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Tamai N, Matsuki H, Goto M. Phase Imaging of Phosphatidylcholine Bilayer Membranes by Prodan Fluorescence. MEMBRANES 2022; 12:1219. [PMID: 36557126 PMCID: PMC9784652 DOI: 10.3390/membranes12121219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prodan (6-propiponyl-2-(N,N-dimethylamino)naphthalene) is well known as a polarity-sensitive fluorescent probe and has a high capability of detecting structural changes occurring within phospholipid bilayer membranes. In this study, we carried out the fluorescence spectroscopic observation of bilayer phase behavior for a series of symmetric saturated diacylphosphatidylcholines (CnPCs) with different acyl-chain length n (n = 12-15 and 19-22) using Prodan as a membrane probe to confirm the availability of Prodan along with the previous results for the CnPC bilayer membranes (n = 16-18). The results were discussed by constructing spectral three-dimensional (3D) imaging plots for visualizing the change in bilayer phase states with temperature or pressure to verify the functionality of this 3D imaging plot. It was found that the Prodan fluorescence technique is applicable to the detection of the changes in the bilayer phase states of all CnPCs with a few exceptions. One of the most crucial exceptions was that Prodan cannot be used for the detection of the bilayer-gel state of the C21PC bilayer membrane. It was also found that it is only to the CnPC bilayer membranes with n = 15-18 that the 3D imaging plot is adequately and accurately applicable as a useful graphical tool for visually detecting the bilayer phase states. This is a disadvantageous feature of this technique brought about by the high sensitivity of Prodan as a membrane probe. Further detailed studies on the molecular behavior of Prodan will enable us to find a more useful way of utilizing this membrane probe.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Masaki Goto
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-88-656-7520; Fax: +81-88-655-3162
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Matsuki H, Goto M, Motohashi M, Kiguchi A, Nakao T, Tamai N. Formation of intermediate gel-liquid crystalline phase on medium-chain phosphatidylcholine bilayers: Phase transitions depending on the bilayer packing. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1862:183197. [PMID: 31958435 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The bilayer phase transitions of medium-chain phosphatidylcholines with linear saturated acyl chains (Cn = 12, 13 and 14) were measured by high-pressure light-transmittance measurements and differential scanning calorimetry to investigate the formation of intermediate gel-liquid crystalline phase called Lx phase. The constructed phase diagrams showed that there existed a distinct region of the Lx phase between ripple gel (Pβ') and liquid crystalline (Lα) phase for multilamellar vesicle bilayers of C12PC and C13PC. The Lx phase of the C12PC bilayer was metastable at all pressures and disappeared at a higher pressure. In the C13PC bilayer, the Lx phase was stable and also disappeared at a higher pressure but its region markedly shrunk. By contrast, the Lx phase was not detected for the C14PC bilayer. Effects of other factors such as vesicle size and solvent substitution on the Lx phase of the C13PC bilayer were also examined. A decrease in vesicle size and solvent substitution from water to 50 wt% ethylene glycol solution promoted the Lx-phase formation as opposed to the effects of acyl-chain elongation and pressurization. The fluorescence data of the C13PC bilayer with different vesicle sizes showed that the Lx phase is caused by the difference of local packing in the bilayer. Considering these facts, we concluded that the Lx phase is an intermediate gel-Lα phase that has gel-phase monolayers with negative curvature and Lα-phase monolayers with positive curvature. The formation mechanism of the Lx-phase in stacked bilayers and dispersed vesicles is also explainable by this difference in packing state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Matsuki
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan.
| | - Masaki Goto
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
| | - Makiko Motohashi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Aoi Kiguchi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Toshiki Nakao
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
| | - Nobutake Tamai
- Department of Bioengineering, Division of Bioscience and Bioindustry, Graduate School of Technology, Industrial and Social Sciences, Tokushima University, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8513, Japan
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Matsuki H, Endo S, Sueyoshi R, Goto M, Tamai N, Kaneshina S. Thermotropic and barotropic phase transitions on diacylphosphatidylethanolamine bilayer membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1222-1232. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Goto M, Endo T, Yano T, Tamai N, Kohlbrecher J, Matsuki H. Comprehensive characterization of temperature- and pressure-induced bilayer phase transitions for saturated phosphatidylcholines containing longer chain homologs. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 128:389-397. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2015.02.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Matsuki H, Goto M, Tada K, Tamai N. Thermotropic and barotropic phase behavior of phosphatidylcholine bilayers. Int J Mol Sci 2013; 14:2282-302. [PMID: 23348926 PMCID: PMC3587988 DOI: 10.3390/ijms14022282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2012] [Revised: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Bilayers formed by phospholipids are frequently used as model biological membranes in various life science studies. A characteristic feature of phospholipid bilayers is to undergo a structural change called a phase transition in response to environmental changes of their surroundings. In this review, we focus our attention on phase transitions of some major phospholipids contained in biological membranes, phosphatidylcholines (PCs), depending on temperature and pressure. Bilayers of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), which is the most representative lipid in model membrane studies, will first be explained. Then, the bilayer phase behavior of various kinds of PCs with different molecular structures is revealed from the temperature-pressure phase diagrams, and the difference in phase stability among these PC bilayers is discussed in connection with the molecular structure of the PC molecules. Furthermore, the solvent effect on the phase behavior is also described briefly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hitoshi Matsuki
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (M.G.); (N.T.)
| | - Masaki Goto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (M.G.); (N.T.)
| | - Kaori Tada
- Department of Material Science and Technology, Kochi National College of Technology, 200-1 Monobe-otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8508, Japan; E-Mail:
| | - Nobutake Tamai
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan; E-Mails: (M.G.); (N.T.)
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Recent Progress in Density Functional Methodology for Biomolecular Modeling. STRUCTURE AND BONDING 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-32750-6_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Rodgers JM, Sørensen J, de Meyer FJM, Schiøtt B, Smit B. Understanding the Phase Behavior of Coarse-Grained Model Lipid Bilayers through Computational Calorimetry. J Phys Chem B 2012; 116:1551-69. [DOI: 10.1021/jp207837v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyn M. Rodgers
- Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Jesper Sørensen
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 118, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Frédérick J.-M. de Meyer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 101B Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Birgit Schiøtt
- Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Center (iNANO), Aarhus University, Ny Munkegade 118, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Center for Insoluble Protein Structures (inSPIN), Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Berend Smit
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 101B Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
- Materials Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, 101B Gilman Hall, Berkeley, California 94720-1462, United States
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Goto M, Wilk A, Kazama A, Chodankar S, Kohlbrecher J, Matsuki H. Chain elongation of diacylphosphatidylcholine induces fully bilayer interdigitation under atmospheric pressure. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2010; 84:44-8. [PMID: 21216568 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2010.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Revised: 12/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/05/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The phase transitions of dibehenoylphosphatidylcholine (C22PC) bilayer membrane were observed by differential scanning calorimetry under atmospheric pressure and light-transmittance measurements under high pressure. The constructed temperature-pressure phase diagram suggests that the gel phase at low temperatures is the interdigitated gel phase. To confirm the phase state, we performed small-angle neutron scattering and fluorescence measurements using a polarity-sensitive probe Prodan for the C22PC bilayer membrane under atmospheric pressure. The peaks obtained in both measurements clearly showed the characteristic patterns of the fully interdigitated gel phase. Taking into account of previous studies on the gel phase for long-chain PC bilayers under atmospheric pressure and our studies on the pressure-induced bilayer interdigitaion of diacyl-PCs, it turned out that the interdigitation of diacyl-PC bilayer membranes occurs when the carbon number of acyl chain reaches at least 22. The present study revealed that the interdigitation of PC bilayer membranes occurs not only by weakening the attractive force of polar head groups but also by strengthening the cohesive force of acyl chains. When dominating the force of acyl chains, the interdigitation can be induced even in a diacyl-PC bilayer membrane by only hydration under atmospheric pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Goto
- Department of Life System, Institute of Technology and Science, The University of Tokushima, Tokushima, Japan
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Skar-Gislinge N, Simonsen JB, Mortensen K, Feidenhans’l R, Sligar SG, Møller BL, Bjørnholm T, Arleth L. Elliptical structure of phospholipid bilayer nanodiscs encapsulated by scaffold proteins: casting the roles of the lipids and the protein. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:13713-22. [PMID: 20828154 PMCID: PMC4120756 DOI: 10.1021/ja1030613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phospholipid bilayers host and support the function of membrane proteins and may be stabilized in disc-like nanostructures, allowing for unprecedented solution studies of the assembly, structure, and function of membrane proteins (Bayburt et al. Nano Lett. 2002, 2, 853-856). Based on small-angle neutron scattering in combination with variable-temperature studies of synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering on nanodiscs in solution, we show that the fundamental nanodisc unit, consisting of a lipid bilayer surrounded by amphiphilic scaffold proteins, possesses intrinsically an elliptical shape. The temperature dependence of the curvature of the nanodiscs prepared with two different phospholipid types (DLPC and POPC) shows that it is the scaffold protein that determines the overall elliptical shape and that the nanodiscs become more circular with increasing temperature. Our data also show that the hydrophobic bilayer thickness is, to a large extent, dictated by the scaffolding protein and adjusted to minimize the hydrophobic mismatch between protein and phospholipid. Our conclusions result from a new comprehensive and molecular-based model of the nanodisc structure and the use of this to analyze the experimental scattering profile from nanodiscs. The model paves the way for future detailed structural studies of functional membrane proteins encapsulated in nanodiscs.
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Tada K, Miyazaki E, Goto M, Tamai N, Matsuki H, Kaneshina S. Barotropic and thermotropic bilayer phase behavior of positional isomers of unsaturated mixed-chain phosphatidylcholines. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1056-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2008] [Revised: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tada K, Saito K, Goto M, Tamai N, Matsuki H, Kaneshina S. High-pressure study on bilayer phase behavior of oleoylmyristoyl- and myristoyloleoyl-phosphatidylcholines. Biophys Chem 2008; 138:36-41. [PMID: 18804320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2008.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2008] [Revised: 08/26/2008] [Accepted: 08/26/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the thermotropic and barotropic bilayer phase behavior of 1-myristoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (MOPC) and 1-oleoyl-2-myristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (OMPC) by means of the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and high-pressure light-transmittance technique. Water could be used as a solvent for measurements at high pressures because of the elevation of the transition temperatures above 0 degrees C by pressurization, whereas aqueous 50 wt.% ethylene glycol solution was used mainly for those at low pressures. Only one phase transition was observed in the DSC thermogram of the MOPC bilayer membrane as an endothermic peak, and also observed at high pressures as an abrupt change of the light-transmittance. The transition was assigned as a main transition between the lamellar gel (L(beta)) and liquid-crystalline (L(alpha)) phases on the basis of the values of enthalpy change (DeltaH) and slope of the transition temperature with respect to pressure (dT/dP). The DSC thermogram of the OMPC bilayer membrane similarly showed a single endothermic peak but two kinds of phase transitions were observed at different temperatures in the light-transmittance profile at high pressures. The extrapolation of the lower-temperature transition in the high-pressure range to an ambient pressure coincided with the transition observed in the DSC thermogram. This transition was identified as a transition between the lamellar crystal (L(c)) and L(alpha) (or L(beta)) phases from the DeltaH and dT/dP values. The higher-temperature transition, appearing only at high pressures, was identified as the L(beta)/L(alpha) transition considering the topological resemblance of its temperature-pressure phase diagram as that of the dioleoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer membrane. The phase diagram of the OMPC bilayer membrane demonstrated that the L(beta) phase cannot exist at pressures below ca. 190 MPa while it can exist stably in a finite temperature range at pressures above the pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Tada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Tokushima, 2-1 Minamijosanjima-cho, Tokushima 770-8506, Japan
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