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Rublev P, Tkachenko NV, Dub PA, Boldyrev AI. On the existence of CO 32- microsolvated clusters: a theoretical study. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:14046-14055. [PMID: 37161655 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp00955f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Microsolvated clusters of multiply charged anions play a crucial role in atmospheric chemistry and some of them were previously registered experimentally. At the same time, there are no experimental observations of [CO3·(H2O)n]2-. The reasons for this may be related to the thermodynamical or kinetical instability of microsolvated CO32- toward autoionization or autoprotonation processes. In this study we theoretically investigate the potential stability of the [CO3·(H2O)n]2- microsolvated clusters from both perspectives - thermodynamic and kinetic - and we claim they are stable toward autoionization and kinetically semi-stable toward autoprotonation. In addition, the behaviour of CO32- anions in bulk water solvent was analysed to highlight important precautions for synthetic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Rublev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
| | - Nikolay V Tkachenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
| | - Pavel A Dub
- Schrödinger Inc., San Diego, California 92121, USA
| | - Alexander I Boldyrev
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322, USA.
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Kaupp M, Schattenberg CJ, Müller R, Reimann M. Unusually Large Effects of Charge-assisted C-H⋅⋅⋅F Hydrogen Bonds to Anionic Fluorine in Organic Solvents: Computational Study of 19 F NMR Shifts versus Thermochemistry. Chemistry 2022; 11:e202200146. [PMID: 35984672 PMCID: PMC9716039 DOI: 10.1002/open.202200146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A comparison of computed 19 F NMR chemical shifts and experiment provides evidence for large specific solvent effects for fluoride-type anions interacting with the σ*(C-H) orbitals in organic solvents like MeCN or CH2 Cl2 . We show this for systems ranging from the fluoride ion and the bifluoride ion [FHF]- to polyhalogen anions [ClFx ]- . Discrepancies between computed and experimental shifts when using continuum solvent models like COSMO or force-field-based descriptions like the 3D-RISM-SCF model show specific orbital interactions that require a quantum-mechanical treatment of the solvent molecules. This is confirmed by orbital analyses of the shielding constants, while less negatively charged fluorine atoms (e. g., in [EF4 ]- ) do not require such quantum-mechanical treatments to achieve reasonable accuracy. The larger 19 F solvent shift of fluoride in MeCN compared to water is due to the larger coordination number in the former. These observations are due to unusually strong charge-assisted C-H⋅⋅⋅F- hydrogen bonds, which manifest beyond some threshold negative natural charge on fluorine of ca. < -0.6 e. The interactions are accompanied by sizable free energies of solvation, in the order F- ≫[FHF]- >[ClF2 ]- >[ClF4 ]- . COSMO-RS solvation free energies tend to moderately underestimate those from the micro-solvated cluster treatment. Red-shifted and intense vibrational C-H stretching bands, potentially accessible in bulk solution, are further spectroscopic finger prints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Kaupp
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Caspar J. Schattenberg
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Robert Müller
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
| | - Marc Reimann
- Technische Universität BerlinInstitut für Chemie, Theoretische Chemie/QuantenchemieSekr. C7, Strasse des 17. Juni 13510623BerlinGermany
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Varadwaj PR, Varadwaj A, Marques HM, Yamashita K. Significance of hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions in determining octahedral tilting in the CH 3NH 3PbI 3 hybrid organic-inorganic halide perovskite solar cell semiconductor. Sci Rep 2019; 9:50. [PMID: 30631082 PMCID: PMC6328624 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-36218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The CH3NH3PbI3 (methylammonium lead triiodide) perovskite semiconductor system has been viewed as a blockbuster research material during the last five years. Because of its complicated architecture, several of its technological, physical and geometrical issues have been examined many times. Yet this has not assisted in overcoming a number of problems in the field nor in enabling the material to be marketed. For instance, these studies have not clarified the nature and type of hydrogen bonding and other noncovalent interactions involved; the origin of hysteresis; the actual role of the methylammonium cation; the nature of polarity associated with the tetragonal geometry; the unusual origin of various frontier orbital contributions to the conduction band minimum; the underlying phenomena of spin-orbit coupling that causes significant bandgap reduction; and the nature of direct-to-indirect bandgap transition features. Arising from many recent reports, it is now a common belief that the I···H–N interaction formed between the inorganic framework and the ammonium group of CH3NH3+ is the only hydrogen bonded interaction responsible for all temperature-dependent geometrical polymorphs of the system, including the most stable one that persists at low-temperatures, and the significance of all other noncovalent interactions has been overlooked. This study focussed only on the low temperature orthorhombic polymorph of CH3NH3PbI3 and CD3ND3PbI3, where D refers deuterium. Together with QTAIM, DORI and RDG based charge density analyses, the results of density functional theory calculations with PBE with and without van der Waals corrections demonstrate that the prevailing view of hydrogen bonding in CH3NH3PbI3 is misleading as it does not alone determine the a−b+a− tilting pattern of the PbI64− octahedra. This study suggests that it is not only the I···H/D–N, but also the I···H/D–C hydrogen/deuterium bonding and other noncovalent interactions (viz. tetrel-, pnictogen- and lump-hole bonding interactions) that are ubiquitous in the orthorhombic CH3NH3PbI3/CD3ND3PbI3 perovskite geometry. Their interplay determines the overall geometry of the polymorph, and are therefore responsible in part for the emergence of the functional optical properties of this material. This study also suggests that these interactions should not be regarded as the sole determinants of octahedral tilting since lattice dynamics is known to play a critical role as well, a common feature in many inorganic perovskites both in the presence and the absence of the encaged cation, as in CsPbI3/WO3 perovskites, for example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep R Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan. .,CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan. .,The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan.
| | - Arpita Varadwaj
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan.,CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan.,The National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8560, Japan
| | - Helder M Marques
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Koichi Yamashita
- Department of Chemical System Engineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo 7-3-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-8656, Japan.,CREST-JST, 7 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, 102-0076, Japan
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Nepal B, Scheiner S. Substituent Effects on the Binding of Halides by Neutral and Dicationic Bis(triazolium) Receptors. J Phys Chem A 2015; 119:13064-73. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.5b09738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Binod Nepal
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
| | - Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, Utah State University Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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