1
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Jegatheeswaran S, Ein-Mozaffari F. Gas Helicity Yields New Insights into Gas–Liquid Reactor Design: Enhanced Oxygen Transfer Rate of Coaxial Mixers at Low-Speed Ratio. Ind Eng Chem Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c04016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinthuran Jegatheeswaran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, OntarioM5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, OntarioM5B 2K3, Canada
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2
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Sharifi F, Behzadfar E, Ein-Mozaffari F. Intensified gas-liquid mixing in bioreactors equipped with a dual coaxial mixer containing biopolymer solutions. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Posadas-Navarro DI, Gonza´lez-Rivera C, Ram´ırez-Arga´ez MA, Ascanio G. Power Characteristics and Mass Transfer of Rotor Injectors in a Water Physical Model of an Aluminum Degassing Ladle. Chem Eng Res Des 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2023.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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4
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Solid-liquid suspension in a stirred tank driven by an eccentric-shaft: Electrical resistance tomography measurement. POWDER TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2022.117943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Barros PL, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. Power Consumption Characterization of Energy-Efficient Aerated Coaxial Mixers Containing Yield-Stress Biopolymer Solutions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c02008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paloma L. Barros
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Toronto Metropolitan University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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6
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Zak A, Alberini F, Maluta F, Moucha T, Montante G, Paglianti A. Liquid mixing time and gas distribution in aerated multiple-impeller stirred tanks. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Scale-up study of aerated coaxial mixing reactors containing non-newtonian power-law fluids: Analysis of gas holdup, cavity size, and power consumption. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Sharifi M, Young B. Review of applications of electrical resistance tomography to chemical engineering. REV CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/revce-2021-0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In spite of decades of study and investigation, the research on tomography and electrical resistance tomography (ERT) in particular, remains to be focus of immense scientific significance. ERT provides the ability to measure conductivity distribution inside a process plant and delivers time evolving multidimensional information. Such important and otherwise inaccessible information enhances critical process knowledge whilst improving the design and function of the process equipment. ERT has been employed in a variety of fields including chemical engineering. This paper reviews previous research carried out on the application of ERT within the chemical engineering arena. The applications are classified based on the objective of ERT measurements, the unit operations ERT has been utilized on, the media under examination, and also other technologies and data processing techniques used in combination with ERT. The objective of this taxonomy is to offer the reader with a broad insight into the current situation of ERT related research and developed applications in the chemical engineering field and to assist in the identification of research gaps for future investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohadeseh Sharifi
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering , University of Auckland , 20 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
| | - Brent Young
- Department of Chemical & Materials Engineering , University of Auckland , 20 Symonds Street , Auckland 1010 , New Zealand
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9
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Rahimzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. New Insights into the Gas Dispersion and Mass Transfer in Shear-Thinning Fluids Inside an Aerated Coaxial Mixer via Analysis of Flow Hydrodynamics and Shear Environment. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c04586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ali Rahimzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario M5B 2K3, Canada
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10
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Investigating a Stirred Bioreactor: Impact of Evolving Fermentation Broth Pseudoplastic Rheology on Mixing Mechanisms. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation8030102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The culture medium in many fermentations is a non-Newtonian fluid. In bacterial alginate batch production, the broth becomes more pseudoplastic as the alginate concentration increases, which impairs the mixing process. This work characterizes the effect of the interaction between changing broth rheology and impeller mixing on a bioreactor fluid dynamics. Experimentally, a fermentation with evolving broth pseudoplastic rheology is reproduced. Three fermentation stages are mimicked using appropriate solutions of water and xanthan gum. Impeller torque measurements are reported. The weakening of the impellers’ interaction over the fermentation process is identified. To overcome the experimental limitations, CFD is applied to study the evolution of the fermentation fluid flow patterns, velocity field, dead zones, and vortical structures. Precessional vortex macro-instabilities are identified as being responsible for the unstable flow patterns identified at the earlier stages of the fermentation. A stable parallel flow pattern accounts for the weakest impellers’ interaction at the final stage. Overall, this work contributes with a complete workflow to adapt CFD models for characterization and aided design of stirred tanks with changing broth pseudoplastic rheology as well as an evolving flow regime.
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11
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Norouzi‐Firouz H, Sarrafzadeh M, Zarghami R, Moshiri‐Tabrizi I. A coupled hydrodynamic‐biokinetic simulation of three‐phase flow in an oxidation ditch using
CFD. CAN J CHEM ENG 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/cjce.24095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Norouzi‐Firouz
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Mohammad‐Hossein Sarrafzadeh
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Reza Zarghami
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
- Process Design and Simulation Research Centre, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
| | - Iman Moshiri‐Tabrizi
- UNESCO Chair on Water Reuse, School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran
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12
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Gas Dispersion in Non-Newtonian Fluids with Mechanically Agitated Systems: A Review. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10020275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gas dispersion in non-Newtonian fluids is encountered in a broad range of chemical, biochemical, and food industries. Mechanically agitated vessels are commonly employed in these processes because they promote high degree of contact between the phases. However, mixing non-Newtonian fluids is a challenging task that requires comprehensive knowledge of the mixing flow to accurately design stirred vessels. Therefore, this review presents the developments accomplished by researchers in this field. The present work describes mixing and mass transfer variables, namely volumetric mass transfer coefficient, power consumption, gas holdup, bubble diameter, and cavern size. It presents empirical correlations for the mixing variables and discusses the effects of operating and design parameters on the mixing and mass transfer process. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the advantages of employing computational fluid dynamics tools to shed light on the hydrodynamics of this complex flow. The literature review shows that knowledge gaps remain for gas dispersion in yield stress fluids and non-Newtonian fluids with viscoelastic effects. In addition, comprehensive studies accounting for the scale-up of these mixing processes still need to be accomplished. Hence, further investigation of the flow patterns under different process and design conditions are valuable to have an appropriate insight into this complex system.
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13
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Kazemzadeh A, Turcotte G, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. Analysis of the Performance of a High-Speed Scott Turbon Mixer in Immiscible Liquid–Liquid Mixing through Endoscopy, Tomography, CFD, and Statistical Methods. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Argang Kazemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Ginette Turcotte
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
| | - Ali Lohi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5B 2K3
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Abstract
The mixing process in a mechanically agitated vessel is a widespread phenomenon which plays an important role among industrial processes. In that process, one of the crucial parameters, the mixing efficiency, depends on a large number of geometrical factors, as well as process parameters and complex interactions between the phases which are still not well understood. In the last decade, large progress has been made in optimisation, construction and numerical and experimental analysis of mechanically agitated vessels. In this review, the current state in this field has been presented. It shows that advanced computational fluid dynamic techniques for multiphase flow analysis with reactions and modern experimental techniques can be used with success to analyse in detail mixing features in liquid-liquid, gas-liquid, solid-liquid and in more than two-phase flows. The objective is to show the most important research recently carried out.
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15
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Kazemzadeh A, Elias C, Tamer M, Lohi A, Ein-Mozaffari F. Mass transfer in a single-use angled-shaft aerated stirred bioreactor applicable for animal cell culture. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Bowler AL, Bakalis S, Watson NJ. A review of in-line and on-line measurement techniques to monitor industrial mixing processes. Chem Eng Res Des 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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17
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. Hydrodynamics of solid and liquid phases in a mixing tank containing high solid loading slurry of large particles via tomography and computational fluid dynamics. POWDER TECHNOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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18
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Kazemzadeh A, Ein-Mozaffari F, Lohi A. Mixing of highly concentrated slurries of large particles: Applications of electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and response surface methodology (RSM). Chem Eng Res Des 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2019.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Kazemzadeh A, Elias C, Tamer M, Ein-Mozaffari F. Hydrodynamic performance of a single-use aerated stirred bioreactor in animal cell culture: applications of tomography, dynamic gas disengagement (DGD), and CFD. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2018; 41:679-695. [PMID: 29445862 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-018-1902-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The hydrodynamics of gas-liquid two-phase flow in a single-use bioreactor were investigated in detail both experimentally and numerically. Electrical resistance tomography (ERT) and dynamic gas disengagement (DGD) combined with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) were employed to assess the effect of the volumetric gas flow rate and impeller speed on the gas-liquid flow field, local and global gas holdup values, and Sauter mean bubble diameter. From the results obtained from DGD coupled with ERT, the bubble sizes were determined. The experimental data indicated that the total gas holdup values increased with increasing both the rotational speed of impeller and volumetric gas flow rate. Moreover, the analysis of the flow field generated inside the aerated stirred bioreactor was conducted using CFD results. Overall, a more uniform distribution of the gas holdup was obtained at impeller speeds ≥ 100 rpm for volumetric gas flow rates ≥ 1.6 × 10-5 m3/s.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argang Kazemzadeh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada
| | - Cynthia Elias
- Sanofi Pasteur Company, 1755 Steels Avenue West, North York, Toronto, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Melih Tamer
- Sanofi Pasteur Company, 1755 Steels Avenue West, North York, Toronto, M2R 3T4, Canada
| | - Farhad Ein-Mozaffari
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, M5B 2K3, Canada.
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