Suggs K, Msezane AZ. Doubly-Charged Negative Ions as Novel Tunable Catalysts: Graphene and Fullerene Molecules Versus Atomic Metals.
Int J Mol Sci 2020;
21:E6714. [PMID:
32933219 PMCID:
PMC7554846 DOI:
10.3390/ijms21186714]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The fundamental mechanism underlying negative-ion catalysis involves bond-strength breaking in the transition state (TS). Doubly-charged atomic/molecular anions are proposed as novel dynamic tunable catalysts, as demonstrated in water oxidation into peroxide. Density Functional Theory TS calculations have found a tunable energy activation barrier reduction ranging from 0.030 eV to 2.070 eV, with Si2-, Pu2-, Pa2- and Sn2- being the best catalysts; the radioactive elements usher in new application opportunities. C602- significantly reduces the standard C60- TS energy barrier, while graphene increases it, behaving like cationic systems. According to their reaction barrier reduction efficiency, variation across charge states and systems, rank-ordered catalysts reveal their tunable and wide applications, ranging from water purification to biocompatible antiviral and antibacterial sanitation systems.
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