1
|
Wang J, Tian H, Li T, Sun Y, Zhou Z, Shi T. Mass spectral and theoretical investigations of N-C α bond cleavages in the disulfide-containing peptide TTCPYCKK and its analogues. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2022; 36:e9315. [PMID: 35411976 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE For disulfide-containing peptides, mass spectrometric analyses are rarely comparably studied between their dithiol and disulfide forms. Persulfide ions afforded from peptides with a disulfide ring are from either an unusual N-Cα bond cleavage or a canonical peptide bond cleavage; their isomeric structures are, however, not identified just from peaks of mass spectra. METHODS Isomeric structures of [C3 P4 X5 |C6 M ], [C3 MA P4 X5 |C6 MB ] and [P4 X5 C6 |C3 M ] were identified from a series of the X5 substituted dicysteine octapeptides using electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry for both their dithiol and disulfide forms. Formation mechanisms of different persulfide ions were investigated systematically by theoretical methods. Moreover, electrostatic potential-mapped molecular van der Waals surfaces were used to determine the stabilities of the intermediates, which gave a further evaluation of favored bond cleavage. RESULTS Mass spectral analyses indicated that the fragmented ions changed largely when an intramolecular disulfide bond was formed. New types of disulfide-containing fragmented ions [C3 P4 X5 |C6 M ] or [C3 MA P4 X5 |C6 MB ] were thus proposed. Energy analysis showed that the N-Cα cleavage was not competitive energetically with that of the amide bond for Y5 and its phosphorylated analogue. However, the N-Cα cleavage products dominated for the S5 - and T5 -containing peptides. Stabilities of the intermediates were found to be related with the electrostatic potential-mapped molecular van der Waals surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Persulfide ions containing more residues than previously found were proposed not only from b7 ions but also from y6 ions. In addition, a new kind of phosphorylated analogue, [C3 P4 p Y5 |C6 M ], is reported in this work. Our study provides convincing results for separating isomeric structures in the cases of N-Cα cleavages, which greatly assists in the structural identification of disulfide-containing peptides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| | - Hongwu Tian
- National Engineering Technology Center of Chirality Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tiejian Li
- National Engineering Technology Center of Chirality Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Ying Sun
- National Engineering Technology Center of Chirality Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Zongyi Zhou
- National Engineering Technology Center of Chirality Pharmaceuticals, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co. Ltd, Linyi, Shandong Province, China
| | - Tiesheng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, Shandong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hu Y, Li C, Xi S, Deng Z, Liu X, Cheetham AK, Wang J. Direct Pyrolysis of a Manganese-Triazolate Metal-Organic Framework into Air-Stable Manganese Nitride Nanoparticles. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2021; 8:2003212. [PMID: 33643801 PMCID: PMC7887590 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are being widely used to derive functional nanomaterials through pyrolysis, the actual mechanisms involved remain unclear. In the limited studies to date, elemental metallic species are found to be the initial products, which limits the variety of MOF-derived nanomaterials. Here, the pyrolysis of a manganese triazolate MOF is examined carefully in terms of phase transformation, reaction pathways, and morphology evolution in different conditions. Surprisingly, the formation of metal is not detected when manganese triazolate is pyrolyzed in an oxygen-free environment. Instead, a direct transformation into nanoparticles of manganese nitride, Mn2N x embedded in N-doped graphitic carbon took place. The electrically conductive Mn2N x nanoparticles show much better air stability than bulk samples and exhibit promising electrocatalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction. The findings on pyrolysis mechanisms expand the potential of MOF as a precursor to derive more functional nanomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yating Hu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
- Function HubHong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)S&T Building, Nansha IT ParkGuangzhou511458China
| | - Changjian Li
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Shibo Xi
- Institute of Chemical and Engineering SciencesAgency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR)1 Pesek Road, Jurong IslandSingapore627833Singapore
| | - Zeyu Deng
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Ximeng Liu
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| | - Anthony K. Cheetham
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
- Materials Research LaboratoryUniversity of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA93106USA
| | - John Wang
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringNational University of Singapore9 Engineering Drive 1Singapore117574Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang J, Wang C, Zhang H, Liu Y, Shi T. Mass spectral and theoretical investigations of the transient proton-bound dimers on the cleavage processes of the peptide GHK and its analogues. RSC Adv 2021; 11:4077-4086. [PMID: 35424374 PMCID: PMC8694339 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra07600g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Fragmentation mechanisms of the singly protonated peptides GHK, GHKH and HGHK have been investigated by mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. Fragmentation behavior of the protonated H-K amide bond in GHK was changed completely when a histidinyl residue was introduced into the C-terminus of GHK. The H-K amide bond breaking was a predominant pathway in the case of GHK and GHKH. For HGHK, the histidinyl residue at the N-terminus hampered significantly breaking of the H-K amide bond resulting in a high potential energy barrier; calculations indicated that this histidinyl effect played a vital role for the H-K amide bond fragmentation. Subsequent analysis of the fragmentation mechanism revealed that recombination processes of the hydrogen bonding for the intermediate products were all exergonic. Formation of a proton-bound dimer (PBD) lowering the energy barriers from a thermodynamic perspective for all the designed fragmentation pathways was demonstrated to be feasible by our systematic calculations. Moreover, the involvement of different PBDs was further confirmed by analyses of the reduced density gradient (RDG) isosurfaces and scatter maps. A dynamically favored pathway was likely via six-membered ring or nine-membered ring structures generated by the diketopiperazine as revealed by atom-in-molecules (AIM) analyses, since the steric interaction energies in the newly formed ring were estimated to be relatively small when compared to the products generated from a lactam and/or an oxazolone pathway. This is the first feasibility investigation from a dynamic viewpoint for formation of different rings involved in the lactam, oxazolone or diketopiperazine pathways in the fragmentation mechanisms proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zaozhuang Municipal Hospital Zaozhuang 277102 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong Province P. R. China
| | - Tiesheng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University Zaozhuang 277160 Shandong Province P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fan L, Wang J, Liu C, Shi T, Zhang XM, Xia Y, Fan L, Liu Y. Insight into nucleophilic fragmentation mechanisms by glutamic acid side chain in singly protonated glutathione and related peptidyl ions. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY (CHICHESTER, ENGLAND) 2020; 26:175-186. [PMID: 31874577 DOI: 10.1177/1469066719896708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fragmentation mechanisms of the singly protonated glutathione (γ-ECG) and its synthetic analogue peptides (ECG and PPECG) have been investigated by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry and theoretical calculations. In the mass spectra, similar fragmentation patterns were observed for γ-ECG and ECG, but a completely different one was found in the case of PPECG. The E-C amide bond cleavage is the predominant pathway for the fragmentation of γ-ECG and ECG, whereas the additional N-terminal prolyl residues in PPECG significantly suppress the E-C amide bond cleavage. Theoretical calculations reveal that the fragmentation efficiencies of the E-C bonds in the protonated γ-ECG and ECG are much higher than that in the protonated PPECG, being attributed to their lower barriers of the potential energy; clearly the introduction of two prolyl residues can increase substantially the potential energy barrier. In the proposed mechanism, the protonated E-C amide bonds in the three peptides are first weakened followed by a nucleophilic addition by the glutamyl carboxyl oxygen atom in side chain, leading to the breaking of the E-C amide bonds. However, the processes of E-C bond fragmentation for three protonated analogs were not collaborative. Protonated amide bonds first fragment, then the nucleophilic addition by the side chain of glutamyl carboxyl oxygen atom takes places. On the other hand, the prolyl residues in PPECG can largely diminish the nucleophilic addition, resulting in a much lower efficiency of its E-C amide bond breaking. Distance analysis indicates that breaking the E-C amide bonds in the protonated γ-ECG, ECG, and PPECG ions could not occur without the assistance from the nucleophilic attack, highlighting an asynchronous collaborative process in the bond breakings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Fan
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Jinhu Wang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Chunli Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Tiesheng Shi
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Xian-Man Zhang
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Yanqing Xia
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Anhui Guoping Pharmaceutical Inc., Hefei, China
| | - Yang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Zaozhuang University, Zaozhuang, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Comparison of internal conversion dynamics of azo and azoxy energetic moieties through the (S1/S0)CI conical Intersection: An ab initio multiple spawning study. Chem Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2018.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
6
|
Ghosh J, Banerjee S, Bhattacharya A. AIMS simulation study of ultrafast electronically nonadiabatic chemistry of methyl azide and UV–VIS spectroscopic study of azido-based energetic plasticizer bis(1,3-diazido prop-2-yl)malonate. Chem Phys 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chemphys.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
7
|
Cheng X. Cyclization mechanisms of the cyclic dimer of aziridine aldehyde with vinyl aldehyde. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
8
|
Wang JY, Liang J, Wu BD, An CW. Thermoanalysis and crystal structure of Ammonium 4-Amino-3-(5-tetrazolate)-furazan (NH4AFT). MAIN GROUP CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.3233/mgc-160212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Yu Wang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Engineering Technology Research Center for Ultrafine Powder, North University of China, Shanxi, China
| | - Jie Liang
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Engineering Technology Research Center for Ultrafine Powder, North University of China, Shanxi, China
| | - Bi-dong Wu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Engineering Technology Research Center for Ultrafine Powder, North University of China, Shanxi, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Inorganic Special Functional Materials, Yangzte Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chong-wei An
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, North University of China, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Engineering Technology Research Center for Ultrafine Powder, North University of China, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|