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Yu C, Shang P, Guo Y, Zhang Z. In Situ Heterodyne-Detected Second-Harmonic Generation Study of the Influence of Cholesterol on Dye Molecule Adsorption on Lipid Membrane. J Phys Chem B 2024; 128:1892-1899. [PMID: 38354410 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.3c07130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Cholesterol plays an essential role in regulating the functionality of biomembranes. This study employed in situ second-harmonic generation (SHG) to investigate the adsorption behavior of the dye molecule 4-(4-(diethylamino)styryl)-N-methyl-pyridinium iodide (D289) on a biomimic membrane composed of 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) (sodium salt) (DPPG) and cholesterol. The time-dependent polarization SHG intensity exhibited an initial rapid increase, followed by a subsequent decline. The initial increased SHG intensity is responsible for the electrostatic interaction-driven adsorption of D289 onto the membrane, while the decrease in the SHG signal results from the broadening of the orientation distribution within the membrane. Heterodyne-detected SHG (HD-SHG) measurements demonstrated that the adsorption of dye molecules influenced the phase of the induced electric field. The interfacial potential Φ(0) as a function of time was measured, and we found that even after reaching a stable Stern layer state, the diffusion layer continued to exhibit a dynamic change. This study offers a comprehensive understanding of the influence of cholesterol on adsorption, reorientation dynamics, and dynamic changes in the reorientation of water in the diffusion layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhui Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peng Shang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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Xu B, Li J, Zhang S, Zeb J, Chen S, Yuan Q, Gan W. The Transport of Charged Molecules across Three Lipid Membranes Investigated with Second Harmonic Generation. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28114330. [PMID: 37298807 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28114330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Subtle variations in the structure and composition of lipid membranes can have a profound impact on their transport of functional molecules and relevant cell functions. Here, we present a comparison of the permeability of bilayers composed of three lipids: cardiolipin, DOPG (1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol), and POPG (1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol)). The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of a charged molecule, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on vesicles composed of the three lipids were monitored by second harmonic generation (SHG) scattering from the vesicle surface. It is revealed that structural mismatching between the saturated and unsaturated alkane chains in POPG leads to relatively loose packing structure in the lipid bilayers, thus providing better permeability compared to unsaturated lipid bilayers (DOPG). This mismatching also weakens the efficiency of cholesterol in rigidifying the lipid bilayers. It is also revealed that the bilayer structure is somewhat disturbed by the surface curvature in small unilamellar vesicles (SUVs) composed of POPG and the conical structured cardiolipin. Such subtle information on the relationship between the lipid structure and the molecular transport capability of the bilayers may provide clues for drug development and other medical and biological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baomei Xu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Johar Zeb
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Shunli Chen
- Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structure Materials of Guangdong Province, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
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Blake MJ, Castillo HB, Curtis AE, Calhoun TR. Facilitating flip-flop: Structural tuning of molecule-membrane interactions in living bacteria. Biophys J 2023; 122:1735-1747. [PMID: 37041744 PMCID: PMC10209030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The first barrier that a small molecule must overcome before trespassing into a living cell is the lipid bilayer surrounding the intracellular content. It is imperative, therefore, to understand how the structure of a small molecule influences its fate in this region. Through the use of second harmonic generation, we show how the differing degrees of ionic headgroups, conjugated system, and branched hydrocarbon tail disparities of a series of four styryl dye molecules influence the propensity to "flip-flop" or to be further organized in the outer leaflet by the membrane. We show here that initial adsorption experiments match previous studies on model systems; however, more complex dynamics are observed over time. Aside from probe molecule structure, these dynamics also vary between cell species and can deviate from trends reported based on model membranes. Specifically, we show here that the membrane composition is an important factor to consider for headgroup-mediated small-molecule dynamics. Overall, the findings presented here on how structural variability of small molecules impacts their initial adsorption and eventual destinations within membranes in the context of living cells could have practical applications in antibiotic and drug adjuvant design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marea J Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Hannah B Castillo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Anna E Curtis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee
| | - Tessa R Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
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Page EF, Blake MJ, Foley GA, Calhoun TR. Monitoring membranes: The exploration of biological bilayers with second harmonic generation. CHEMICAL PHYSICS REVIEWS 2022; 3:041307. [PMID: 36536669 PMCID: PMC9756348 DOI: 10.1063/5.0120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nature's seemingly controlled chaos in heterogeneous two-dimensional cell membranes stands in stark contrast to the precise, often homogeneous, environment in an experimentalist's flask or carefully designed material system. Yet cell membranes can play a direct role, or serve as inspiration, in all fields of biology, chemistry, physics, and engineering. Our understanding of these ubiquitous structures continues to evolve despite over a century of study largely driven by the application of new technologies. Here, we review the insight afforded by second harmonic generation (SHG), a nonlinear optical technique. From potential measurements to adsorption and diffusion on both model and living systems, SHG complements existing techniques while presenting a large exploratory space for new discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor F. Page
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Marea J. Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Grant A. Foley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
| | - Tessa R. Calhoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA
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Hou Y, Li J, Li B, Yuan Q, Gan W. Combined Second Harmonic Generation and Fluorescence Analyses of the Structures and Dynamics of Molecules on Lipids Using Dual-Probes: A Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123778. [PMID: 35744902 PMCID: PMC9231091 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Revealing the structures and dynamic behaviors of molecules on lipids is crucial for understanding the mechanism behind the biophysical processes, such as the preparation and application of drug delivery vesicles. Second harmonic generation (SHG) has been developed as a powerful tool to investigate the molecules on various lipid membranes, benefiting from its natural property of interface selectivity, which comes from the principle of even order nonlinear optics. Fluorescence emission, which is in principle not interface selective but varies with the chemical environment where the chromophores locate, can reveal the dynamics of molecules on lipids. In this contribution, we review some examples, which are mainly from our recent works focusing on the application of combined spectroscopic methods, i.e., SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF), in studying the dynamic behaviors of several dyes or drugs on lipids and surfactants. This review demonstrates that molecules with both SHG and TPF efficiencies may be used as intrinsic dual-probes in plotting a clear physical picture of their own behaviors, as well as the dynamics of other molecules, on lipid membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hou
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China;
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, China; (Y.H.); (J.L.); (B.L.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
- Correspondence:
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Li B, Li J, Gan W, Tan Y, Yuan Q. Unveiling the Molecular Dynamics in a Living Cell to the Subcellular Organelle Level Using Second-Harmonic Generation Spectroscopy and Microscopy. Anal Chem 2021; 93:14146-14152. [PMID: 34648265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy has been proved to be a powerful method for investigating the structures of biomaterials. SHG spectra were also generally used to probe the adsorption and cross-membrane transport of molecules on lipid bilayers in situ and in real time. In this work, we applied SHG and two-photon fluorescence (TPF) spectra to investigate the dynamics of an amphiphilic ion with an SHG and TPF chromophore, D289 (4-(4-diethylaminostyry)-1-methyl-pyridinium iodide), on the surface of human chronic myelogenous leukemia (K562) cells and the subcellular structures inside the cells. The adsorption and cross-membrane transport of D289 into the cells and then into the organelles such as mitochondria were revealed. SHG images were also recorded and used to demonstrate their capability of probing molecular dynamics in organelles in K562 cells. This work demonstrated the first SHG investigation of the cross-membrane transport dynamics on the surface of subcellular organelles. It may also shed light on the differentiation of different types of subcellular structures in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bifei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Wei Gan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong; School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Graduate School at Shenzhen, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Qunhui Yuan
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Flexible Printed Electronics Technology, Also School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), University Town, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China
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