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Dharampuriya PR, Scapin G, Wong C, John Wagner K, Cillis JL, Shah DI. Tracking the origin, development, and differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2018; 49:108-115. [PMID: 29413969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2017] [Revised: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The hierarchical nature of the hematopoietic system provides an ideal model system to illustrate the features of lineage tracing. We have outlined the utility of lineage tracing methods in establishing the origin and development of hematopoietic cells. RECENT FINDINGS Methods such as CRISPR/Cas9, Polylox barcoding, and single-cell RNA-sequencing have improved our understanding of hematopoiesis. SUMMARY This review chronicles the fate of the hematopoietic cells emerging from the mesoderm that subsequently develops into the adult blood lineages. Specifically, we explain classic techniques utilized in lineage tracing for the hematopoietic system, as well as novel state-of-the-art methods to elucidate clonal hematopoiesis and cell fate mapping at a single-cell level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka R Dharampuriya
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Giorgia Scapin
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Colline Wong
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - K John Wagner
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02467, USA
| | - Jennifer L Cillis
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dhvanit I Shah
- Division of Hematology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Dana-Farber/Harvard Cancer Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Griffiths RL, Bunch J. A survey of useful salt additives in matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry and tandem mass spectrometry of lipids: introducing nitrates for improved analysis. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2012; 26:1557-1566. [PMID: 22638973 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.6258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) is a powerful technique for the direct analysis of lipids in complex mixtures and thin tissue sections, making it an extremely attractive method for profiling lipids in health and disease. Lipids are readily detected as [M+H](+), [M+Na](+) and [M+K](+) ions in positive ion MALDI mass spectrometry (MS) experiments. This not only decreases sensitivity, but can also lead to overlapping m/z values of the various adducts of different lipids. Additives can be used to promote formation of a particular adduct, improving sensitivity, reducing spectral complexity and enhancing structural characterization in collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments. METHODS Li(+), Na(+), K(+), Cs(+) and NH(4)(+) cations were considered as a range of salt types (acetates, chlorides and nitrates) incorporated into DHB matrix solutions at concentrations between 5 and 80 mM. The study was extended to evaluate the effect of these additives on CID experiments of a lipid standard, after optimization of collision energy parameters. Experiments were performed on a hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight (QqTOF) instrument. RESULTS The systematic evaluation of new and existing additives in MALDI-MS and MS/MS of lipids demonstrated the importance of additive cation and anion choice and concentration for tailoring spectral results. CONCLUSIONS The recommended choice of additive depends on the desired outcomes of the experiment to be performed (MS or MS/MS). Nitrates are found to be particularly useful additives for lipid analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rian L Griffiths
- School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
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