1
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Castillo Henríquez L, Bahloul B, Alhareth K, Oyoun F, Frejková M, Kostka L, Etrych T, Kalshoven L, Guillaume A, Mignet N, Corvis Y. Step-By-Step Standardization of the Bottom-Up Semi-Automated Nanocrystallization of Pharmaceuticals: A Quality By Design and Design of Experiments Joint Approach. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2306054. [PMID: 38299478 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202306054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Nanosized drug crystals have been reported with enhanced apparent solubility, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficacy compared to microcrystal materials, which are not suitable for parenteral administration. However, nanocrystal design and development by bottom-up approaches are challenging, especially considering the non-standardized process parameters in the injection step. This work aims to present a systematic step-by-step approach through Quality-by-Design (QbD) and Design of Experiments (DoE) for synthesizing drug nanocrystals by a semi-automated nanoprecipitation method. Curcumin is used as a drug model due to its well-known poor water solubility (0.6 µg mL-1, 25 °C). Formal and informal risk assessment tools allow identifying the critical factors. A fractional factorial 24-1 screening design evaluates their impact on the average size and polydispersity of nanocrystals. The optimization of significant factors is done by a Central Composite Design. This response surface methodology supports the rational design of the nanocrystals, identifying and exploring the design space. The proposed joint approach leads to a reproducible, robust, and stable nanocrystalline preparation of 316 nm with a PdI of 0.217 in compliance with the quality profile. An orthogonal approach for particle size and polydispersity characterization allows discarding the formation of aggregates. Overall, the synergy between advanced data analysis and semi-automated standardized nanocrystallization of drugs is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Castillo Henríquez
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Badr Bahloul
- Drug Development Laboratory LR12ES09, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, 5060, Tunisia
| | - Khair Alhareth
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Feras Oyoun
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Markéta Frejková
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Libor Kostka
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Etrych
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Czech Academy of Sciences, Heyrovského náměstí 2, Prague, CZ-162 06, Czech Republic
| | - Luc Kalshoven
- EuroAPI France, Particle Engineering and Sizing Department, Vertolaye, F-63480, France
| | - Alain Guillaume
- EuroAPI France, Particle Engineering and Sizing Department, Vertolaye, F-63480, France
| | - Nathalie Mignet
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
| | - Yohann Corvis
- CNRS, INSERM, Chemical and Biological Technologies for Health Group (UTCBS), Université Paris Cité, Paris, F-75006, France
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2
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Devos C, Vananroye A, Cardinaels R, Xiouras C, Van Gerven T, Kuhn S. The interplay between nucleation and patterning during shear-induced crystallization from solution in a parallel plate geometry. SOFT MATTER 2023; 19:5896-5906. [PMID: 37482796 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00528c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Cooling crystallization of small organic molecules from solution is an important operation for the separation and purification of drug products. In this research, shear-induced nucleation from a supersaturated solution is studied in a parallel plate geometry. Under conditions of shear and small gap sizes, narrow mesoscale circular bands of small crystals appeared spontaneously and reproducibly on the plate's surface. We have investigated the connection between nucleation and the emergence of these circular patterns. Our results show that nucleation occurs preferably in zones with high local shear rate (located at the outer edges of the plates), compared to zones with low local shear rate (at the center of the plates). The time before nucleation occurs decreases significantly for increasing mean shear rate and time. The circular crystalline patterns appear at the plate's surface, where heterogeneous nucleation first occurs. Multiple hypotheses are explored to understand the pattern formation in crystallization. Since no satisfactory explanation is found, a new mechanism is proposed. This hypothesis involves crystals initially forming on the surface of the plates and undergoing stick-slip motion, which influences the local nucleation kinetics. This results in an interplay between (secondary) nucleation and stick-slip motion at the start of the crystallization process. By modifying the surface of the plates, their ability to act as a heterogeneous nucleation site can be altered, allowing control over the formation of patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedric Devos
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Anja Vananroye
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Ruth Cardinaels
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
- TU Eindhoven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Christos Xiouras
- Janssen Pharmaceutical Companies of Johnson & Johnson, Janssen Research and Development, Crystallization Technology Unit (CTU), 2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tom Van Gerven
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Simon Kuhn
- KU Leuven, Department of Chemical Engineering, Celestijnenlaan 200F, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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3
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Yerdelen S, Yang Y, Quon JL, Papageorgiou CD, Mitchell C, Houson I, Sefcik J, ter Horst JH, Florence AJ, Brown CJ. Machine Learning-Derived Correlations for Scale-Up and Technology Transfer of Primary Nucleation Kinetics. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2023; 23:681-693. [PMID: 36747575 PMCID: PMC9896482 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.2c00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Scaling up and technology transfer of crystallization processes have been and continue to be a challenge. This is often due to the stochastic nature of primary nucleation, various scale dependencies of nucleation mechanisms, and the multitude of scale-up approaches. To better understand these dependencies, a series of isothermal induction time studies were performed across a range of vessel volumes, impeller types, and impeller speeds. From these measurements, the nucleation rate and growth time were estimated as parameters of an induction time distribution model. Then using machine learning techniques, correlations between the vessel hydrodynamic features, calculated from computational flow dynamic simulations, and nucleation kinetic parameters were analyzed. Of the 18 machine learning models trained, two models for the nucleation rate were found to have the best performance (in terms of % of predictions within experimental variance): a nonlinear random Forest model and a nonlinear gradient boosting model. For growth time, a nonlinear gradient boosting model was found to outperform the other models tested. These models were then ensembled to directly predict the probability of nucleation, at a given time, solely from hydrodynamic features with an overall root mean square error of 0.16. This work shows how machine learning approaches can be used to analyze limited datasets of induction times to provide insights into what hydrodynamic parameters should be considered in the scale-up of an unseeded crystallization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Yerdelen
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Yihui Yang
- Process
Chemistry and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
International Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Justin L. Quon
- Process
Chemistry and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
International Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Charles D. Papageorgiou
- Process
Chemistry and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
International Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Chris Mitchell
- Process
Chemistry and Development, Takeda Pharmaceuticals
International Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts02139, United States
| | - Ian Houson
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Jan Sefcik
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1XQ, U.K.
| | - Joop H. ter Horst
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
- Laboratoire
Sciences et Méthodes Séparatives, Université de Rouen Normandie, Place Emile Blondel, Mont
Saint Aignan Cedex76821, France
| | - Alastair J Florence
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
| | - Cameron J. Brown
- EPSRC
Future Continuous Manufacturing and Advanced Crystallisation Research
Hub, c/o Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, GlasgowG1 1RD, U.K.
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Nyande BW, Thomas KM, Takarianto AA, Lakerveld R. Control of crystal size distribution in batch protein crystallization by integrating a gapped Kenics static mixer to flexibly produce seed crystals. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.118085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Kwon S, Lakerveld R. Impact of Cooling Profile on Batch Emulsion Solution Crystallization. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c01314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soojin Kwon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Lakerveld
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Shingte S, Altenburg O, Verheijen PJT, Kramer HJM, Eral HB. Microfluidic Platform with Serpentine Geometry Providing Chaotic Mixing in Induction Time Experiments. CRYSTAL GROWTH & DESIGN 2022; 22:4072-4085. [PMID: 35818383 PMCID: PMC9264360 DOI: 10.1021/acs.cgd.1c01436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
We present a droplet microfluidic platform mixing the contents of the droplet chaotically in microfluidic induction time measurements, a promising method for quantifying nucleation kinetics with minute amounts of solute. The nucleation kinetics of aqueous potassium chloride droplets dispersed in mineral oil without surfactants is quantified in the presence and absence of chaotic mixing. We demonstrate the ability of the proposed platform to dictate droplet size, to provide a homogeneous temperature distribution, and to chaotically mix the droplet contents. Chaotic mixing in induction time measurements is facilitated by the motion of droplets through serpentine micromixer bends, while the extent of mixing is controlled by how much droplets move. Different nucleation kinetics are observed in experiments where the droplets are static, mixed, and in motion. We hypothesize that the droplet motion induces formation of a thin-liquid Bretherton film surrounding the droplets. The thin film shields droplets from solid boundaries that are more efficient heteronucleant surfaces compared to liquid-liquid interfaces. We observed that repeated microfluidic induction time measurements, particularly with moving droplets, produce significantly distinct cumulative nucleation probability curves, indicating that the measured nucleation kinetics depend strongly on the details of the experimental procedure, which we discuss in detail. Finally, we compare the microfluidic experiments to well-mixed, milliliter volume, turbidity-based measurements in the context of classic nucleation theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer
D. Shingte
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Olav Altenburg
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. T. Verheijen
- Biotechnology
Department, Delft University of Technology, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Herman J. M. Kramer
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Huseyin Burak Eral
- Process
& Energy Department, Delft University
of Technology, Leeghwaterstraat 39, 2628 CA Delft, The Netherlands
- Van’t
Hoff Laboratory for Physical and Colloid Chemistry, Debye Institute, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
- E-mail:
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7
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Achermann R, Adams R, Prasser HM, Mazzotti M. Characterization of a small-scale crystallizer using CFD simulations and X-ray CT measurements. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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8
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Hafez A, Liu Q, Santamarina JC. Self-assembly of millimeter-scale magnetic particles in suspension. SOFT MATTER 2021; 17:6935-6941. [PMID: 34105574 DOI: 10.1039/d1sm00588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Self-assembly is ubiquitous at all scales in nature. Most studies have focused on the self-assembly of micron-scale and nano-scale components. In this study, we explore the self-assembly of millimeter-scale magnetic particles in a bubble-column reactor to form 9 different structures. Two component systems (N-N and S-S particles) assemble faster than one-component systems (all particles have N-S poles) because they have more numerous bonding pathways. In addition, two-components add control to process initiation and evolution, and enable the formation of complex structures such as squares, tetrahedra and cubes. Self-assembly is collision-limited, thus, the formation time increases with the total number of bonds required to form the structure and the injected power. The dimensionless Mason number captures the interplay between hydrodynamic forces and magnetic interactions: self-assembly is most efficient at intermediate Mason numbers (the system is quasi-static at low Mason numbers with limited chances for particle interaction; on the other hand, hydrodynamic forces prevail over dipole-dipole interactions and hinder bonding at high Mason numbers). Two strategies to improve yield involve (1) the inclusion of pre-assembled nucleation templates to prevent the formation of incorrect initial structures that lead to kinetic traps, and (2) the presence of boundaries to geometrically filter unwanted configurations and to overcome kinetic traps through particle-wall collisions. Yield maximization involves system operation at an optimal Mason number, the inclusion of nucleation templates and the use of engineered boundaries (size and shape).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hafez
- Earth Science and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Qi Liu
- Earth Science and Engineering, KAUST, Thuwal 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
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9
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Elduayen-Echave B, Lizarralde I, Schneider PA, Ayesa E, Larraona GS, Grau P. Inclusion of shear rate effects in the kinetics of a discretized population balance model: Application to struvite precipitation. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 200:117242. [PMID: 34052476 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The effect of mixing in the modelling of processes based on mass transfer phenomena is commonly ignored in wastewater treatment industry. In this contribution, the effect of the average shear rate in the nucleation and growth rates of struvite is analyzed by combining experimental data with simulation results obtained with a previously presented mass-based discretized population balance model. According to the obtained results, the effect of the average shear rate is identifiable for the selected data and mechanisms. Therefore, it should be considered when a detailed modelling of the process is needed. Consequently, in this contribution, the average shear rate has been decoupled from the kinetic constants. In addition, kinetic rates where it is explicitly included as a power law function have been proposed. The exponents in these power law functions for the primary homogeneous nucleation and growth are 1.3 and 0.3, respectively. Considering shear rate effects allowed to see in the simulation outputs experimentally observed effects: a faster pH decay and smaller particle distribution for increasing mixing intensities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Elduayen-Echave
- CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, Donostia, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - I Lizarralde
- Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun Escuela de Ingenieros, Manuel Lardizabal 13, Donostia, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - P A Schneider
- Engineering & Energy, Murdoch University, 90 South St, Murdoch WA 6150, Australia.
| | - E Ayesa
- CEIT-Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Manuel Lardizabal 15, Donostia, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - G S Larraona
- Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun Escuela de Ingenieros, Manuel Lardizabal 13, Donostia, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
| | - P Grau
- Universidad de Navarra, Tecnun Escuela de Ingenieros, Manuel Lardizabal 13, Donostia, San Sebastián 20018, Spain.
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10
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Wang J, Cao W, Zhu L, Wang J, Lakerveld R. Emulsion-assisted cooling crystallization of ibuprofen. Chem Eng Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2020.115861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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11
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Mohd Noor SZ, Camacho DM, Yun Ma C, Mahmud T. Effect of Crystallization Conditions on the Metastable Zone Width and Nucleation Kinetics of
p
‐Aminobenzoic Acid in Ethanol. Chem Eng Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201900679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siti Zulaikha Mohd Noor
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Diana M. Camacho
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Cai Yun Ma
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
| | - Tariq Mahmud
- The University of LeedsSchool of Chemical and Process Engineering LS2 9JT Leeds United Kingdom
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13
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14
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Cedeno R, Maosoongnern S, Flood A. Direct Measurements of Primary Nucleation Rates of p-Aminobenzoic Acid and Glutamic Acid and Comparison with Predictions from Induction Time Distributions. Ind Eng Chem Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.8b03625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruel Cedeno
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Somchai Maosoongnern
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
| | - Adrian Flood
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, School of Energy Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology, Rayong 21210, Thailand
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15
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Maosoongnern S, Flood AE. Validation of Models Predicting Nucleation Rates from Induction Times and Metastable Zone Widths. Chem Eng Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Somchai Maosoongnern
- School of Energy Science and Engineering; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan 21210 Rayong Thailand
| | - Adrian E. Flood
- School of Energy Science and Engineering; Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; 555 Moo 1, Payupnai, Wang Chan 21210 Rayong Thailand
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