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Chegel R. Tunable band gap and enhanced thermoelectric performance of tetragonal Germanene under bias voltage and chemical doping. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12023. [PMID: 37491446 PMCID: PMC10368748 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39318-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper employs the tight-binding model to investigate the thermal properties of tetragonal Germanene (T-Ge) affected by external fields and doping. T-Ge is a two-dimensional material with unique electronic properties, including zero band gap and two Dirac points. The electronic properties of T-Ge can be influenced by bias voltage, which can open its band gap and convert it to a semiconductor due to its buckling structure. The tunable band gap of biased T-Ge, makes it a a promising option for electronic and optoelectronic devices. The band structure of T-Ge is split by the magnetic field, leading to an increases its band edges due to the Zeeman Effect. The findings demonstrate that the thermoelectric properties of T-Ge are highly sensitive to external parameters and modifications of the band structure. The thermal and electrical conductivity of T-Ge increase with increasing temperature due to the rise in thermal energy of charge carriers. The thermoelectric properties of T-Ge decrease with bias voltage due to band gap opening, increase with the magnetic field due to a modifications of the band structure, and increase with chemical potential due to increasing density of charge carriers. By manipulating the band structure of T-Ge through bias voltage and chemical doping, the electrical conductivity can be optimized to achieve higher figure of merit (ZT) and improved thermoelectric performance. The results demonstrate the potential of T-Ge for use in electronic and magnetic devices, opening up new possibilities for further research and development in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raad Chegel
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran.
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Andriotis AN, Menon M. Decoupling 1D and 2D features of 2D sp-nanoribbons-the megatom model. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 35:095703. [PMID: 36535030 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acacde] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dependence of the electron energy band gap on the width of ansp-nanoribbon is investigated using a generalization of the 1D tight binding model for a chain of atoms. Within the proposed generalization, small linear atomic formations along lines perpendicular to the 2D ribbon axis are modeled as single large atoms calledmegatomswhose properties depend on the type, the size and the atomic conformation. Replacement of a 1D chain of atoms by that of the megatoms is accompanied by the incorporation of zeroth order 2D features into the 1D model approximation of the nanoribbon. We use this model to investigate the oscillating band gap of ansp-nanoribbon in terms of the ribbon's width. Results are presented for the width dependence of the energy gap of the zig-zag Si2BN nanoribbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis N Andriotis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, PO Box 1527, Heraklio 71110, Crete, Greece
| | - Madhu Menon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
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Thomas S, Kulangara Madam A, Asle Zaeem M. From Fundamental to CO2 and COCl2 Gas Sensing Properties of Pristine and Defective Si2BN Monolayer. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:4394-4406. [DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05590a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The capability of Si2BN monolayer (Si2BN-ML) in sensing CO2 and COCl2 molecules is investigated by analyzing the structural, electronic, mechanical and gas sensing properties of defect-free and defective Si2BN-ML. Electronic...
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Zhu P, Zu Y, Kuai Y, Gao S, Wu G, Chen W, Wu L, Chen C, Liu G. Novel high-performance anodic materials for lithium ion batteries: two-dimensional Sn-X (X = C, Si, and Ge) alloy monolayers. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:26428-26437. [PMID: 34797354 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp04426e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have always been the focus of researchers for energy storage applications. Here, the first-principles density functional theory method was used to explore the possibility of using stanene derived structures as LIB anodes. And such two-dimensional structures are similar to graphene or stanene, but half of the Sn atoms are replaced by group-IV atoms to form new structures, which are called Sn-X (X = C, Si, and Ge). Our calculation results showed that the optimized structure, lattice constant and other parameters are consistent with those reported in previous studies. Meanwhile, we found out that the semiconductor properties of pristine Sn-X transform into metal properties after the adsorption of Li. Then, by calculating the adsorption concentration of Li ions on the Sn-X monolayers, we found that these kinds of materials can meet the requirements of battery anodes very well, not only in terms of their open-circuit voltage, but also storage capacity. For Sn-Si and Sn-Ge, their theoretical capacities can be as high as 1095.78 mA h g-1 (Li6Sn-Si) and 840.88 mA h g-1 (Li6Sn-Ge). At last, based on the investigation of their diffusion path, Sn-X has been found to have high charge and discharge rates because of its low barrier. By reason of the foregoing, 2D Sn-X monolayers will be excellent battery anodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
| | - Yunxiao Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
| | - Yue Kuai
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Shuli Gao
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Ge Wu
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Wen Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Liyuan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory for Biomedical Effects of Nanomaterials and Nanosafety, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China.
| | - Changcheng Chen
- School of Science, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 7, 10055, China.
| | - Gang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100876, China. .,School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100, 876, China
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Fthenakis ZG, Jaishi M, Narayanan B, Andriotis AN, Menon M. High temperature stability, metallic character and bonding of the Si 2BN planar structure. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:165001. [PMID: 33445169 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/abdbe9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The family of monolayered Si2BN structures constitute a new class of 2D materials exhibiting metallic character with remarkable stability. Topologically, these structures are very similar to graphene, forming a slightly distorted honeycomb lattice generated by a union of two basic motifs with AA and AB stacking. In the present work we study in detail the structural and electronic properties of these structures in order to understand the factors which are responsible for their structural differences as well as those which are responsible for their metallic behavior and bonding. Their high temperature stability is demonstrated by the calculations of finite temperature phonon modes which show no negative contributions up to and beyond 1000 K. Presence of the negative thermal expansion coefficient, a common feature of one-atom thick 2D structures, is also seen. Comparison of the two motifs reveal the main structural differences to be the differences in their bond angles, which are affected by the third nearest neighbor interactions ofcis-transtype. On the other hand, the electronic properties of these two structures are very similar, including the charge transfers occurring between orbitals and between atoms. Their metallicity is mainly due to thepzorbitals of Si with a minor contribution from thepzorbitals of B, while the contribution from thepzorbitals of N atoms is negligible. There is almost no contributions from the Npzelectrons to the energy states near the Fermi level, and they form a band well below it. I.e., thepzelectrons of N are localized mostly at the N atoms and therefore cannot be considered as mobile electrons of thepzcloud. Moreover, we show that due to the relative positions in the energy axis of the atomic energies of thepzorbitals of B, N and Si atoms, the density of states (DOS) of Si2BN can be considered qualitatively as a combination of the DOS of planar hexagonal BN (h-BN) and hypothetically planar silicene (ph-Si). As a result, the Si2BN behaves electronically at the Fermi level as slightly perturbed ph-Si, having very similar electronic properties as silicene, but with the advantage of having kinetic stability in planar form. As for the bonding, the Si-Si bonds are covalent, while theπback donation mechanism occurs for the B-N bonding, in accordance with the B-N bonding in h-BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zacharias G Fthenakis
- Theoretical and Physical Chemistry Institute, National Hellenic Research Foundation, GR-11635, Athens, Greece
- Department of Surveying and Geoinformatics Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243, Athens, Greece
- Department of Marine Engineering, University of West Attica, GR-12243, Athens, Greece
| | - Meghnath Jaishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States of America
| | - Badri Narayanan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, United States of America
| | - Antonis N Andriotis
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, FORTH, PO Box 1527, 71110 Heraklio, Crete, Greece
| | - Madhu Menon
- Conn Center for Renewable Energy Research, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, United States of America
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, United States of America
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