1
|
Chen L, Cai J, Zhen Y, Ou C, Ding X, Lin J. Ultraviolet Organic Laser from Rhombus Microcrystal: Benefits of Single-Molecule Emission from Twisted Structure. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1028-1033. [PMID: 38253018 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Light-emitting molecular crystals with efficient emission behavior are crucial for fabricating low-threshold ultraviolet organic lasers. Herein, we demonstrated a rhombus microcrystal from a fluorene-based conjugated molecule (CL-1) with robust emission behavior for an ultraviolet organic laser. Due to the synergistic effect of twisted intramolecular conformation and weak π-interaction, the CL-1 single crystal showed an extremely high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of ∼82%, due to their single-molecule excitonic behavior. Considering the diverse noncovalent interactions, CL-1 molecules easily self-assembled into the rhombus microcrystals. Finally, a low-threshold ultraviolet organic laser was fabricated with a sharp emission at 379 nm, attributed to the 0-1 vibration band of a single CL-1 molecule, also further confirming the single twisted-molecule emission in crystal states. Precisely controlling the intramolecular twisted structure and intermolecular interaction of organic conjugated molecules is a precondition to obtain robust ultraviolet emission for optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Nanjing Polytechnic Institute, Nanjing 210048, China
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jiangli Cai
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yingying Zhen
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Changjin Ou
- Institute of Advanced Materials and Flexible Electronics (IAMFE), School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuehua Ding
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jinyi Lin
- Centre for Supramolecular Optoelectronics (CSO), Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), 30 South Puzhu Road, Nanjing 211816, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Fu Y, Ye Z, Liu D, Mu Y, Xiao J, Hu D, Ji S, Huo Y, Su SJ. Macrocyclic Engineering of Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitters for High-Efficiency Organic Light-Emitting Diodes. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2301929. [PMID: 37178057 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202301929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Several thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been studied and developed to realize high-performance organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). However, TADF macrocycles have not been sufficiently investigated owing to the synthetic challenges, resulting in limited exploration of their luminescent properties and the corresponding highly efficient OLEDs. In this study, a series of TADF macrocycles is synthesized using a modularly tunable strategy by introducing xanthones as acceptors and phenylamine derivatives as donors. A detailed analysis of their photophysical properties combined with fragment molecules reveals characteristics of high-performance macrocycles. The results indicate that: a) the ideal structure decreases the energy loss, which in turn reduces the non-radiative transitions; b) reasonable building blocks increase the oscillator strength providing a higher radiation transition rate; c) the horizontal dipole orientation (Θ) of the extended macrocyclic emitters is increased. Owing to the high photoluminescence quantum yields of ≈100% and 92% and excellent Θ of 80 and 79% for macrocycles MC-X and MC-XT in 5 wt% doped films, the corresponding devices exhibit record-high external quantum efficiencies of 31.6% and 26.9%, respectively, in the field of TADF macrocycles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zecong Ye
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Denghui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| | - Yingxiao Mu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jingping Xiao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Dehua Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shaomin Ji
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yanping Huo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Analytical & Testing Center, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shi-Jian Su
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, Institute of Polymer Optoelectronic Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Wu H, Jones LO, Mosquera MA, Stern CL, Schatz GC, Stoddart JF. Color-Tunable Upconversion-Emission Switch Based on Cocrystal-to-Cocrystal Transformation. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:1855-1865. [PMID: 36642916 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Cocrystal engineering, involving the assembly of two or more components into a highly ordered solid-state superstructure, has emerged as a popular strategy for tuning the photophysical properties of crystalline materials. The reversible co-assembly and disassembly of multicomponent cocrystals and their reciprocal transformation in the solid state remain challenging objectives. Herein, we report a color-tunable upconversion-emission switch based on the interconversion between two cocrystals. One red- and one yellow-emissive cocrystal, composed of an electron-deficient naphthalenediimide-based triangular macrocycle and different electron donors, have been obtained. The red- and yellow-emissive cocrystals undergo reversible transformations on exchanging the electron donors. Benefiting from intermolecular charge transfer interactions, the two cocrystals display superior two-photon excited upconversion emission. Accompanying the interconversion of the two cocrystals, their luminescent color changes between red and yellow, forming a dual-color upconversion-emission switch. This research provides a rare yet critical example involving precise control of cocrystal-to-cocrystal transformation and affords a reference for fabricating color-tunable nonlinear optical materials in the solid state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Huang Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Leighton O Jones
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Martín A Mosquera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry Building, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Charlotte L Stern
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - George C Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J Fraser Stoddart
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States.,School of Chemistry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.,Stoddart Institute of Molecular Science, Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.,ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311215, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Paired electrosynthesis in the CH3CN/CHal4 system: a one-pot procedure for diarylamines and N,N’-diarylbenzidines halogenation. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.141217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
5
|
Hawkins BA, Najib E, Du JJ, Lai F, Platts JA, Groundwater PW, Hibbs DE. Exploring the excited-state charge transfer fluorescence profile of 7-hydroxycoumarin and 2-methylimidazole - a combined X-ray diffraction and theoretical approach. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:13015-13025. [PMID: 35583143 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01235a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of 2-methylimidazole (2-MIM) addition on the fluorescence of ethyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate using low-cost density functional theory (DFT) and Time-Dependent DFT calculations on single crystal X-ray geometries of ethyl-7-hydroxy-2-oxo-2H-chromene-3-carboxylate hydrate (1), 2-MIM (2), and the 1 : 1 co-crystal of (1) and (2), (3). At low concentrations (1 : 1-1 : 10) of 2-MIM, the fluorophore shows a decrease in the fluorescence intensity, but at higher concentrations (above 1 : 10) the fluorescence excitation maximum shifted from 354 nm to 405 nm, with a significant emission intensity increase. The changed excitation and emission profile at high concentrations is due to the deprotonation of the coumarin's phenolic group, which was confirmed by the increased shielding of the aromatic protons in the titration 1H NMR spectra. The experimental fluorescence data between the 1 : 1 and 1 : 10 ratios agreed with the theoretical fluorescence data, with a redshift and decreased intensity when comparing (1) and (3). The data indicated that combining the fluorophore with 2-MIM increased levels of vibronic coupling between 2-MIM and the fluorophore decreasing de-excitation efficiency. These increased vibronic changes were due to charge transfer between the fluorophore and 2-MIM in (3). The subtle movement of the proton, H(5) toward N(2') (0.07 Å) caused a significant decrease in fluorescence due to electron density distribution (EDD) changes. This was identified by comparison of the EDD in the excited (S1) and ground (S0) states plotted as an isosurface of EDD difference. For the higher concentrations, an alternative excitation pathway was explored by modifying the crystal geometry of (3) based on 1H NMR spectroscopy data to resemble excitoplexes. Theses excitoplex geometries reflected the fluorescence profile of the fluorophore with high concentrations of 2-MIM; there were dramatic changes in the theoretical fluorescence pathway, which was 100% vibronic coupling compared to 15.31% in the free fluorophore. At this concentration, the de-excitation pathway causes remodelling of the lactone ring via stretching/breaking the CO bond in the S1 causing increased fluorescence by movement of the transition dipole moment. These results reflect previous studies, but the methods used are less experimentally and computationally expensive. This study is among the first to explain charge transfer fluorescence using crystalline geometries. This study will be of interest to the fields of crystal engineering and fluorescence spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bryson A Hawkins
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Elias Najib
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Jonathan J Du
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Felcia Lai
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - James A Platts
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Paul W Groundwater
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - David E Hibbs
- Sydney School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
On-surface photopolymerization of two-dimensional polymers ordered on the mesoscale. Nat Chem 2021; 13:730-736. [PMID: 34083780 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-021-00709-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The use of solid supports and ultra-high vacuum conditions for the synthesis of two-dimensional polymers is attractive, as it can enable thorough characterization, often with submolecular resolution, and prevent contamination. However, most on-surface polymerizations are thermally activated, which often leads to high defect densities and relatively small domain sizes. Here, we have obtained a porous two-dimensional polymer that is ordered on the mesoscale by the two-staged topochemical photopolymerization of fluorinated anthracene triptycene (fantrip) monomers on alkane-passivated graphite surfaces under ultra-high vacuum. First, the fantrip monomers self-assemble into highly ordered monolayer structures, where all anthracene moieties adopt a suitable arrangement for photopolymerization. Irradiation with violet light then induces complete covalent crosslinking by [4+4] photocycloaddition to form a two-dimensional polymer, while fully preserving the long-range order of the self-assembled structure. The extent of the polymerization is confirmed by local infrared spectroscopy and scanning tunnelling microscopy characterization, in agreement with density functional theory calculations, which also gives mechanistic insights.
Collapse
|
7
|
Enhanced solid-state photoluminescence and fluorescence spectral behaviors for an ESIPT molecule: An experimental and theoretical investigation. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2020.114176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Nagami T, Tonami T, Okada K, Yoshida W, Miyamoto H, Nakano M. Vibronic coupling density analysis and quantum dynamics simulation for singlet fission in pentacene and its halogenated derivatives. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:134302. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0024746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Nagami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Takayoshi Tonami
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Okada
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Wataru Yoshida
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Hajime Miyamoto
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Nakano
- Department of Materials Engineering Science, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Center for Spintronics Research Network (CSRN), Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
- Quantum Information and Quantum Biology Division, Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-8531, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bi H, Palma CA, Gong Y, Stallhofer K, Nuber M, Jing C, Meggendorfer F, Wen S, Yam C, Kienberger R, Elbing M, Mayor M, Iglev H, Barth JV, Reichert J. Electron–Phonon Coupling in Current-Driven Single-Molecule Junctions. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:3384-3391. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b07757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hai Bi
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Carlos-Andres Palma
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100190 Beijing, P. R. China
- Department of Physics & IRIS Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Newtonstr. 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yuxiang Gong
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Klara Stallhofer
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthias Nuber
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Chao Jing
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Felix Meggendorfer
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Shizheng Wen
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - ChiYung Yam
- Beijing Computational Science Research Center, 100084 Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Reinhard Kienberger
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Mark Elbing
- Department of Applied Natural Sciences, TH Lübeck, Mönkhofer Weg 239, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Karlsruhe, Germany
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, St Johannsring 19, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hristo Iglev
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Johannes V. Barth
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Joachim Reichert
- Physics Department, Technical University of Munich, James-Franck-Str. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Beltrán-Leiva MJ, Solis-Céspedes E, Páez-Hernández D. The role of the excited state dynamic of the antenna ligand in the lanthanide sensitization mechanism. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:7444-7450. [DOI: 10.1039/d0dt01132k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
A fragmentation scheme has been used to describe the photophysical phenomena associated with the antenna effect in organometallic lanthanide complexes. The theoretical protocol allows justifying the sensitization pathways.
Collapse
|
11
|
Ma L, Yu Y, Jiao B, Hou X, Wu Z. Theoretical evidence of low-threshold amplified spontaneous emission in organic emitters: transition density and intramolecular vibrational mode analysis. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:19515-19524. [PMID: 29999056 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01448e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Organic gain materials are highly attractive for lasing due to their chemical tunability and large stimulated emission cross sections. In previous reports, the radiative decay rate kr was considered as an important factor to determine outstanding amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) performance of organic molecules. In this study, we use quantum mechanics to reveal the influential factors on photophysical properties of organic emitters, and give insight into the effect of kr on ASE performance. Based on the theoretical analysis of three molecules with similar structure, calculated results show that large kr derives from enhanced transition density ρ between the electronic wave functions of the ground-state and the lowest excited singlet state as well as a handful of low-frequency torsional modes with small Huang-Rhys factor S, further, kr values are calculated depending on molecular vibration terms. In addition, through the analysis of non-radiative decay rate knr considering vibration terms (vibronic coupling constants), the comparison of kr and knr shows that the radiative decay process is promoted in the three molecules. The two aspects are desired for outstanding ASE performance. Our work shows that the roles of transition density and vibrational modes are crucial to clarify the photophysical properties, which govern the ASE performance in organic light emitters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ma
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, P. R. China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dong S, Xu W, Guo H, Yan W, Zhang M, Li F. Effects of substituents on luminescent efficiency of stable triaryl methyl radicals. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:18657-18662. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp01492b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The factors affecting the photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) of perchlorotriphenyl methyl (PTM) and tris(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)methyl (TTM) radical derivatives were studied systematically for the first time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Haoqing Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Wenfu Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Inorganic Synthesis and Preparative Chemistry
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun 130012
- P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| | - Feng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials
- College of Chemistry
- Jilin University
- Changchun
- P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Liu T, Exarhos AL, Alguire EC, Gao F, Salami-Ranjbaran E, Cheng K, Jia T, Subotnik JE, Walsh PJ, Kikkawa JM, Fakhraai Z. Birefringent Stable Glass with Predominantly Isotropic Molecular Orientation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:095502. [PMID: 28949582 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.095502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Birefringence in stable glasses produced by physical vapor deposition often implies molecular alignment similar to liquid crystals. As such, it remains unclear whether these glasses share the same energy landscape as liquid-quenched glasses that have been aged for millions of years. Here, we produce stable glasses of 9-(3,5-di(naphthalen-1-yl)phenyl)anthracene molecules that retain three-dimensional shapes and do not preferentially align in a specific direction. Using a combination of angle- and polarization-dependent photoluminescence and ellipsometry experiments, we show that these stable glasses possess a predominantly isotropic molecular orientation while being optically birefringent. The intrinsic birefringence strongly correlates with increased density, showing that molecular ordering is not required to produce stable glasses or optical birefringence, and provides important insights into the process of stable glass formation via surface-mediated equilibration. To our knowledge, such novel amorphous packing has never been reported in the past.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Annemarie L Exarhos
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Ethan C Alguire
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Feng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | | | - Kevin Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Tiezheng Jia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Joseph E Subotnik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Patrick J Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - James M Kikkawa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Zahra Fakhraai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang Z, Tang ML. Designing Transmitter Ligands That Mediate Energy Transfer between Semiconductor Nanocrystals and Molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b08783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Huang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| | - Ming L. Tang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, California 92521, United States
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Sato T, Haruta N, Tanaka K. Thermodynamical vibronic coupling constant and density: Chemical potential and vibronic coupling in reactions. Chem Phys Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2016.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
16
|
Pandith A, Kumar A, Lee JY, Kim HS. 9-Anthracenecarboxamide fluorescent probes for selective discrimination of picric acid from mono- and di-nitrophenols in ethanol. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
17
|
Fluorescence enhancement of non-fluorescent triphenylamine: A recipe to utilize carborane cluster substituents. Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
18
|
Kameoka Y, Uebe M, Ito A, Sato T, Tanaka K. Fluorescent triphenylamine derivative: Theoretical design based on reduced vibronic coupling. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
19
|
Uejima M, Sato T, Detani M, Wakamiya A, Suzuki F, Suzuki H, Fukushima T, Tanaka K, Murata Y, Adachi C, Kaji H. A designed fluorescent anthracene derivative: Theory, calculation, synthesis, and characterization. Chem Phys Lett 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2014.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
|
20
|
Uejima M, Sato T, Yokoyama D, Tanaka K, Park JW. Quantum yield in blue-emitting anthracene derivatives: vibronic coupling density and transition dipole moment density. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:14244-56. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp01428f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Diagonal vibronic couplings in the Franck–Condon S1 state cause torsional distortion, which gives rise to enhancement of fluorescence with a large transition dipole moment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Uejima
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Tohru Sato
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Unit of Elements Strategy Initiative for Catalysts & Batteries
| | - Daisuke Yokoyama
- Department of Organic Device Engineering and Research Center of Organic Electronics (ROEL)
- Yamagata University
- Yonezawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Tanaka
- Department of Molecular Engineering
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Kyoto University
- Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jong-Wook Park
- Department of Chemistry/Display Research Center
- The Catholic University of Korea
- Bucheon 420-743, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|