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Tian B, Li J, Samad A, Schwingenschlögl U, Lanza M, Zhang X. Production of Large-Area Nucleus-Free Single-Crystal Graphene-Mesh Metamaterials with Zigzag Edges. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2201253. [PMID: 35307871 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202201253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In addition to conventional monolayer or bilayer graphene films, graphene-mesh metamaterials have attracted considerable research attention within the scientific community owing to their unique physical and optical properties. Currently, most graphene-mesh metamaterials are fabricated using common lithography techniques on exfoliated graphene flakes, which require the deposition and removal of chemicals during fabrication. This process may introduce contamination or doping, thereby limiting their production size and application in nanodevices. Herein, the controlled production of wafer-scale high-quality single-crystal nucleus-free graphene-mesh metamaterial films with zigzag edges is demonstrated. The 13 C-isotopic labeling graphene-growth approach, large-area Raman mapping techniques, and a uniquely designed high-voltage localized-space air-ionization etching method are utilized to directly remove the graphene nuclei. Subsequently, a hydrogen-assisted anisotropic etching process is employed for transforming irregular edges into zigzag edges within the hexagonal-shaped holes, producing a large-scale single-crystal high-quality graphene-mesh metamaterial film on a Cu(111) substrate. The carrier mobilities of the fabricated field-effect transistors on the as-produced films are measured. The findings of this study enable the large-scale production of high-quality low-dimensional graphene-mesh metamaterials and provide insights for the application of integrated circuits based on graphene and other 2D metamaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tian
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Junzhu Li
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
- Eleven-Dimensional Nanomaterial Research Institute, Xiamen, 361000, China
| | - Abdus Samad
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Udo Schwingenschlögl
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mario Lanza
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
| | - Xixiang Zhang
- Physical Science and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia
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Xu W, Huang Y, Zhao X, Jiang X, Yang T, Zhu H. Patterning of graphene for highly sensitive strain sensing on various curved surfaces. NANO SELECT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/nano.202000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Xu
- Tribology Research Institute School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
- Microsystem and Terahertz Research Center Institute of Electronic Engineering China Academy of Engineering Physics Mianyang 621900 China
| | - Yuehua Huang
- College of Engineering and Technology Southwest University Chongqing 400715 China
| | - Xuanliang Zhao
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Xin Jiang
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
| | - Tingting Yang
- Tribology Research Institute School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong University Chengdu 610031 China
| | - Hongwei Zhu
- State Key Lab of New Ceramics and Fine Processing School of Materials Science and Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China
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Lebioda M, Pawlak R, Szymański W, Kaczorowski W, Jeziorna A. Laser Patterning a Graphene Layer on a Ceramic Substrate for Sensor Applications. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20072134. [PMID: 32290089 PMCID: PMC7181160 DOI: 10.3390/s20072134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes a method for patterning the graphene layer and gold electrodes on a ceramic substrate using a Nd:YAG nanosecond fiber laser. The technique enables the processing of both layers and trimming of the sensor parameters. The main aim was to develop a technique for the effective and efficient shaping of both the sensory layer and the metallic electrodes. The laser shaping method is characterized by high speed and very good shape mapping, regardless of the complexity of the processing. Importantly, the technique enables the simultaneous shaping of both the graphene layer and Au electrodes in a direct process that does not require a complex and expensive masking process, and without damaging the ceramic substrate. Our results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed laser technology for shaping a graphene layer and Au electrodes. The ceramic substrate can be used in the construction of various types of sensors operating in a wide temperature range, especially the cryogenic range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Lebioda
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-426-312-537
| | - Ryszard Pawlak
- Institute of Electrical Engineering Systems, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Witold Szymański
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Witold Kaczorowski
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
| | - Agata Jeziorna
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Lodz, Poland; (W.S.); (W.K.); (A.J.)
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Mortazavi S, Mollabashi M, Barri R, Jones K, Xiao JQ, Opila RL, Shah SI. Modification of graphene oxide film properties using KrF laser irradiation. RSC Adv 2018; 8:12808-12814. [PMID: 35541249 PMCID: PMC9079612 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra00097b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Modification of various properties of graphene oxide (GO) films on SiO2/Si substrate under KrF laser radiation was extensively studied. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy and the electrical resistance measurements were employed to correlate the effects of laser irradiation on structural, chemical and electrical properties of GO films under different laser fluences. Raman spectroscopy shows reduced graphene oxide patterns with increased I 2D/I G ratios in irradiated samples. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy shows a high ratio of carbon to oxygen atoms in the reduced graphene oxide (rGO) films compared to the pristine GO films. X-ray diffraction patterns display a significant drop in the diffraction peak intensity after laser irradiation. Finally, the electrical resistance of irradiated GO films reduced by about four orders of magnitudes compared to the unirradiated GO films. Simultaneously, reduction and patterning of GO films display promising fabrication technique that can be useful for many graphene-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somayeh Mortazavi
- School of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16844 Iran +98 7302 1452 +98 7322 5858
| | - Mahmoud Mollabashi
- School of Physics, Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran 16844 Iran +98 7302 1452 +98 7322 5858
| | - Rasoul Barri
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Kevin Jones
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - John Q Xiao
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - Robert L Opila
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
| | - S Ismat Shah
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
- Department of Materials Sciences and Engineering, University of Delaware Newark DE 19716 USA
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Kumar R, Singh RK, Singh DP, Joanni E, Yadav RM, Moshkalev SA. Laser-assisted synthesis, reduction and micro-patterning of graphene: Recent progress and applications. Coord Chem Rev 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Rubio-Pereda P, Vilhena JG, Takeuchi N, Serena PA, Pérez R. Albumin (BSA) adsorption onto graphite stepped surfaces. J Chem Phys 2017; 146:214704. [PMID: 28595417 PMCID: PMC5457296 DOI: 10.1063/1.4984037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanomaterials are good candidates for the design of novel components with biomedical applications. For example, nano-patterned substrates may be used to immobilize protein molecules in order to integrate them in biosensing units. Here, we perform long MD simulations (up to 200 ns) using an explicit solvent and physiological ion concentrations to characterize the adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) onto a nano-patterned graphite substrate. We have studied the effect of the orientation and step size on the protein adsorption and final conformation. Our results show that the protein is stable, with small changes in the protein secondary structure that are confined to the contact area and reveal the influence of nano-structuring on the spontaneous adsorption, protein-surface binding energies, and protein mobility. Although van der Waals (vdW) interactions play a dominant role, our simulations reveal the important role played by the hydrophobic lipid-binding sites of the BSA molecule in the adsorption process. The complex structure of these sites, that incorporate residues with different hydrophobic character, and their flexibility are crucial to understand the influence of the ion concentration and protein orientation in the different steps of the adsorption process. Our study provides useful information for the molecular engineering of components that require the immobilization of biomolecules and the preservation of their biological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Rubio-Pereda
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - J G Vilhena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noboru Takeuchi
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 22800 Ensenada, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Pedro A Serena
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid (ICMM), CSIC, c/ Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rubén Pérez
- Departamento de Física Teórica de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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7
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Das SR, Nian Q, Cargill AA, Hondred JA, Ding S, Saei M, Cheng GJ, Claussen JC. 3D nanostructured inkjet printed graphene via UV-pulsed laser irradiation enables paper-based electronics and electrochemical devices. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:15870-15879. [PMID: 27510913 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr04310k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Emerging research on printed and flexible graphene-based electronics is beginning to show tremendous promise for a wide variety of fields including wearable sensors and thin film transistors. However, post-print annealing/reduction processes that are necessary to increase the electrical conductivity of the printed graphene degrade sensitive substrates (e.g., paper) and are whole substrate processes that are unable to selectively anneal/reduce only the printed graphene-leaving sensitive device components exposed to damaging heat or chemicals. Herein a pulsed laser process is introduced that can selectively irradiate inkjet printed reduced graphene oxide (RGO) and subsequently improve the electrical conductivity (Rsheet∼0.7 kΩ□(-1)) of printed graphene above previously published reports. Furthermore, the laser process is capable of developing 3D petal-like graphene nanostructures from 2D planar printed graphene. These visible morphological changes display favorable electrochemical sensing characteristics-ferricyanide cyclic voltammetry with a redox peak separation (ΔEp) ≈ 0.7 V as well as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amperometry with a sensitivity of 3.32 μA mM(-1) and a response time of <5 s. Thus this work paves the way for not only paper-based electronics with graphene circuits, it enables the creation of low-cost and disposable graphene-based electrochemical electrodes for myriad applications including sensors, biosensors, fuel cells, and theranostic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suprem R Das
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
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Weber NE, Wundrack S, Stosch R, Turchanin A. Direct Growth of Patterned Graphene. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2016; 12:1440-1445. [PMID: 26765943 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201502931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The direct growth of single-layer graphene patterns via electron irradiation of aromatic self-assembled monolayers and subsequent annealing is demonstrated. In this way, a reduction in the number of necessary manufacturing steps is achieved. The formed micro- and nanostructures can be arbitrarily shaped and eventually implemented in a manifold of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nils-Eike Weber
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Stefan Wundrack
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Rainer Stosch
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, 38116, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Andrey Turchanin
- Faculty of Physics, University of Bielefeld, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, 07743, Germany
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