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Kopeć M, Borek-Dorosz A, Jarczewska K, Barańska M, Abramczyk H. The role of cardiolipin and cytochrome c in mitochondrial metabolism of cancer cells determined by Raman imaging: in vitro study on the brain glioblastoma U-87 MG cell line. Analyst 2024; 149:2697-2708. [PMID: 38506099 DOI: 10.1039/d4an00015c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
In this paper, we present Raman imaging as a non-invasive approach for studying changes in mitochondrial metabolism caused by cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions. We investigated the effect of mitochondrial dysregulation on cardiolipin (CL) and cytochrome c (Cyt c) interactions for a brain cancer cell line (U-87 MG). Mitochondrial metabolism was monitored by checking the intensities of the Raman bands at 750 cm-1, 1126 cm-1, 1310 cm-1, 1337 cm-1, 1444 cm-1 and 1584 cm-1. The presented results indicate that under pathological conditions, the content and redox status of Cyt c in mitochondria can be used as a Raman marker to characterize changes in cellular metabolism. This work provides evidence that cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions are crucial for mitochondrial energy homeostasis by controlling the redox status of Cyt c in the electron transport chain, switching from disabling Cyt c reduction and enabling peroxidase activity. This paper provides experimental support for the hypothesis of how cardiolipin-cytochrome c interactions regulate electron transfer in the respiratory chain, apoptosis and mROS production in mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kopeć
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | | | - Karolina Jarczewska
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Małgorzata Barańska
- Jagiellonian University, Faculty of Chemistry, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Halina Abramczyk
- Lodz University of Technology, Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Laboratory of Laser Molecular Spectroscopy, Wroblewskiego 15, 93-590 Lodz, Poland.
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2
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Fuentes JM, Morcillo P. The Role of Cardiolipin in Mitochondrial Function and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Cells 2024; 13:609. [PMID: 38607048 PMCID: PMC11012098 DOI: 10.3390/cells13070609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondria-exclusive phospholipid synthesized in the inner mitochondrial membrane. CL plays a key role in mitochondrial membranes, impacting a plethora of functions this organelle performs. Consequently, it is conceivable that abnormalities in the CL content, composition, and level of oxidation may negatively impact mitochondrial function and dynamics, with important implications in a variety of diseases. This review concentrates on papers published in recent years, combined with basic and underexplored research in CL. We capture new findings on its biological functions in the mitochondria, as well as its association with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or Parkinson's disease. Lastly, we explore the potential applications of CL as a biomarker and pharmacological target to mitigate mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- José M. Fuentes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (CIBER-CIBERNED-ISCIII), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Universitario de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 10003 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Patricia Morcillo
- Departmentof Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
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3
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Proskurnin MA, Proskurnina EV, Galimova VR, Alekseev AV, Mikheev IV, Vladimirov YA. Composition of the Cytochrome c Complex with Cardiolipin by Thermal Lens Spectrometry. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062692. [PMID: 36985664 PMCID: PMC10057424 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Thermal lens spectrometry along with spectrophotometric titration were used to assess the composition of the complex of oxidized cytochrome c (ferricytochrome c) with 1,1′,2,2′-tetraoleyl cardiolipin, which plays a key role in the initiation of apoptosis. Spectrophotometric titration was carried out for micromolar concentrations at which the complex is mainly insoluble, to assess the residual concentration in the solution and to estimate the solubility of the complex. Thermal lens spectrometry was used as a method of molecular absorption spectroscopy, which has two advantages over conventional optical transmission spectroscopy: the higher sensitivity of absorbance measurements and the possibility of studying the light absorption by chromophores and heat transfer in complex systems, such as living cells or tissues. Thermal lens measurements were carried out at nanomolar concentrations, where the complex is mainly in solution, i.e., under the conditions of its direct measurements. From the thermal lens measurements, the ratios of cytochrome c and cardiolipin in the complex were 50 at pH 7.4; 30 at pH 6.8; and 10 at pH 5.5, which fit well to the spectrophotometric data. The molecular solubility of the complex at pH 6.8–7.4 was estimated as 30 µmol/L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, d. 1, Str. 3, Lenin Hills, GSP-1 V-234, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (I.V.M.); Tel.: +7-495-939-15-68 (I.V.M.)
| | - Elena V. Proskurnina
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St, 115522 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Viktoriya R. Galimova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, d. 1, Str. 3, Lenin Hills, GSP-1 V-234, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Andrei V. Alekseev
- Russian Research Institute of Aviation Materials, ul. Radio 17, 105005 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Ivan V. Mikheev
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Chemistry Department, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, d. 1, Str. 3, Lenin Hills, GSP-1 V-234, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.P.); (I.V.M.); Tel.: +7-495-939-15-68 (I.V.M.)
| | - Yuri A. Vladimirov
- Faculty of Basic Medicine, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, A, 119991 Moscow, Russia;
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Jiang Z, Shen T, Huynh H, Fang X, Han Z, Ouyang K. Cardiolipin Regulates Mitochondrial Ultrastructure and Function in Mammalian Cells. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101889. [PMID: 36292774 PMCID: PMC9601307 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a unique, tetra-acylated diphosphatidylglycerol lipid that mainly localizes in the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) in mammalian cells and plays a central role in regulating mitochondrial architecture and functioning. A deficiency of CL biosynthesis and remodeling perturbs mitochondrial functioning and ultrastructure. Clinical and experimental studies on human patients and animal models have also provided compelling evidence that an abnormal CL content, acyl chain composition, localization, and level of oxidation may be directly linked to multiple diseases, including cardiomyopathy, neuronal dysfunction, immune cell defects, and metabolic disorders. The central role of CL in regulating the pathogenesis and progression of these diseases has attracted increasing attention in recent years. In this review, we focus on the advances in our understanding of the physiological roles of CL biosynthesis and remodeling from human patients and mouse models, and we provide an overview of the potential mechanism by which CL regulates the mitochondrial architecture and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitong Jiang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tao Shen
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Helen Huynh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Xi Fang
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Zhen Han
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.O.)
| | - Kunfu Ouyang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (K.O.)
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Structural Entities Associated with Different Lipid Phases of Plant Thylakoid Membranes—Selective Susceptibilities to Different Lipases and Proteases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172681. [PMID: 36078087 PMCID: PMC9454902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that plant thylakoid membranes (TMs), in addition to a bilayer, contain two isotropic lipid phases and an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. To elucidate the origin of non-bilayer lipid phases, we recorded the 31P-NMR spectra of isolated spinach plastoglobuli and TMs and tested their susceptibilities to lipases and proteases; the structural and functional characteristics of TMs were monitored using biophysical techniques and CN-PAGE. Phospholipase-A1 gradually destroyed all 31P-NMR-detectable lipid phases of isolated TMs, but the weak signal of isolated plastoglobuli was not affected. Parallel with the destabilization of their lamellar phase, TMs lost their impermeability; other effects, mainly on Photosystem-II, lagged behind the destruction of the original phases. Wheat-germ lipase selectively eliminated the isotropic phases but exerted little or no effect on the structural and functional parameters of TMs—indicating that the isotropic phases are located outside the protein-rich regions and might be involved in membrane fusion. Trypsin and Proteinase K selectively suppressed the HII phase—suggesting that a large fraction of TM lipids encapsulate stroma-side proteins or polypeptides. We conclude that—in line with the Dynamic Exchange Model—the non-bilayer lipid phases of TMs are found in subdomains separated from but interconnected with the bilayer accommodating the main components of the photosynthetic machinery.
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Korotkova PD, Yurchenko AA, Timofeev VI, Podshivalov DD, Gusel’nikova AR, Shumm AB, Vladimirov YA. Modeling of the Interaction of Cytochrome c with the Lipid Bilayer. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774522030117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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7
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Influence of a Constant Magnetic Field on the Mechanism of Adrenaline Oxidation. MAGNETOCHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/magnetochemistry8070070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to establish the role of the magnetic effect in the key stages of the autoxidation and initiated oxidation radical-chain reactions, the experimental data and kinetic analysis of the influence of a magnetic field on the oxidative transformations of adrenaline are presented in this work. In the case of autoxidation, the process is being controlled by the rate of adrenaline consumption in the gross process of quinoid oxidation. The analysis of the obtained results is estimative and is based on the assumption of the leading role of superoxide radical during the autoxidation. Superoxide radical concentration increases with the increase in the applied magnetic field strength, which leads to the decrease in the rate of initiation of the quinoid process. In the case of initiated oxidation, the results obtained are based on the known radical-chain mechanism, and they were interpreted using the theory of radical pairs. The observed magnetic effect is explained by the influence of a constant magnetic field on the mechanism of chain termination of radical-chain oxidation and/or initiation of the autoxidation process.
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8
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Modeling the molecular dynamics of cytochrome C in aqueous and water–methanol environment. MENDELEEV COMMUNICATIONS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mencom.2022.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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10
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Zafar B, Campbell J, Cooke J, Skirtach AG, Volodkin D. Modification of Surfaces with Vaterite CaCO 3 Particles. MICROMACHINES 2022; 13:473. [PMID: 35334765 PMCID: PMC8954061 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Former studies have demonstrated a strong interest toward the crystallization of CaCO3 polymorphs in solution. Nowadays, CaCO3 crystallization on solid surfaces is extensively being studied using biomolecules as substrates for the control of the growth aiming at various applications of CaCO3. Calcium carbonate exists in an amorphous state, as three anhydrous polymorphs (aragonite, calcite and vaterite), and as two hydrated polymorphs (monohydrocalcite and ikaite). The vaterite polymorph is considered as one of the most attractive forms due to its large surface area, biocompatibility, mesoporous nature, and other features. Based on physical or chemical immobilization approaches, vaterite can be grown directly on solid surfaces using various (bio)molecules, including synthetic polymers, biomacromolecules such as proteins and peptides, carbohydrates, fibers, extracellular matrix components, and even biological cells such as bacteria. Herein, the progress on the modification of solid surfaces by vaterite CaCO3 crystals is reviewed, focusing on main findings and the mechanism of vaterite growth initiated by various substances mentioned above, as well as the discussion of the applications of such modified surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Zafar
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (B.Z.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jack Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (B.Z.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Jake Cooke
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (B.Z.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
| | - Andre G. Skirtach
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium;
| | - Dmitry Volodkin
- Department of Chemistry and Forensics, School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK; (B.Z.); (J.C.); (J.C.)
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11
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Yurchenko AA, Korotkova PD, Gusel’nikova AR, Shumm AB, Timofeev VI, Vladimirov YA. Modeling of the Lipid Bilayer Mimicking the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane. CRYSTALLOGR REP+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1063774521060432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Vikulina AS, Campbell J. Biopolymer-Based Multilayer Capsules and Beads Made via Templating: Advantages, Hurdles and Perspectives. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:2502. [PMID: 34684943 PMCID: PMC8537085 DOI: 10.3390/nano11102502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
One of the undeniable trends in modern bioengineering and nanotechnology is the use of various biomolecules, primarily of a polymeric nature, for the design and formulation of novel functional materials for controlled and targeted drug delivery, bioimaging and theranostics, tissue engineering, and other bioapplications. Biocompatibility, biodegradability, the possibility of replicating natural cellular microenvironments, and the minimal toxicity typical of biogenic polymers are features that have secured a growing interest in them as the building blocks for biomaterials of the fourth generation. Many recent studies showed the promise of the hard-templating approach for the fabrication of nano- and microparticles utilizing biopolymers. This review covers these studies, bringing together up-to-date knowledge on biopolymer-based multilayer capsules and beads, critically assessing the progress made in this field of research, and outlining the current challenges and perspectives of these architectures. According to the classification of the templates, the review sequentially considers biopolymer structures templated on non-porous particles, porous particles, and crystal drugs. Opportunities for the functionalization of biopolymer-based capsules to tailor them toward specific bioapplications is highlighted in a separate section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Vikulina
- Department of Theory and Bio-Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg, 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
- Bavarian Polymer Institute, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Dr.-Mack-Straße, 77, 90762 Fürth, Germany
| | - Jack Campbell
- School of Science and Technology, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Lane, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK;
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Dabravolski SA, Bezsonov EE, Orekhov AN. The role of mitochondria dysfunction and hepatic senescence in NAFLD development and progression. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 142:112041. [PMID: 34411916 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Senescence is a crucial player in several metabolic disorders and chronic inflammatory diseases. Recent data prove the involvement of hepatocyte senescence in the development of NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease). As the main energy and ROS (reactive oxygen species) producing organelle, mitochondria play the central role in accelerated senescence and diseases development. In this review, we focus on the role of regulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ homeostasis, NAD+/NADH ratio, UPRmt (mitochondrial unfolded protein response), phospholipids and fatty acid oxidation in hepatic senescence, lifespan and NAFLD disease susceptibility. Additionally, the involvement of mitochondrial and nuclear mutations in lifespan-modulation and NAFLD development is discussed. While nuclear and mitochondria DNA mutations and SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) can be used as effective diagnostic markers and targets for treatments, advanced age should be considered as an independent risk factor for NAFLD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Clinical Diagnostics, Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine [UO VGAVM], 7/11 Dovatora str., 210026 Vitebsk, Belarus.
| | - Evgeny E Bezsonov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Alexander N Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsyurupa Street, 117418 Moscow, Russia; Laboratory of Angiopathology, The Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 8 Baltiyskaya Street, 125315 Moscow, Russia; Department of Basic Research, Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow 121609, Russia.
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14
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Cardiolipin in Immune Signaling and Cell Death. Trends Cell Biol 2020; 30:892-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2020.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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15
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Encapsulation of Low-Molecular-Weight Drugs into Polymer Multilayer Capsules Templated on Vaterite CaCO 3 Crystals. MICROMACHINES 2020; 11:mi11080717. [PMID: 32722123 PMCID: PMC7463826 DOI: 10.3390/mi11080717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer capsules (PEMCs) templated onto biocompatible and easily degradable vaterite CaCO3 crystals via the layer-by-layer (LbL) polymer deposition process have served as multifunctional and tailor-made vehicles for advanced drug delivery. Since the last two decades, the PEMCs were utilized for effective encapsulation and controlled release of bioactive macromolecules (proteins, nucleic acids, etc.). However, their capacity to host low-molecular-weight (LMW) drugs (<1–2 kDa) has been demonstrated rather recently due to a limited retention ability of multilayers to small molecules. The safe and controlled delivery of LMW drugs plays a vital role for the treatment of cancers and other diseases, and, due to their tunable and inherent properties, PEMCs have shown to be good candidates for smart drug delivery. Herein, we summarize recent progress on the encapsulation of LMW drugs into PEMCs templated onto vaterite CaCO3 crystals. The drug loading and release mechanisms, advantages and limitations of the PEMCs as LMW drug carriers, as well as bio-applications of drug-laden capsules are discussed based upon the recent literature findings.
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16
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Acaz-Fonseca E, Ortiz-Rodriguez A, Garcia-Segura LM, Astiz M. Sex differences and gonadal hormone regulation of brain cardiolipin, a key mitochondrial phospholipid. J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12774. [PMID: 31323169 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid that is almost exclusively located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. As a result of its unique structure and distribution, CL establishes non-covalent bonds with a long list of proteins involved in ATP production, mitochondria biogenesis, mitophagy and apoptosis. Thus, the amount of CL, as well as its fatty acid composition and location, strongly impacts upon mitochondrial-dependent functions and therefore the metabolic homeostasis of different tissues. The brain is particularly sensitive to mitochondrial dysfunction as a result of its high metabolic demand. Several mitochondrial related-neurodegenerative disorders, as well as physiological ageing, show altered CL metabolism. Furthermore, mice lacking enzymes involved in CL synthesis show cognitive impairments. CL content and metabolism are regulated by gonadal hormones in the developing and adult brain. In neuronal cultures, oestradiol increases CL content, whereas adult ovariectomy decreases CL content and alters CL metabolism in the hippocampal mitochondria. Transient sex differences in brain CL metabolism have been detected during development. At birth, brain CL has a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids in the brain of male mice than in the brain of females. In addition, the expression of enzymes involved in CL de novo and recycling synthetic pathways is higher in males. Most of these sex differences are abolished by the neonatal androgenisation of females, suggesting a role for testosterone in the generation of sex differences in brain CL. The regulation of brain CL by gonadal hormones may be linked to their homeostatic and protective actions in neural cells, as well as the manifestation of sex differences in neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefania Acaz-Fonseca
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Luis Miguel Garcia-Segura
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariana Astiz
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain Behavior and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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17
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Vladimirov GK, Remenshchikov VE, Nesterova AM, Volkov VV, Vladimirov YA. Comparison of the Size and Properties of the Cytochrome c/Cardiolipin Nanospheres in a Sediment and Non-polar Medium. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2019; 84:923-930. [PMID: 31522674 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791908008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis, as the major type of programmed cell death, plays an important role in the organism renewal and removal of defective and transformed cells, including cancer cells. One of the earliest apoptotic events is lipid peroxidation in the inner mitochondrial membrane catalyzed by a complex of cytochrome c (CytC) with the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL). It was shown that mixing CytC and CL solutions results in the formation of CytC/CL complexes (Cyt-CL nanospheres) with a diameter of 11-12 nm composed of the molten globule protein molecule and a CL monolayer. Using the methods of dynamic light scattering for the Cyt-CL chloroform solution and small-angle X-ray scattering for the Cyt-CL sediment, it was found that in both cases, Cyt-CL formed nanospheres with a diameter of 8 and 11 nm, which corresponded to the earlier determined lipid/protein ratios of 13-14 and 35-50, respectively. These results showed that the Cyt-CL nanospheres can form not only during crystallization but also in a hydrophobic medium. CytC in the complex exists as a molten globule, as evidenced by the emergence of tryptophan and tyrosine fluorescence (absent in the native protein) due to the Förster resonance transfer of the electron excitation energy onto the heme. At the same time, the coordinate bond between the heme iron and the sulfur atom of methionine 80 in Cyt-CL is disrupted (the absorption band at ~700 nm disappears). Similar disruption of the iron-sulfur bond in Cyt-CL was observed in 50% methanol. These changes were reversible, which corroborates the conclusion on the CytC transition to the molten globule conformation in methanol-containing solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Vladimirov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia. .,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V E Remenshchikov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia
| | - A M Nesterova
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - V V Volkov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Kurchatov National Institute Research Center, Moscow, 123182, Russia
| | - Yu A Vladimirov
- Shubnikov Institute of Crystallography, Crystallography and Photonics Federal Scientific Research Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 119333, Russia.,Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 119991, Russia.,Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Public Health of Russian Federation, Moscow, 117997, Russia.,Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Fundamental Medicine, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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Vlasova II. Peroxidase Activity of Human Hemoproteins: Keeping the Fire under Control. Molecules 2018; 23:E2561. [PMID: 30297621 PMCID: PMC6222727 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The heme in the active center of peroxidases reacts with hydrogen peroxide to form highly reactive intermediates, which then oxidize simple substances called peroxidase substrates. Human peroxidases can be divided into two groups: (1) True peroxidases are enzymes whose main function is to generate free radicals in the peroxidase cycle and (pseudo)hypohalous acids in the halogenation cycle. The major true peroxidases are myeloperoxidase, eosinophil peroxidase and lactoperoxidase. (2) Pseudo-peroxidases perform various important functions in the body, but under the influence of external conditions they can display peroxidase-like activity. As oxidative intermediates, these peroxidases produce not only active heme compounds, but also protein-based tyrosyl radicals. Hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome c/cardiolipin complexes and cytoglobin are considered as pseudo-peroxidases. Рeroxidases play an important role in innate immunity and in a number of physiologically important processes like apoptosis and cell signaling. Unfavorable excessive peroxidase activity is implicated in oxidative damage of cells and tissues, thereby initiating the variety of human diseases. Hence, regulation of peroxidase activity is of considerable importance. Since peroxidases differ in structure, properties and location, the mechanisms controlling peroxidase activity and the biological effects of peroxidase products are specific for each hemoprotein. This review summarizes the knowledge about the properties, activities, regulations and biological effects of true and pseudo-peroxidases in order to better understand the mechanisms underlying beneficial and adverse effects of this class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina I Vlasova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Physical-Chemical Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Malaya Pirogovskaya, 1a, Moscow 119435, Russia.
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Laboratory of Navigational Redox Lipidomics, Sechenov University, 8-2 Trubetskaya St., Moscow 119991, Russia.
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