10.1021/jp4079162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian P. Molesky
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Andrew M. Moran
- Department
of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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